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8/23/2019 CHEMISTRY 2005 for students.ppt
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CHEMISTRY5070
GCE Ordinary Level/School
Certificate
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Nomenclature
The traditional names sulfate, sulfite,nitrate, nitrite, sulfurous and nitrous acids
will be used in question papers.
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Examples:-
Na2SO4 sodium sulfate NaNO3 sodium nitrate
Na2SO3 sodium sulfite NaNO2 sodium nitrite
Na2S sodium sulfideKCl potssium chloride
Na3N sodium nitride
H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO3 sulfurous HNO2 nitrous acid
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Nomenclature (continued)
It is intended that, in order to
avoid difficulties arising out ofthe use of l as the symbol for
litre, use of dm3 in place of l or
litre will be used.
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Nomenclature (continued)
In chemistry, fullstructuralformulae
(displayed formulae) in answers should
show in detail both the relative placing
of atoms and the number of bondsbetween atoms. HenceCONH2andCO2H are notsatisfactoryas full
structural formulae.
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H
H
H
C
H
H
CC O
O
H
propanoic acid
H
H
H
C
H
H
CO2HC
propanoic acid
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Units, significant figures
Candidates should be aware that misuse ofunits and/or significant figures, i.e.
failure to quote units where necessary
inclusion of units in quantities defined asratios
quoting answers to an inappropriate number
of significant figures, is liable to bepenalised.
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SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
Candidates are required to enter for Papers
1, 2 and either Paper 3 or Paper 4.
Paper Type of paper Duration Marks
1 Multiple Choice 1 hour 40
2 Theory 1 hour 30 minutes 75
4 Alternative to
practical
1 hour 30
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN
CHEMISTRY PAPERS
1. Define (the term(s)...) is intended
literally. Only a formal statement
or equivalent paraphrase beingrequired.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
2. What do you understand by/What is
meant by (the term(s)...) normally implies that
a definition should be given, together with
some relevant comment on the significance or
context of the term(s) concerned, especially
where two or more terms are included in the
question. The amount of supplementarycomment intended should be interpreted in the
light of the indicated mark value.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
3. State implies a concise answer with
little or no supporting argument, e.g. a
numerical answer that can be obtainedby inspection.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
4. Listrequires a number of points,
generally each of one word, with no
elaboration. Where a given number of
points is specified, this should not be
exceeded.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
5. Explain may imply reasoning or some
reference to theory, depending on the
context.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)
6. Describe requires candidates to state inwords (using diagrams where appropriate)
the main points of the topic. It is often
used with reference either to particularphenomena or to particular experiments.
In the former instance, the term usually
implies that the answer should includereference to (visual) observations
associated with the phenomena.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
In other contexts, describe and give an
account of should be interpreted more
generally, i.e. the candidate has greaterdiscretion about the nature and the
organisation of the material to be
included in the answer.Describe and explain may be coupled
in a similar way to state and explain.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
7. Discuss requires candidates to give a
critical account of the points involved
in the topic.
8. Outline implies brevity, i.e. restricting
the answer to giving essentials.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
9. Predict or deduce implies that the
candidate is not expected to produce the
required answer by recall but by making
a logical connection between other
pieces of information. Such information
may be wholly given in the question ormay depend on answers extracted in an
early part of the question.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
10. Commentis intended as an open-ended
instruction, inviting candidates to recall
or infer points of interest relevant to the
context of the question, taking account
of the number of marks available.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
11. Suggestis used in two main contexts, i.e.
either to imply that there is no unique
answer (e.g. in chemistry, two or more
substances may satisfy the given conditions
describing an unknown), or to imply thatcandidates are expected to apply their
general knowledge to a novel situation,one that may be formally not in thesyllabus.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
12.Findis a general term that may variously
be interpreted as calculate, measure,
determine etc.
13. Calculate is used when a numerical
answer is required. In general, working
should be shown, especially where two
or more steps are involved.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
14.Measure implies that the quantity
concerned can be directly obtained
from a suitable measuring instrument,e.g. length, using a rule, or angle, using
a protractor.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
15.Determine often implies that the
quantity concerned cannot be measured
directly but is obtained by calculation,substituting measured or known values
of other quantities into a standard
formula, e.g. relative molecular mass.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
16.Estimate implies a reasoned order of
magnitude statement or calculation of
the quantity concerned, making suchsimplifying assumptions as may be
necessary about points of principle and
about the values of quantities nototherwise included in the question.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
17. Sketch, when applied to graph work,
implies that the shape and/or position of
the curve need only be qualitativelycorrect, but candidates should be aware
that, depending on the context, some
quantitative aspects may be looked for,e.g. passing through the origin, having an
intercept, asymptote or discontinuity at a
particular value.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
In diagrams, sketch implies that a
simple, freehand drawing is acceptable:
nevertheless, care should be taken overproportions and the clear exposition of
important details.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
(continued)
18. Constructis often used in relation to
chemical equations where a candidate
is expected to write a balanced equation,not by factual recall but by analogy or
by using information in the question.
Recommended