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Top Ten List• The top 10 most common injuries in the PLHS Athletic
Training Room:1. Muscle strain/spasm2. Finger/toe joint sprain3. Lateral ankle sprain4. Medial tibial stress syndrome ("shin splints")5. Rotator cuff tendonitis/fatigue6. Concussion7. Patellar maltracking (patellofemoral syndrome)8. Bone fracture9. Patellar tendonitis/Osgood-Schlatters10. IT band friction syndrome
Some Very Bad Sports Injuries• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1sJhdNP3_k
Muscular Injuries• Contusion
• Bruise• Caused by direct blow or force to the body• Blood pools under skin to the injury site
• Cramp• Involuntary contraction of muscle• Caused by dehydration, vigorous activity, lack of stretching, etc.
Muscular Injuries• Strain/Pull/Tear
• Over stretching/separation of muscle fibers• Caused by over exercising/poor warm up/lack of stretching• Recovery time depends on severity of strain
• Avulsion/Rupture• Complete tearing/ripping of muscle • Recovery time is very long
Soft Tissue Injuries• Incision
• A “cut”• Ex: broken glass, knife, sharp edge
• Laceration• Skin torn off
• Abrasion• Skin is rubbed or scraped off• Ex: road rash, rug burn, skinned knees, etc.
Soft Tissue Injuries• Puncture wound
• Deep injury from object with small surface area• Ex: stepping on a nail
• Avulsion• Tearing away of tissue from the body• Ex: Losing the top of your finger or toe
• Blister• Small pocket of fluid within upper layers of skin• Caused by forcible rubbing/irritation
Joint Injuries• Dislocation
• Abnormal separation of 2 bones that meet in a joint area• Caused by direct trauma (impact or a fall)• Ex: hips, shoulder, ankle, toes, fingers, etc.
• Sprain• Fibers of ligament tear (located at joint)• Ligament tears can vary in severity • Most Common = ankle and wrist
• Turf Toe• Sprain of big toe ligaments (at the joint)• Caused by jamming big toe or forcefully pushing off of the ball of
the foot
Skeletal Injuries• Closed/simple fracture
• A bone fracture that does not break through the skin
• Incomplete fracture• Bone breaks, but not completely into 2 pieces
• Complete fracture• Fracture goes completely through the bone• (Divides one bone into 2 pieces)
• **Simple fractures can be complete or incomplete fractures
Skeletal Injuries• Compound/open fracture
• A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin
• Stress fracture• Caused from too much constant weight or pressure being placed
on the bone
• Avulsion fracture• A small piece of bone is completely broken off• Usually happens at site of ligament or tendon attachment
• Shin Splints• Too much stress placed on tibia (shin bone)• Tiny fractures combined with irritated, swollen muscles
Head Injuries• Concussion
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)• Caused by direct hit, fall, or even whiplash-like motion
• Concussions can be mild with minimal symptoms OR they can be severe with PERMANENT symptoms
Head Injuries• Concussion 101• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A
• Heads Up Football• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMFGk926Cj0
• E60 Unprotected: Need for Helmets in Girls Lacrosse
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ4tlOIo4A8
Video Clips• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QTCBrefXso
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp9TQA9gGt8
Tendon Injuries
*REMEMBER: Tendons connect muscle to bone!!
• Tendonitis• Tendonosis• Tendon Strain/Pull• Tendon Rupture
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