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Climate RegionsClimate Regions
LatitudeLatitude►Factors that influence climate: elevation, Factors that influence climate: elevation,
ocean currents, size of land mass, winds…ocean currents, size of land mass, winds…►Latitude=most influential factor that affect Latitude=most influential factor that affect
climate type.climate type.►There are three latitude zones:There are three latitude zones:
Low Latitude- between 23 ½Low Latitude- between 23 ½° N and 23 ½ ° S ° N and 23 ½ ° S Mid Latitude- between 23 ½ Mid Latitude- between 23 ½ °N and 66 ° N °N and 66 ° N ANDAND
23 ½ 23 ½ ° S and 66 ° S° S and 66 ° S High Latitude- Poles; above 66 High Latitude- Poles; above 66 ° N ° N ANDAND
below 66 ° Sbelow 66 ° S
Important Lines of Important Lines of LatitudeLatitude
66° N
23 1/2 ° N
0 °
23 1/2 ° S
66° S
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Low Latitude ClimatesLow Latitude ClimatesLatitude Range
World Location Vegetation Seasons
Tropicalrainforest
10° S to 25 ° N Amazon basin, equatorial Africa, East Indies, from Sumatra to New Guinea
A canopy of tall trees with layers of shorter trees and plants underneath
Heavy rainfall in all months, no difference in seasons
Savanna15° to 25° N and S
India, Southeast Asia, West Africa, southern Africa, South America, north coast of Australia
Grasses, short trees
Warm year round, wet and dry seasons
Desert18° to 28° N and S, centered on Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Western North America (southwest U.S. southwest South America (Chili) north central Mexico, north Africa, southwest Africa, central Australia, north Asia (China, Mongolia)
Scattered vegetation; short grasses and shrubs, cacti
Warm or Cold, little to noprecipitation yearround
Mid-Latitude ClimatesMid-Latitude ClimatesLatitudeRange
World Location Vegetation Seasons/Rainfall
SteppeCentral areas ofcontinentsbetween 35° and 50° N
Western North America (Great Plains); Central South America, Central Africa (Sahel) (Patagonia) Eurasian interior (Kazakhstan)
Grassland, few trees
Low precipitation year round, hot summers, cold winters
Humidsubtropical
Southeast coast of continents between 20° and 40° N and S
Southeastern North America, Southeastern Asia, Southeastern Australia
Coniferous/Deciduous (Mixed) Forests and grassland
Warm, humid summer, and mild winters precipitation year round
Mediterranean30° to 50° N and S
The Mediterranean basin, west coasts of California, central Chile, South Africa, western/southern Australia
Shrubs, grasses, and mixed trees (Chaparral)
Long, hot, dry summers, and mild, rainy winters
Mid-Latitude ClimatesMid-Latitude ClimatesLatitudeLatitudeRangeRange
World LocationWorld Location VegetationVegetation Seasons/Seasons/RainfallRainfall
HumidHumidContinentalContinental
30 to 55 N and30 to 55 N andS, to 60 N inS, to 60 N inEuropeEurope
North central North America; North central North America; north central Asia (China); north central Asia (China); Korea; Japan; central and Korea; Japan; central and eastern Europeeastern Europe
Mixed coniferous and Mixed coniferous and deciduous forestdeciduous forest
Warm summer cold Warm summer cold winters, winters, moderate moderate rainfall rainfall throughout the throughout the yearyear
Marine-WestMarine-WestCoastCoast
30 to 60 N and S30 to 60 N and S West coast of N. America, west West coast of N. America, west coast of southern Chile, coast of southern Chile, and northwestern Europeand northwestern Europe
Mixed coniferous and Mixed coniferous and deciduous forestsdeciduous forests
Cool summers, Cool summers, mild winters, mild winters, high rainfall high rainfall year roundyear round
High Latitude ClimatesHigh Latitude ClimatesLatitude RangeLatitude Range World LocationWorld Location VegetationVegetation Seasons/Seasons/
RainfallRainfall
Sub arcticSub arctic
50° to 60° N50° to 60° N Northern North America Northern North America and Eurasiaand Eurasia
Coniferous forests - taigaConiferous forests - taiga Extremely cold Extremely cold winter, short, winter, short, cool summercool summer
ArcticArctic
60° to 70° N 60° to 70° N Northern North America Northern North America and Eurasia and Eurasia
Short grasses, mosses, Short grasses, mosses, lichenslichens
Extremely cold and Extremely cold and dry all yeardry all year
Other ClimatesOther ClimatesLatitudeLatitudeRangeRange
World LocationWorld Location VegetationVegetation Seasons/RainfallSeasons/Rainfall
HighlandHighland
Found all over Found all over the worldthe world
Mountain Ranges: Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Andes, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alps, etc.Rockies, Alps, etc.
Varies with elevation and Varies with elevation and location on mountain. location on mountain. Leeward side is drier Leeward side is drier with less vegetation. with less vegetation.
Windward side Windward side receives the most receives the most rainfall while rainfall while leeward side leeward side remains dry. remains dry.
Weather v. ClimateWeather v. Climate►ClimateClimate: the temperature and : the temperature and
precipitation in an area over a long precipitation in an area over a long period of time.period of time.
►WeatherWeather: the current temperature and : the current temperature and precipitation in an area.precipitation in an area.
Terms to KnowTerms to Know►Low LatitudeLow Latitude►Mid LatitudeMid Latitude►High LatitudeHigh Latitude►ConiferousConiferous►DeciduousDeciduous►Mixed ForestMixed Forest►ChaparralChaparral
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