COL Michael M. Smith U.S. Special Operations Command INTERHANDS 2003

COL Michael M. SmithU.S. Special Operations Command

INTERHANDS2003

TOPICS

• How civil-military operations (CMO) are an integral part of HA/DR operations.

• The relationship amongst Civil Affairs (CA) and U.S., regional, international and non-governmental organizations.

TOPICS (ctd)

• How CMO supports HA/DR operations.

• How CMO promotes the integration of effort and helps minimize duplication of effort between US military and other organizations.

U.S. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS (CMO)

Establish

Maintain

Influence

Military Forces

TO ACHIEVE

U.S. Pol/Mil GOALS

GovernmentOrganizations

IO/NGO

Civil Populace

Relations With

CIVIL AFFAIRS (CA)

• Active and reserve forces and units organized and trained to support Civil Military Operations (CMO)

• Act through the application of CA functional specialty skills and general support

CIVIL AFFAIRS UNITS

• Regionally oriented– 350 CA Command - SOUTHCOM– 351 CA Command - PACOM– 352 CA Command - CENTCOM– 353 CA Command - EUCOM

• Tend To Be Rank Heavy

• Both Generalists and Specialists

CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERALISTS

• Work at the tactical or operational level

(large city or local region)

• One Active CA Battalion (Fort Bragg)

• 27 Reserve CA Battalions

• USSOUTHCOM & USARSO

• Immediate Contact Teams (DS Teams)

CIVIL AFFAIRS SPECIALISTS

• Work at the operational and strategic level (national or regional level)

• Reserve CA Brigades and Commands• Four Functional Areas:

– Public Facilities Functions– Government Functions– Special Functions– Economics and Commerce Functions

16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS:Government Functions &Public Facilities Functions

• International Law• Public

Administration• Public Education• Public Health• Public Safety

• Public Communications

• Public Transportation

• Public Works and Utilities

16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS:Special Functions &

Economics and Commerce• Civil Information• Cultural Relations• Dislocated Civilians• Emergency Services• Environmental

Management

• Food & Agriculture• Civilian Supply• Economic Development

TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS

• College Professors• Veterinarians• Doctors and Nurses• Business Owners

and Managers• Private &

Governmental Attorneys

• DOD Contractors• Electrical Power Plant

Workers• Telephone Company

Installers• State Emergency

Coordinators • Public Health Workers

TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS

• Farmers• Agriculture Experts• International Security

Specialists• Installation Managers• Engineers• Construction Workers

• Local, State, Federal Law Enforcement

• Corrections • Information

Technology Specialists

350TH CA COMMAND’S EXPERIENCES

• Hurricane Andrew (South Florida)

• Cuban migrant camps in Panama

• Hurricane Mitch

• Exercises/Medrete/Seminars

• Blazing Trails

• New Horizons

350TH CACOM’S HA/DR PROGRAM

• Team devoted to HA/DR program

• Cadre of 25 personnel

• Mainly Spanish speakers

• Members have regional knowledge

CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERAL TASKS

• Supporting

• Assisting

• Advising

• Coordinating

• Analyzing

• Informing

• Planning

• Preparing

• Training

CA RELATIONS WITH U.S., REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS• Based upon understanding mutual

objectives of relieving suffering, preventing loss of life and protection of property

• Long-term experience• CA works to develop relationships• CA can be a conduit for DOD support to

HA/DR organizations

RELATIONSHIPS DURING DISASTERS“The Fog of Relief”“The Fog of Relief”

UN Coord and

AgenciesUNICEF

WFPUNDP NGO

UNHCR

NGO

NGO

USG

Red Cross

ICRC

Affected CountryNeeds and

Requirements

NGO

Donor

OtherDonors

NGO

Donor

NGONGO

EFFECTIVERESPONSE ?

History

History

MILITARY & CIVILIAN RELATIONSHIPS

CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS

Perceptions & Methods

Perceptions & Methods

MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Civil Affairs

CIVIL AFFAIRS GOAL

CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS

Perceptions & Methods

Perceptions & Methods

MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

EFFECTIVE

RESPONSE

GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR

• Assess damages and needs to align with DOD ability to support

• Coordinate support with:– OFDA and other USGA– Affected Nation(s)– Regional Agency(s)– IO/NGOs

• Assist with and monitor CMO

GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR

• Coordinate military support

• Maintain records of response requests

• Acquire and disseminate information

• Minimize duplication of effort

• Plan transition to local authorities or other

bodies as appropriate

CIVIL AFFAIRS SUPPORTTO US AUTHORITIES

• Support SOUTHCOM CINC– Begins with Pre-disaster coordination,

planning, simulation– Disaster response

• Support U.S. Country Team– Operate with team at HCC/EOC/Embassy– Operate in the affected area

CIVIL AFFAIRS IN DISASTER RESPONSES

• Support Task Force Commander– Operate at HCC/EOC/Embassy/JTF HQTS– Operate in the affected area

• Support determined by the mission and SOUTHCOM CINC’s requirements for CA

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATION CENTER (CMOC)

• Used to assist as coordination center

• May be more than one

• J5 & CMOC operate in conjunction with HCC

• The CMOC does NOT control non-military agencies

CMOC

Military:

U.S. + ?

NGO

IO

PVO

ICRCUS Gov’t

Agencies

UN

Agencies

HN/Local

Populace

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION CENTER

(HOC)• National level “CMOC”

• Affected nation is in charge

• Both a tool and a process

• Separates the national EOC from the foreign supporters to facilitate coordination with minimum confusion

COMPOSITION OF A HOC

OTHERNATIONS

CEPREDENAC

CEDERA

ECDG REGIONALORG.

NGOsAND IOs

MSF

CARE

DOCTORS OF THE WORLD

SAVE THE CHILDREN

INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE

OTHER RELIEF AND BENEFIT ORGANIZATIONS

OCHA

UNUSGAGENCIES

OFDA/USAID

COUNTRY TEAMUS MILITARY

HOC

PAHO

HUMANITARIAN OPERATION CENTER

NATIONAL EOC

HCC STAFF

HCC DIRECTO R

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

NGO/IOs

OTHER COUNTRIES

OFDA M ILITARY GROUP

US COUNTRY TEAM

HC C

ROLE OF THE HCC

• INTERFACE

• LIASE

• COORDINATE

• INTEGRATE

• SYNCHRONIZE