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Cognitive Development of a Preschooler
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
• Preschool children are in Piaget’s Preoperational stage of cognitive development.
• Toddlers and preschoolers form attitudes about learning that can last a lifetime.
• Children learn from concrete (hands-on and tangible) evidence.
Egocentric
• Still think in terms of their own activities and their perceptions at the moment.
• Struggle with abstract terms.• Continue to learn through make-believe play• Learning that objects and words can be
symbols and represent an idea.• Limited view on ideas because these are
based on the child’s perceptions.
How Preschoolers Learn
• Children are inquisitive and ask many questions because they are curious and want to understand the world around them.
• Preschoolers learn by participation and involvement in everyday experiences.
Four and Five Year Olds
• Four Year Olds– Learn colors and shapes– Sort and identify the differences between
objects–Have an expanded vocabulary
• Five Year Olds–Begin problem solving
Reality and Fantasy
• Preschoolers can differentiate between reality and fantasy or make-believe.
• The imaginary life of kids is powerful and sways their perceptions of the real world until they master adult rationality and logic.
• Jean Piaget said that kids in the preoperational stage of cognitive growth use magical thinking until they learn the properties of physics and reality.
Cognitive Development Terms
• Conservation– Even though one property of an object
changes, the other properties remain the same.– Examples: • A ball of play-dough smashed into a pancake is
still the same even though it looks different• Liquid is the same amount even though it is
poured into differently shaped glasses.
Cognitive Development Terms
• Classification–Putting objects into sets based on common
traits.• Examples:–Cats and dogs– Toy blocks and toy trucks
Cognitive Development Terms
• Sorting:–Placing classified objects into smaller
groups based on how they are alike and different.
• Examples:– Sorting cats by color– Sorting blocks by size or shape
Cognitive Development Terms
• Seriation–Putting objects in a particular order based
on size, weight, etc.• Examples:– Lining crayons up in order from shortest to
longest.
Cognitive Development Terms
• Transformation– The change of an object from one state to
another.• Examples:–Popcorn kernel to popcorn–Bread dough to bread– Jell-O powder to Jell-O
Cognitive Development Terms
• Reversal–What can be done up can also be undone.
• Examples:–A sand castle can be built and knocked
down–A jacket can be zipped up and unzipped–A mistake can be made and fixed
Cognitive Learning Centers
• You will participate in six learning centers:–Conservation–Classification– Sorting– Seriation– Transformations–Reversal
• Fill out the worksheet and turn in before leaving class today.
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