Compressed Natural Gas

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

Presented byAnkit Omar

Maharshi SinghM.Tech (Automobile)

WHAT IS CNG? CNG is the compressed form of the Natural gas,

which is using for power generation.

Natural gas is drawn mainly from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production. And also from coal and biogas.

Natural gas is compressing to around 200- 240 bar to obtain CNG.

CNG mainly consists of methane ( 80 - 95%).

CNG’s octane rating is 110.

HISTORY Natural gas has long been considered an

alternative fuel for the transportation sector. In fact, the first internal combustion engine

vehicle to run on natural gas was created by Etienne Lenoir in 1860!

The First Natural Gas Vehicle 1860

CURRENT STATUS CNG is mainly using for automobile and power

generation applications.

Worldwide there are approximately 12.4 million CNG vehicles by 2010.

In India CNG is using for the metropolitan city transports and in passenger cars.

Delhi having a large number CNG vehicles and filling stations in India.

GAIL is the main supplier of CNG in India.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS

Component Typical Analysis(mole %)

Range(mole %)

Methane 95.2 87.0 - 96.0Ethane 2.5 1.5 - 5.1Propane 0.2 0.1 - 1.5Iso - Butane 0.03 0.01 - 0.3Normal - Butane 0.03 0.01 - 0.3Iso - Pentane 0.01 trace - 0.14normal - Pentane 0.01 trace - 0.04Hexanes plus 0.01 trace - 0.06Nitrogen 1.3 0.7 - 5.6Carbon Dioxide 0.7 0.1 - 1.0Oxygen 0.02 0.01 - 0.1Hydrogen trace trace - 0.02 Specific Gravity 0.58 0.57 - 0.62Gross Heating Value (MJ/m3), dry basis *

37.8 36.0 - 40.2

PROPERTIES OF CNG CNG is used in its primary gasiform state.

Colourless, Odourless and Tasteless gas.

CNG is cheaper than gasoline fuels. Lighter than atmospheric air.

CNG is measuring in Kg.

Not contain Lead and Sulphur.

High octane rating.

COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF CNGIgnition Point: 593 oC *

Flammability Limits 4% - 16% (volume % in air) *

Theoretical Flame Temperature (stoichiometric air/fuel ratio)

1960 oC (3562 oF) †

Maximum Flame Velocity 0.3 m/s †

Relative density (specific gravity) 0.58 ‡

CNG CONVERSION

CNG CONVERSION CONTINUED….

CNG VEHICLE (NGV) SYSTEM

CNG VEHICLE (NGV) SYSTEM CONTD….

COMPARISON Comparison of emission characteristics

ADVANTAGES Cheaper than gasoline fuels

Less pollution

No transportation losses

Increased safety as compared to LPG

CNG powered vehicle has, 1.Lower maintenance cost. 2. No evaporation losses. 3.Increase life of lubricating oil.

DISADVANTAGES

Non-renewable source.

CNG need more space for fuel storage.

While filling gas, tank is get heated up.

Comparatively less power compared with gasoline engines.

CONCLUSION CNG is the best source of energy.

It reduces the greenhouse gases.

Sources of CNG is larger than the gasoline fuels.

Increasing demand of CNG vehicles shows the acceptance of CNG fuel.

CNG and DIESEL combination (DNG) is also using in Heavy vehicles.