CIVIL LIBERTIES 2nd -10th Amendments...• Civil War – Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus •...

CIVILLIBERTIES2nd-10thAmendments

•  IndividualRights•  DueProcessofLaw

2ndAmendment

•  AwellregulatedMili.a,beingnecessarytothesecurityofafreeState,therightofthepeopletokeepandbearArms,shallnotbeinfringed.

2ndAmendment

•  U.S.vMiller–1939•  Sawed-offshotguns,machineguns,&silencerscannotcross

statelineswithoutregisteringthemw/NaLonalTreasuryDept.TheCourtfoundnolinkbetweentheseextremeweaponsandthe2ndAmendment.

HomeandPersonalSecurity

•  3rdAmendment–NoQuarteringofSoldiers…soldiersarenotallowedtobehousedinpersonalhomeswithouttheowner’consent.

•  NeverbeenthesubjectofaSupremeCourtcase–ofliXlerelevancetoday

HomeandPersonalSecurity–4th

•  Rightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures.Nowarrantsshallbeissuedbutuponprobablecause,supportedbyOathoraffirma.on…

•  4thAmendment–OriginallywriXenbecausetheBriLshusedtoprovidea“WritofAssistance”asablanketsearchwarranttodowhateverhewants.

•  Safeinautomobiles?PolicePower?PromoteSafety?

4thAmendment

•  ProbableCause•  Floridav.J.L.–2000–anonymousLpthataMiamiteenhadagunonhim.Policefoundtheteenatabusstop,searchedhimandfoundthegun.

•  SupremeCourtfoundtheyviolatedthe4thAmendmentbecausetheyhadnowarrant.

4thAmendment

•  ExclusionaryRule:•  EvidencefoundfromanillegalsearchorseizureisEXCLUDEDfrombeingusedagainstyou.

ProbableCause

•  Nowarrantneededwhenthecrimeorevidenceisin“plainview”

•  Minnesotav.Carter–1999:PolicespoXedcocainebeingbaggedthroughanopenwindowandpromptlyarrestedthetwomen.

4thAmendment

•  DrugTesLng:CertainprivatecompaniesmayrequiredrugtesLng

•  CertaingovernmentcompaniesmayrequiredrugtesLng.Whichones??

•  VernoniaS.D.vActon–1995:Schoolsallowedtorequiretestsforstudentathletes.

4thAmendment

•  WireTapping,electroniceavesdropping,etc•  SupremeCourtsLllconsiderstheseasinvadingprivacy.

•  KatzvUnitedStates–1967:KatzusedapublicphonetotransmitgamblinginformaLonthattheFBItappedwithoutawarrant.SCsaidNo,No,No.

4thAmendment

•  PatriotAct•  Ajer9/11theFederalGovernmentrelaxedtheenforcementofthe4thamendmentinbroadlyreachingcircumstancesundertheassumpLonthatitwouldhelpthemlocateterroristsintheU.S.

SuspendtheBillofRights??Whatdoyouthink–discussionplease.

•  Thosewhowouldgiveupessen.allibertytoobtainaliOletemporarysafetydeserveneitherlibertynorsafety.–BenFranklin

•  HistoryteachesusthatgravethreatstolibertyoQencomein.mesofemergency,whencons.tu.onalrightsseemtooextravaganttoendure.–SCJusLceThurgoodMarshall

•  CivilWar–Lincolnsuspendswritofhabeascorpus•  1917–Wilson’sSediLonAct•  WWII–InternmentCamps

RIGHTSOFTHEACCUSED

•  5thAmendment-Careful,it’squitelong…•  Nopersonshallbeheldtoanswerforacapitalorotherwiseinfamouscrime,unlessonapresentmentorindictmentofaGrandJury,exceptincasesarisinginthelandornavalforces,orintheMili.a,wheninactualservicein.meofWarorpublicdanger;norshallanypersonbesubjectforthesameoffencetobetwiceputinjeopardyoflifeandlimb;BREATHE!

5thAmendment

•  …norshallbecompelledinanycriminalcasetobeawitnessagainsthimself,norbedeprivedoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;norshallprivatepropertybetakenforpublicuse,withoutjustcompensa.on.…………………………….HUH???

5thAmendment

•  Breakitdownnow…

•  First:Everyonecommimngacapitalcrime,unlessinthemilitary,cananswertoagrandjury-apreliminaryhearingtomakesurethereisenoughevidenceforcourt

5thAmendment

•  Next:DoubleJeopardy–someonecannotstandtrialtwiceforthesamecrime,ifacquiXed(notguilty)

•  Theycanfacecriminalandciviltrialsforthesamecrimeà

•  Ortheycanfacethesamechargesinstateorfederalcourt

5thAmendment

•  Finally:YoudonothavetotesLfyagainstyourselformenLonanyevidencethatmightincriminateyouwhentesLfyingorunderofficialquesLoning.ProsecuLonHASTOprovethecaseagainstyou.

DUEPROCESS

•  DUEPROCESS•  5thAmendment-Nopersonshallbe…deprivedoflife,liberty,orpropertywithoutdueprocessoflaw….

•  14thAmendment-AllpersonsbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttothejurisdicLonthereofareciLzens.Nostateshalldepriveanypersonoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw.NordenyanypersonequalprotecLonofthelaw.

•  ExamplesPlease…

DUEPROCESS

•  Inwhateveritdoes,thegovernmentmustactfairlyandinaccordwithestablishedrules.Itmaynotactunfairly,arbitrarily,orunreasonably.

DUEPROCESSEXAMPLE…

•  ROCHINVS.CALIFORNIA•  PoliceillegallyforcedtheirwayintoRochin’shouse.HefurLvelyswalloweddrugsandtheyapprehendedhim.

•  TheyforciblypumpedhisstomachsuspecLngdrugsandfoundthem.

•  Supremecourtfoundthatthepoliceviolateddueprocess.

ProceduralDueProcess

•  Relatestohowthegovernmentgoesaboutenforcingdueprocess.

ProceduralDueProcess

•  MirandaRights–1966•  Claimedhedidnotknowhehadthe“right”toanaXorney.

•  Gov’tchangedthelawtoalwaysincludetheserights.

SubstanLveDueProcess

•  Relatestotheestablishment/enforcingoflawsthatdiametricallyopposethebillofrightsorconsLtuLonallaws.

DueProcessandPrivacy

•  Inthelastfewdecades,governmentsstartedlookingatDueProcessandhowitrelatestogroupsofpeople–notjustindividuals.

•  Ideaslikemarriagerights,andaborLonrightsaresLllsomeofthemostimportantissuestopeopletoday.

•  SupremeCourtsaid14thamendment’srighttoprivacy“encompassesawoman’sdecision…”

6thAmendment

•  CliffsNotesVersion-•  Youhavetherightto:•  Aspeedyandpublictrial•  ImparLaljury•  Trialinthestateanddistrictofthecrime•  InformedofthenatureoftheaccusaLon•  Confrontthewitnessesagainstyou•  Assistanceofalawyertohelpyou

6thAmendment

•  SpeedyTrial…•  Thetrialmustcommencewithin100daysofyourarrest.

6thAmendment

•  ImparKalJury…•  AdefendantisguaranteedtherighttoanimparKaljury.ThisallowsaNorneystoquesKonpotenKaljurors.

•  IfthedefenseisconcernedwithimparKality,theycanrequestachangeofvenue.

6thAmendment

•  Righttoanadequatedefense(assistancewithalawyer)

•  YouhavetherighttospeakwithalawyerbeforeanyquesLoningbegins.Inacourtoflaworevenfromthepolice.

•  Ifyoucannotaffordone,thefederal/state/localgovernmentwillprovideyouwithone.

6thAmendment

• MIRANDARIGHTS…•  Youhavetherighttoremainsilent.Anythingyousayordo

canandwillbeheldagainstyouinthecourtoflaw.Youhavetherighttospeaktoana;orney.Ifyoucannotaffordana;orney,onewillbeappointedforyou.Doyouunderstandtheserightsastheyhavebeenreadtoyou?

6thAmendment

•  Mirandav.Arizona–1966•  CourtswouldnolongerupholdANYCONVICTIONSinwhichsuspectshadnotbeentoldoftheirconsLtuLonalrightsbeforequesLoningbegan.

SAY WHAT??

•  WhyisthegovernmentinterestedinpayingfordefenseaXorneys?

•  Why,ifdirectlyaskedwhenonthestand,doyounothavetoadmittoacrime?

7thAmendment

•  Intrialswherethevalueisdeterminedtobeover$20,therighttoatrialbyjuryshallbepreserved.

8thAmendment

•  Excessivebailshallnotberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentinflicted.

PunishmentTerms

•  _____isthesumofmoneythatasuspectmayberequiredtopostasaguaranteethathe/shewillappearincourt.

•  ProtecLveDetenLoniswhenajudgecanorderasuspecttoremainincarceratedwhenthereisreasontobelieveanothercrimewilloccur

•  __________ispunishmentbydeath•  _____issabotageorlevyingwaragainsttheU.S.

9thAmendment

•  DefiniLon:PeoplehavemorerightsandliberLesthanthosespecificallylistedinthe1st8amendments.So,justbecausealibertyisnotlisted,doesnotmeanthegov’tcantakeitaway.

•  Ex:Peoplearenolongerallowedtowalkbackwards.OR,younolongerhavethefreedomtochooseyourownTVchannels.

10thAmendment

•  ThespecificpowersnotgiventotheUSFederalGov’tbytheConsLtuLon,norprohibitedbyTheConst.totheStates,arereservedfortheStatesorthepeople.

•  ThiswasplacedintheB.O.R.totryandlimitthepowersofastrongcentralgov’t.

•  IsthisamendmentsLllcloselyfollowed?

PrisonSystems

•  1980-PrisonpopulaLonskyrockets

ImprisonmentintheUSA

•  Highestpercentageofprisonersintheworld

CapitalPunishment

•  Oregon-Has32inmatesondeathrow•  Since1976–Only2peopleexecuted•  LethalInjecLonistheonlyprescribedmethodinOregon

CapitalPunishmentinU.S.

•  Red-sLllused•  Blue-nodeathpenalty•  Green/Orange-sLllthelawbutnotused

CapitalPunishment

•  CapitalPunishment–TheWorld

PolicePower•  PolicePoweristheauthorityofeachstatetoregulatebehaviorandpromotethepublichealth,safety,morals,andgeneralwelfare.

•  Manyproblemsarisebetweenneedsof“society”andindividualfreedoms.

•  LawsRESERVEDforthestates,notsupposedtobeFederal

PromoteHealth

•  RegulatepolluLon,salesofalcohol,tobacco,etc.

PromoteSafety

•  Regulateconcealedweapons,requireseatbelts,punishdrunkdrivers,etc.

RegulateMorals

•  Statescanregulategambling,obscenematerials,prosLtuLon,drugs,etc.

SameSexMarriageStates

June26,2015,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateslegalizedsame-sexmarriageinadecisionthatappliesnaLonwide,thismapshowsstatesthathadbanneditinonewayoranother–SupremacyClause?

FreedomandSecurityofthePerson

•  13th,2nd,3rd,4thAmendments

Slavery

•  13thAmendmentendedslaveryin1865•  Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude…shallexistwithintheU.S.oranyplacesubjecttotheirjurisdic.on

Slavery

•  WhenthegovernmentoutlawedslaveryitfeltitdidnothavetheauthoritytooutlawdiscriminaLon.

•  DiscriminaLonconLnuedunLlthe1960/70’s.WhenthesupremebeganrejecLngdiscriminatorypracLces.

REDLINING

•  Jonesv.Mayer–1968•  Mayerwouldn’tsellJones(AfricanAmerican)ahouse.

•  S.C.heldthat13thAmendmentalsoabolished“thebadgesandincidents”ofslavery