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cleavagedelta
depositionerosion
extinct speciesfossilgas
glacier
Hardnessigneous
rocklava
liquid
lustermagmamatter
metamorphic rock
mineralpaleontolog
ist
nonmetallic mineral
river system
rock
rock cyclesand dunesediment
solid
sedimentary rockstreak
volcano
weathering metallic mineral
hardnesshardness
geologist
geologist
Person who studies rocks and minerals
cementing
cementing
When sediments are pressed together and
harden into rock
cementing
heat andpressureheat andpressure
weatheringweathering
weathering
melting
humus
humusThe decayed
remains of plants and animals
bedrock
bedrockUn-weathered rock that lies below the lowest layer of soil.
soil
soilLoose material that
covers much of Earth’s surface. Made up of rock,
minerals, and parts of once living
things
subsoil
subsoil
The layer of soil just below the
topsoil
topsoil
topsoil
The uppermost layer of soil.
elevation
elevationHow high something is
above sea level
The mountain has a much higher elevation
than the beach.
Piedmont
PiedmontAn area of rolling hills, rivers and stream, and
forests between the mountains and the
coast.
Georgia’s Piedmont has many hills and rivers.
estuary
estuarya place where freshwater
and saltwater mix
(This occurs where tides come up into coastal rivers and streams)
swampa wetland in which mostly trees
and other woody plants grow
(The Okefenokee Swamp is the largest freshwater swamp in
North America)
marsh
marsha wetland in which mostly
grasses and other soft-stem plants grow.
(Marshes can be saltwater or freshwater)
wetland
wetlandan area of low land covered by
water for most of the year
(wetlands are important because they soak up heavy
rain that might cause flooding and filter out harmful materials)
coast
coastwhere an ocean meets land
(The coast is full of very important plants and animals)
continental shelf
continental shelf
a gently sloping area of ocean bottom near shore
dune
dunea mound of sand formed
by wind and moving water
(Dunes are home to many species of plants and
animals)
barrier island
barrier island
a sandy strip of land offshore that protects the
mainland
sandbar
sandbar
a long ridge of sand in shallow water, usually close
to a beach
animal
animal
an organism that gets its energy by eating other
organisms
plant
plantan organism that gets its energy from the sun to make its own
food
non-living thing
something that is not alive and never has
been!
organism
environment
ecosystem
habitat
reefA ridge of rock on the ocean bottom where plants and animals
attach to the rock or swim around it and
hide.
organism
Plants, animals, and other living things.
mountain
mountain
An area of land with high elevation
adaptation
A body part or behavior that helps a living thing survive in
its environment.
body part
behaviorThe way a plant or animal
acts.
Carnivorous
plant
Carnivorous
plantA plant that gets some
of its nutrients by trapping and digesting insects and other small
animals.
Aquatic
animalAn animal that lives in a
water habitat
camouflageThe colorings,
markings, or other physical features of an
animal that help it blend with its surroundings.
hibernateTo go into a deep sleep
during cold months
migrate
migrateTo move to warmer regions during cold
months
mimicryAn adaptation that allows an animal to
protect itself by looking like another kind of
living thing
prey
Any animal that is hunted for food by another animal
talons
talonsCurved claws that help
a bird grab and hold prey
adaptation
camouflage
hibernate
mimicry
aquatic
animal
prey
environmental
conservation
environmental
conservationKeeping something in nature the way it is.
natural resources
•PLANTS•ANIMALS
•NON-LIVING THINGS
natural resourcesA material that is found in nature that is used
by living things.Can be above or below
ground.
renewable resources
• Plants •Animals
• Sun• Water
renewable resourcesA resource that can be
replaced quickly.
non-renewable resources• OIL
•COAL• SOIL
•METALS
non-renewable resourcesA resource that, when used up, will not exist again during a human
lifetime.
flood
floodA great flow of water
over normally dry land.
drought
droughtA long period of time
when there is very little rain or no rain at all.
biodegradable material
Matter that breaks down easily in the
environment.
hazardous waste
Waste that can pollute the environment even when it occurs in very
small amounts.
compostDecayed material from once-living things that is used to enrich soil.
decomposerA living thing that breaks down the remains of dead
organisms.
ecotourismTravel to natural
habitats that avoids harming them and
helps preserve these areas and the
organisms that live there.
litterTrash that is not
disposed of in a way that prevents harm to
ecosystems.
pollutant
A material that causes pollution.
pollution
The addition of harmful materials to the
environment.
recycle
recycleTo collect old materials, process them, and use
them to make new items.
pollution
compost
decomposer
ecotourism
pollutant
litter
biodegradable material
hazardous waste
attract
attract
To pull toward
magnetism
magnetism
A magnet’s ability to attract certain metals
lodestone
lodestone
A rock that is naturally magnetic and is found
at or near Earth’s surface.
repel
repel
Push away from
force
forceA push or a pull
magnet
magnetic poles
permanent magnet
temporary magnet
compass
magnetic field
conduction
conduction
The movement of heat within a solid or from one solid to another.
convection
convection
The way heat moves through liquids and
gases.
heat
heatThe flow of thermal energy from warmer
objects to cooler objects
radiation
radiation
The movement of energy by waves
solar energy
solar energy
Energy from the sun
temperature
temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
thermometer
thermometer
A tool that is used to measure temperature
conductor
friction
insulator
thermal energy
conductor
friction
insulator
thermal energy
InsulatorA material that does not allow heat to pass
through easily.
Keeps heat in or heat out.
Insulator
ConductorA material that
allows heat to pass through easily.
Conductor
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