Communities need - WordPress.com · Hunefer and his wife are worshipping the gods of Amenta. Figure...

Communities needto Communicate!

Figure 1-1Cave Painting from Lascaux, France c. 15,000-10,000 BCE

Figure 1-3Fremont rock painting from San Raphael Swell, c. 2000-1000 BCE

The Fremont people lived in southern Utah

Pictographs

elemental pictures that represent exactly what they depict

(people, animals, objects)

Petroglyphs

Signs carved or scratched into rock

Figure 1-2Petroglyphic figures found in the western United States

are similar to images found all over the world

Ideographs

Symbols that represent an idea or concept

Ziggurat

A stepped temple compound where priests and scribes controlled the inventories of the gods and the king.

Early Sumerian pictograph tablet, c. 3100 BCE Information is structured into grid zones

by horizontal and vertical division.

This clay tablet demonstrates how the Sumerian symbols for “star,” “head” and “water” evolved from early pictographs. 3100 BCE

Cuneiform tablet, c. 2100 BCE This clay tablet lists expenditures of grain and animals

Cuneiform

Abstract writing system (from the Latin for Wedge-Shaped)

Phonograms

Graphic symbols for sounds

Edubba (Tablet House)

A writing school for children selected to be scribes

(also a storage house for tablets)

Stele bearing the Code of Hammurabi, initially written between 1792 and 1750 BCEAt the top is King Hammurabi with the sun god Shamash, who orders the king to write down the laws for the people of Babylon.

Detail from the Code of Hammurabi

Hittite cylinder seal, thought to portray a ritual, possibly with a sacrificial offering on the right.

Hieroglyphics

Ancient Egyptian picture-writing system

(Greek for Sacred Carving)

Ivory tablet of King Zet, First Dynasty. The 5.000 year old tablet is possibly the earliest example of Egyptian pictographic writing that evolved into hieroglyphics

Figure 1-22The Rosetta Stone, c. 197-196 BCEFrom top to bottom, hieroglyphics, demotic and Greek inscriptions provided the key to the secrets of ancient Egypt.

Cartouche

A bracket-like plaque containing the symbols which stand for a name

Alphabet characters placed beside each hieroglyphic in the cartouches of Ptolemy and Cleopatra

demonstrate the approximate phonetic sounds deciphered by Champollion

These Egyptian Hieroglyphics illustrate the rebus principle. These symbols mean bee, leaf, sea and sun. The sound of the objects they

represent would be close to the name being communicated. As rebuses (using the English language) they could also mean belief and season.

Paul Rand’s Rebus poster for IBM

Sarcophagus of Aspalta, King of Ethiopia, c. 593-568 BCE The inscriptions carved into this granite sarcophagusdemonstrate the flexibility of hieroglyphics

Detail from the Book of the Dead of Tuthmosis III, c. 1450 BCE. Written hieroglyphics were simplified but maintained their pictographic origin

The Hieroglyphic for scribe depicted the Old Kingdom palette, the drawstring sack for dried ink cakes, and a reed brush holder.

Figure 1-31Detail from the Papyrus of Hunefer, c. 1370 BCE

Hunefer and his wife are worshipping the gods of Amenta.

Figure 1-32Vignette from the Papyrus of Ani, c. 1420 BCE

Ani, a royal scribe, temple accountant, and grainery manager from Thebes, and his wife

arrive for his final judgment.

• http://gripmisguidance.com/