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BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL NEWS

VoL 10 No0 1 ISSN 00452963 November 1976

Published November, February, April and June each year by theBritish Columbia Historical Association, and distributed free tomembers of all affiliated societies by the secretaries of theirrespective societies. Subscription rate to nonmenbers $500 Can0per year, including postage, directly from the Editor, P0A Yandle,3450 West 20th Avenue, Vancouver B0C, V6S 1E40

NOTE SOCIETY SECRETARIES: Deadline for submissions is the 10th dayof each mon:h of issue. Please report any change of name andaddress directly to the Editor0

Executive 197677

Hon. Patron: Lieut-Gov Walter OwenHon0 President: Dr Margaret OrmsbyPresident: Mr A0 Slocornb, 1564 Oakcrest Dr0,

Victoria, B0C0 595-36561st Vice-Pres0: Mr Rex Tweed2nd Vice-Pres0: Mrs Winnifred WeirSecretary: Mrs Ruth Barnett, 680 Pinecrest Rd0,

Campbell River, V9W 3P30 287-Z397Recorcljncr Eec0: Mrs Arlene BramhaliEditors: Mr & Mrs Philip A0 YandleTreasurer: Mr Michael HalleranExecutive m.mbers: None elected this year

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Editofial 2

Minutes 3

Society Notes and Comments 5

Obituary 8

Jottings 9

B0C0 Books of Interest 11

Book Revies:The Enemy that Never Was, by K0 Adachi 11Historical Essays on B0C0, ed0 Friesen & Ralston 13A Pioneer Gént1ewoman in B9C. ed0 M, Ormsby 14The Crown in Canada., by F. McKinnon 16Waddington, by N. Shanks 17

The Lions Gate Bridge Part II, by J0 Stockdill 18

This volume of the News will feature ships of interest to B0C0The cover of this issue depicts the S& Princess Maguinna, andher Master, Capt. E0 Giiiam, She was a supply ship for the westcoast of .Vicouver Island and sailed through fair and foul weatherto earn the pet name of ‘Old Faithful. Design and illustrationby Robert Genn. (To those interested in more details seeNicholson’s Vancouver Island’s West Coast0)

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OBITUARY

It is with deep regret that the News notes the passing onSeptember 3rd of Joan Roff, long time member and supporter ofthe B.C. Historical Association. She was the wife of Jack RoffVice—President of the Association until last year. We wish toexpress our condolence to Jack and all members of his familyin their loss. Herewith follows a tribute to Mrs Roff by a veryclose friend, Doris Winterbottom:

The daughter of an old historical family — Joan Roff — will beremembered as a kind and most gracious person. She was born inSummerland, then came to Victoria to live, where she attendedSt. Margaret’s School and Strathcona at Shawnigan Lake. In thelate thirties she went to England and trained as a nurse at Guy’sHospital in London. Fate stepped in, she met Jack on the returntrip to B.C. and they were later married.

She was always interested in history and was on the Executiveof our Association for several years, convening or assisting inour social activities. We have never had such gracious andentertaining annual banquets as during these years; flowers andinteresting historical pictures were always featured, adding somuch to everyone’s enjoyment.

She was also a docent in the Vancouver Centennial Museum, andactively pursued historical facts pertaining to her ancestors,especially her great—grandfather, Sir Henry Crease, the firstAttorney General of B.C. She will be greatly missed by all of us.

Lee Straight, Vancouver Sun columnists has kindly consentedto allow the Niews to use extracts from his article, published onOctober 13th, on the passing of Roderick Haig—Brown:

What a great loss is the passing, last Saturday, of famousCampbell River author and conservationist Roderick L. Haig—Brownat the age of 68. It’s always a shock to see a tall, lean outdoorsman, busy one moment at a meeting, the next moment running a tractor on his modest estate, suddenly wilt under a heart seizure.It’s catastrophic to his admirers, not to mention his loved ones,to lose, still in his prime, a noted giant in resources conservation. Not to mention just his awesome horse—sense.

Haig—Brown is mourned by tens of thousands of us anglers,hunters, naturalists, yea, all lovers of the outdoors, particularlythose concerned about the many threats to wildlife from rampant,poorly planned development,.....

I was a budding outdoors reporter for The Sun when he invitedme to bring my wife, Joan, to his home, “Above Tide”, on my next“business trip” to Campbell River... . When I fished with Haig—Brownthat weekend back in 1947, I studied him carefully. Our man had athick wrist and strong, sure style. Haig—Brown’s accuracy with, andconfidence in, his flyrods were impressive..... I’ve always intended to invite Rod to fish with me again, since I’ve come to feel atleast proficient with most tackle. To my eternal sorrow, thechance has passed.

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CHAPMAN, B. Gateway to Victoria’s beaches:... Victoria, GreaterVictoria Environmental Center, Camosun Coil. 1976. 50 PP. $1.95.

CLOUDBURST 2; ed. by Vic Marks. Mayne Island, Cloudburst Press,1976.. 128 pp., illus.

CURTIS, Edward S. In the land of the head—huntersYonkers—on-Hudson, N.Y., World Book Co., 1915) Tamarack Press, 1975. $4.40.

CURTIS, Edward S. Indian days of long ago. (Yonkers-on—Hddson, N.Y.World Book Co.. 1915) Tamarack Press, 1975. 221 p. illus. $5.50.

DODSON, Suzanne & Earl & Iris Nowell. Cross—country skiing in B.C.Toronto, Greey de Pencier, 176. 79 pp.., ilius, $2.25.

FRASER, Esther. The Canadian Rockies; early travels and explorations. Edmonton, Hurtig, 1976. 252 pp. illus, $5.95.

KOZLOFF, Eugene N. Plants and. animals of the Pacific Northwest; anillustrated guide... Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1976. 280 pp. $17.5i

MASON, ELla C. Lasqueti Island history and memory. South Weliin.onAuthor, 1976. 102 pp. illus. $10.50.

MITCHELL, Malcolm. A touch of grey. Saanicht:on, Hancock House,1976. 48 pp. illus.. $2.95.

MOULD, Jack. Stumpfarnis and broadaxes. Saanichton, Hancock House,1.976. 148 pp. illus, $9.95.

PATERSON, T.W. B.C. shipwrecks... Langley, Stagecoach, 1976.208 pp.., illus. $11.95; $5.95 pap..r.

REID, William and Bill Hoim. Indian art of the Northwest coast...Vancouver, J..J. Douglas, 1976. 265 pp., illus. $22.50,

ROBIN, Martin. The bad and the lonely: seven stories of the bestand the worst.. Canadian outlaws, Toronto, Lorimer, 1976. $10.95..

SURTEES, Ursula. Building a winter dwelling.. . Kelowna, Lamont—Surtees, 1975. 26 pp. illus. $1.50.

TELFER, Leo. Rossland trails. Rossland, Cominco for Rosland Chainber of Commerce, 1975. 30 pp.., illus.

WALKER, Tommy A. Spatsizi. New Westminster, Nunaga, 1976. 212 pp.,illus. $10,

WOLFERSTAN, Bill. Pacific Yachting’s Cruising guide to the GulfIslands and Vancouver Island... Vancouver, IrLterpress Pubns Ltd.,1976. 190 pp.., illus. $24.

* * * * * * * * * *

BOOK REVIEWS

THE ENEMY THAT NEVER WAS: A HISTORY OF THE JAPANESE CANADIANS, byKen Adachi. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1976. vi, 456 pp.,illus. $14.95.

This book discusses two inter—related themes, the history ofthe Japanese community in Canada and the response of white societyto Japanese immigrants and their descendants. Although it spansthe years from 1877 to the present, the book focuses particularlyupon those from 1900 to 1950, during which time the Japanese putdown roots in British Columbia and faced the recurrent animosityof the province’s white majority. In particular it dwells upon theevacuation of 142 and the lengthy aftermath of the incident, anepisode which, in the author’s eyes, is the central fact of theJapanese experience in Canada.

That such a book is overdue there can he no denying. The lastsignificant book—length study of the Japanese Canadians was published almost thirty years ago.. Yet despite this obvious vacuum,

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divided between the two Vancouver plants. That is, if it ever cameto pass.

Taylor confided to Frank Ross the problems involved in Mr Eyre?sdeath, and the latter suggested that if some local money was to beput up, it would allow a little more time, and also might cause theBritish inveFtors to realize that Vancouver was interested in thebridge, no matter what the Federal Government was doing in thematter. Taylor didn’t want the public of Vancouver to put up anynancy, so Rosss idea of the twc steel companies taking shares inthe project seemed first class, Ultimately the Western Bridge Company put up $750,000 and Dominion BLidge agreed to put up $500,000,and Taylor was jubilant to see that the Englishmen were indeedimpressed.

As always happened, Taylo recovered his composure and sense ofvalues, but now, since the death of his old friend, he would wonderif all this verbal battling and waiting was really worth while.Everything seemed more of an effort. In September (1935) when thedate of the election was already known to be the next October 23rdboth he and Anderson were approached by various people with suggestions that they would be vise to contribute to the campaign fundsof the Liberal Party since they were likely to win the election,there being a rift in the Conservative ranks. Taylor said simply

“No — we are tired. We have no money for this. We are notgoing to align ourselves with any party.”

Suggestions turned tc demands, but they stood their ground.Taylor wired immcdiately to Anderson in Vancouver advising him tokeep away from all lawyers and iolitical heelers, and to talk to noone about the bridge.

Taylor’s depression over Lyre’s death, the subsequent dependence upon alien’ money, and the incredible sordidness of Canadianpolitics of that day, in which he now found himself nearlyembroiled, lasted through into October, when his outlook was lightened by the election of MacKenzie King and his Liberal Party. Thismeant, among other things, the seating of Ian MacKenzie, a memberfrom Vancouver, who had promised Vancouverites that, if elected, hewould get the bridge through. He was now Minister of NationalDefence.

• Taylor waited in England until he felt the new Government hadhad time to .etlle in, and then in late November arranged to meetAnderson in Ottawa. rrivirg in Canada he went to Montreal and,together with Morris Wilson of the Royal Bank and Mr Gundy, a bondexpert, he instituted the idea of Frank Ross that the steel companies take shares in the Bridge Company. Hi first call in Ottawawas with Major Moody, organizer for the Liberal Party, whomanswer to Taylor’s quer; as to who would have been responsible fordemanding funds for the Party, said rather emphatically that he hadno idea. The Liberal Party did not want funds of this sort, and todisbelieve anyone who said otherwise.

Taylor and Anderson visited four Cabinet Ministers, all of whomseemed quite friendly, but curiously vague and lacking in enthusiasm for the bridge project. Taylor sensed a sort of ‘get aroundto it some day’ attitude. rater in the day, as Taylor was restingin his hotel room, he received a visit from a Vancouver lawyer,known to have a somewhat unsavoury reputation, who said he was

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mentioned therein. The letter business’ caused a lot of confusion among Government ranks in Ottawa. Taylor knew neither Anderson nor he could do anything to help straighten things out. Theyjust had to wait, Bit not for long; on Dec.2lst he received thefollowing cable, from the Honorable Ian MacKenzie:

“OTTAWA, Dec.21, 1935 — AJTTAYLOR TECO PICCY LONDON WITH REFERENCE TO FIRST NARROWS BRIDGE NOW BEING CONSIDERED HERE I MUSTSTATE THAT ON ACCOUNT CF PREVALENT SUGGESTIONS OF IMPROPERRELATIONS AMONGST INTERESTED PARTIES I CANNOT SUPPORT ENDORSATIONOF THIS PROJECT UNTIL I HAVE FROM YOU MOST UNEQUIVOCAL ASSURANCETHAT BRITISH COMPANY OF THEIR REPRESENTATIVES IN CANADA HAVE NOTDIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ENTERED INTO ANY COMMITMENTS WHATSOEVERWITH ANY PERSON CORPORATION OR POLITICAL PARTY AND HAVE MADE NOFINANCIAL OR PROMOTIONAL PROMISES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER STOPI CANNOT SUPPORT THE PROJECT EXCEPT ON ITS MERITS AND ON THEDEFINITE ASSURANCE THAT THERE IS NOT THE LEAST SUGGESTION OFIMPROPRIETY OR SPECIAL NEGOTIATIONS IN THE WHOLE UNDERTAKING.”

Feeling that here was something on which he could act, Taylorreplied:

To: THE HON. IAN MACKiNZIE MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE OTTAWADec. 23, 1935. THANKS FOR CABLEGRAM WE ARE NOT OF COURSE IN ANYWAY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREVALENT SUGGESTIONS OF ANY IMPROPERRELATIONS AMONGST INTERESTED PARTIES OF WHICH YOU TELL ME STOPI NOW GIVE YOU MOST UNEQUIVOCAL ASSURANCE THAT THE COMPANYANXIOUSL AWAITING THE APPROVAL OF THE ORDER IN COUNCIL FOR THEFIRST NARROWS BRIDGE HAS NOT NEITHER HAS THEIR SOLE REPRESENTATIV2 IN CANADA MR ANDERSON DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ENTERED INTOANY COMMITMENS WHATSOEVER WIiH ANY PERSON CORPORATION OR POLITICAL PARTY AND.NEITHER HAVE THEY MADE ANY FINANCIAL OR PROMOTIONAL PROMISES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER STOP WE ACCEPT THE TERMSOF YOUR CABLEGRAM TO SUPDORT THE PROJECT ON ITS MERITS AND ONTHE DEFINITE STATEMENT THAT THERE IS NOT THE LEAST SUGGESTION ONOUR PART OF IMPROPRIETY OR SPECIAL NEGOTIATIONS IN THE WHOLEUNDERTAKING STOP WITH THIS REPLY WE HOPE WE MAY BE ASSURED OF YOURFRIENDLY COOPERATION IN A GREAT WORK FOR VANCOUVER STOP.

AJTTAYLORStill nothing happened. By Yebruary 1936 Taylor could stand the

strain no longer and returned t:o Ottawa, getting an appointmentwith the Prime Minister on the 27th. He took the precaution ofta”ing the following letter o introduction from Lord South—borough whom MacKenzie King knew well:

London, February 17th, 1936. Dear Prime Minister: We havefelt some anxiety at this end as to the delay in being able tomake progress after all this time with the bridge across theNarrows of Vancouver. It is really a very important matter. Nodoubt you are aware that a strong English group hRs :acquuied abig estate on the North Shore of the Narrows., and that a verylarge. sum of money is being expended upon its development, bothfor building purposes ead as a pleasure resort, golf course, etc.That there s:&ouid be means of access to and from the new developed estate across the Narrows by means of a bridge, is ofcourse self evident.

I gather that the briige will cost some four and a halfmillion dollars, and that these who are interested in the enterprise propose to place the work with Canadian Companies. The

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As the Prime Minister made no comment Taylor decided that itwould be a good time to tell him the ‘Mr V. story? , as it was soobviously tied in in some mysterious way to the matter of theletters found last November. MacKenzie King appeared to have someknowledge of the story already.

The third impression Taylor got during the interview was thatthe Prime Minister., and all present (the Hon. Ian MacKenzie andGrey Turgeon) were afraid that Bennett had knowledge or even copiesof the letters, or that Major Moodie, who was no longer with theParty organization, might use them in some way against the presentadministration. When this point came out Taylor realized that hecould do something positive here.

“Gentlemen, in view of the fact that my partner, John Ander’son, found and brought these letters to you — thus, so he was told —

rendering a service to the Government here he paused, to emphasize his hurt feelings: “in view of this fact, I will do what Ican for you”.

As soon as Taylor left the interview he started to work onhis assignment and by Monday, March 2nd, he had four affidavitsswearing as to the inaccuracy of certain sections of the letters.These he sent, by special messenger (the Hon. C.D. Howe) to thePrime Minister with an accompanying note.

Over thes.. weeks there was a fairly continuous stream, ofletters and cables between the Prime Minister, Lord Southboroughand. T’.yior, the Prime Minister obviously finding it difficuU tohelieve that he could trust Tiyio to tell his BritishdoIleagueseverything that he should. Lord Southhorough’s letters in replymade it quite clear that he and Taylor were in constant communication. Taylor recognized that MacKenzie King had huge responsibilities and that he felt that there was too much at stake here touse less thai the most extreme measures for security.

On March 5th (1936) Taylor flew to Vancouver to see how theBritish Pacific Properties were progressing, When he arrived hefound that all local opposition to the Bridge had gone. The threenewspapers were all on his side. He realized that if he could justthink, really think, he would be able to find the key to this whole‘mess’, afld everything would fall into place But would it fallinto place in time? The road through the park would have to go inbefore much work could be done on the bridge itself, and thatwould mean b±ascing, which, because of the fire hazard, couldn’t bedone much after the end of May. A delay now might mean anotheryear before the bridge could get underway.

Gradually the strain of the fight and the waiting, began totake its toll, and by the middle of March Taylor was confined tobed in his hotel room, with what the doctor diagnosed as threatenedpneuomnia. There he lay, fuming, and in his lucid moments, tryingto think how he could win his fight. Turning the whole problemover in his mind, he remembered that it wasn’t only his fightwhat of the peop’e of Vancouver? They surely had some rights inthe matter. They had asked for a bridge in 1933 — they now reallywanted one — what right had Ottawa, because of real or fanciedpolitical problems, to stand in Vancouver’s way? A mere headachewasn’t going to stop him now and, although it was after midnighthe put a phone call through to Gerry McGeer, fiery Mayor ofVancouver, who was also a Liberal Member of Parliament for

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was uncovered. Taylor had also prepared a rather dramatic littlefinale which he intended to read to Jennings after the essentialstory had been reported.

As Taylor finished the main part of his tale, another, unexpectedbut most welcome visitor arrived. The 1-lonourabie Ian MacKenzie,en route to Bermuda for a brief vacation, hearing of Taylor’sillness, called in at the Hotel to leave a message for the patient,and was invited up to the room. On seeing Taylor already had avisitor, the Minister hesitated, but Taylor, delighted to think hewould have an audience of two for his final statement, begged himto stay, as there was something he wanted to read to them:

Gentlemen: Mayor McGeer assures me that if we do not shut downour Vancouver work we will get approval of the First NarrowsBridge in the early days of the next session or in any eventfollowing a full Parliamentary inquiry; I asked for such aninquiry a month ago, now they speak of after April 20th. Ian ill. I am going home today, I will return in May for anyfull dress inquiry and welcome the opportunity.Now may I humbly submit to you both, as an ‘outsider’ unfamiliar with politics, my forecast as to what will happen to thevarious parties who will be involved in the inquiry:

1. The Liberal Government2. Tie Conservative Party3. The Hon. Mr T. and, very improbably Mr V.4. X5. The First Narrows Bridge Company — Anderson and

myself — British Pacific Securities.Then Taylor went on to outline the embarrassing questions that

would have to be answered on both sides of the House. He wentbriefly over the fate of Number 3 and then he said that he hadn’tyet thought what would happen to Number 4 and added “I reallydon’t care”. He continued:

“Number 5. We will all come out quite clean, weary and poorerby time and money spent. Sick o. our country’s politics. Acountry which in our own way we have tried to serve. We will begrantcd approval of the bridge in terms of our application ofJanuary 193q, two and a half years too late. We are faced withrapidly rising costs in both materials and labour. We may findthat other outlets have taken the money we had hoped to build thebridge with. A great injustice has been done to entirely, decentpeople. Canada’s credit will suffer again in London. The man intne street will once more be reminded that all is not well inOttawa.

This is a tragic comedy in a country that is, at this time,absolutely dependent upnn outside capital — almost bankrupt ofmen who are bigger than their own selfish interests. The story ofthe First Narrows Bridge is not over, but to date it marks one ofthe most astonishing chapters of crass stupidity that modern timesmay read: “How to prevent Englishmen investing their own money inCanada.”

Now Gentlemen: Thanks for listening so patiently Go yourseparate ways. I’m sailing fur home. If I were a friend of thePrime Minister or of Mr Bennett, I would urge each of them to think

twice before engaging us in a Parliamentary inquiry on the FirstNarrows Bridge.” 1

As Taylor’s audience sat in stunned silence there was aknock on the door and Blake Donaldson came in, He was properlyshocked to find yet another visitor with Taylor and after allowing them a few seconds for recovery, he ushered the two men outof the room, with a mixture of frieiidly bullying and professionalzeal. He then supervised Taylor’s transfer to the ship.

When Dr Docaldson had made certain that Taylor’s room stewardknew how to look after the patient, and had talked with the ship’sdoctor, he left. It had taken more out of Taylor than he hadexpected and, after cabling Mona to confirm the date and time ohis arrival at Southampton, he spent much of the five day tripdozing in his cabin, or, when the doctor would allow, in his deckchair, When he had the energy, he went over his notes of thehappenings of the last few years with the intention of producinga record of this incredible battle which, as far as he knew,was not yet over.

Mona and the three girls came out on the tender at Southamptonto meet Taylor and, as he looked at the happy expectant faces, hewas grateful that he had remembered to sent Harriet Donaldsonround the New York stores to buy dresses and hats for them.Only when he was alone with Mona did he allow his mask to dropand she realized how completely depressed and miserable he was.She knew the whole story as Lord Southborough had been in touchwith her almost daily, telling her of the developments in Ottawa.

Back in Canada the Prime Minister’s realization that theBridge Company was indeed honest may have been strengthened byTaylor’s posting of his $50,000 personal bond; or it may havebeen Ian MacKenzie’s knowledge of what would happen to theGovernment and the Opposition, that spurred MacKenzie King on,but whatever the reason, by Thursday, Api-il 29th, 1936, Vancouverheard that the Order—in—Council was through.

Almost the whole of the front page of the Sun, the paperthat had championed the Bridge Company throughout the long years,was devoted to the fact:

“NARROWS SPAN O.K.’d: TWO MILLION FOUR HUNDRED

THOUSAND DOLLAR PAYROLL BOOST -

Millions More for Materials

“VANCOUVER’S OWN COLOSSUS”

“WEST VANCOUVER FIVE MINUTES BY AUTO”

1. All names and facts are clearly identified in the originaldocument, the use of letters and any vagueness is, as hasbeen noted before, the writer’s own wish.

There were also, of course, a few digs about the delays:

“Last year . . the City Council were forced to give the

company a two year extension I

“Bridge could have been nearly finished by now . but for

Ottawa

And now all the newspapers showered praise on Taylor and

John Anderson:

“THE MEN WHO MADE IT POSSIBLE”

(his) faith in Native Land inspired British investors

to stake their wealth on projects he (Taylor) recommended.1

It was going to be a great year for Vancouver, this year of

its Golden Jubilee; they would have a new City Hall, and now a new

bridge as well. This surely would put Vancouver ‘on the map’

at last!

1. Roy Brown’s Editorial may be of interest to Vancouverites

today: “The First Narrows Bridge may be a little ahead of

its need. . .‘ Vancouver Sun, April 29, 1936.

THE EDITORS WISH ALL OUR READERS A VERY HAPPY CHRISTMAS

NEW YEAR

*****************

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