Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview

Chemistry of Organic Molecules

3.1 Organic molecules overview

What are organic molecules? All contain ___________ Four types of organic molecules

Why is carbon ubiquitous in organic molecules? Stable structure

6 electrons ____ number of bonds

it can form Single, double, triple

bonds Forms long chains

How are long chains formed? Dehydration synthesis

Monomer + monomer __________ + H20

Hydrolysis __________ + H20

monomer + monomer

What are functional groups? Can be

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Isomers

3.2 Carbohydrates

What is a carbohydrate? (CH2O)n

Common energy source 4.3 kcal/mol

Name ends in –ose Hydrophilic Straight chain or ring

What are mono- and disaccharides? Monosaccharides

glucose Fructose Ribose deoxyribose

Disaccharides Maltose Sucrose

What are polysaccharides? Joining of three or more

monosaccharides via ______ Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin,

peptidoglycan

3.3 Lipids

What are lipids? Common energy store

~ 9 kcal/mol Long chains of C and H Hydrophobic Several types

Triglycerides Phospholipids Waxes Steroids

What are triglycerides? Fats and oils Contain

Glycerol Fatty acids (contains carboxyl group)

Two types Saturated Unsaturated

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated Complete

number of ___ Unsaturated

Contains double bonds

Contains fewer ____

Transfats AKA partially

hydrogenated fats

What are phospholipids? Amphiphilic Create cell membrane Similar to triglycerides as they contain

Glycerol Phosphate group Two fatty acids

What are waxes? Long chain fatty acids bonded to long-chain alcohols Solid at room temp

What are steroids? Four-ring lipids Cholesterol is base molecule

Basis for many sex hormones

3.4 Proteins

What are proteins? Perform many

functions Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion

Long chains of _____________

What are amino acids? Common structure 20 common kinds

hydrophobic, hydrophilic Joined together via ________ to make polypeptides Peptide bond

What are the shapes of proteins? Shape determines

________ Four levels of

structure Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

What are some other properties of proteins? Fibrous proteins

Structural hydrophobic

Globular proteins Enzymes Hydrophilic

Chaperone proteins Prions?

Denaturation pH Heat

3.5 Nucleic Acids

What are nucleic acids? Long chains of _________

Three components in nucleotides DNA RNA ATP

What is the structure of DNA? Double helix

Deoxyribose Nucleotides joined via

_______ Sugar-phosphate backbone

Purines vs. pyrimidines Joined via hydrogen bonds

What is the structure of RNA? Single stranded Ribose Sugar-phosphate backbone

What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate Unstable P bond Energy molecule

Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview

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