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CHEMICAL HAZARD & SAFETY
THE BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFY CHEMICAL HAZARD
The hazard of a chemical needs to be classified for the safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic chemicals & hazardous wastes
WHY CLASSIFY THE HAZARD?
Rapid determination of the hazardous substance present and the evaluation of the potential threat to people and the environment;
Determine actions that are needed to isolate the hazardous substance and prevent injury or death;
To prepare for safe transportation to storage area or disposal facility; and
Identify the best place for disposal of the toxic and hazardous waste.
BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION Use of qualitative analysis to
classify hazard into one of 9 Categories
The 9 Categories are those used internationally on Placards
Identify the toxicity or toxicological properties of the toxic hazardous wastes
9 HAZARD CATEGORIES
Class 1 - Explosives Class 2 – Flammable Gases Class 3 – Flammable/Combustible Liquids Class 4 – Flam. Solids/Dangerous When
Wet Class 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Class 6 – Toxic Materials/Infectious
Substance Class 7 – Radioactive Materials Class 8 – Corrosive Materials Class 9 - Miscellaneous
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS
Common Chemical Terms:Product: Unused chemicals with known
characteristics. Provided in Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)Non-Product: Used chemical (spent), or Wasted into unknown situations, or When mixed with other unknown wastes,
no longer has known characteristics. It is now a hazardous waste
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)
Hazardous Substances: Any hazardous chemical elements or compounds or hazardous wastes or a combination of the above.
Physical Properties:• Color• Physical State: liquid, solid, or
gaseous
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)
Chemical Characteristics:• Acid/Base (pH)
–Burns skin, corrodes metal• Flammability/Combustibility
–Fire–Explosion
• Reactivity–Air, water, moisture, with other
materials
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)
• Water Solubility– Water pollution
• Flash Point– Vapor ignite at certain
temperature• Boiling Point
– Indication of physical state– Vapor concentration at given
temperature
SUMMARY
• Classify the toxic hazardous wastes for:
– Protection of human health• Workers, people, food
– Protection of the environment• Water, vegetation, air, soil
– Safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic hazardous wastes
SEGREGATION AND SEPARATION OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
WHY SEGREGATE AND SEPARATE?
• Safety– Transportation (trucks, rail boxes)– Shipping– Storage (warehouse, storerooms, temporary
indoors or outdoor areas)• Reduce hazardous & toxic materials’ harm
– To citizens– To environment– To workers
• International system apply (GHS)
Segregation & Separation Using International Labels
• Separated & segregated based on IWIC, ICAO or similar systems
• Labels: found on “small things” - packages– Labels look like Placards, except
• Labels are smaller (1/3 the size of Placards)• Labels are on boxes, cylinders, drums and
bottles– Labels indicate the hazard the same as those in
the Placards• Placards are on trucks, rail cars – “big things”
Segregation of Hazards
• Concept: Do not place one hazard in the same place as another hazard
• Example: flammable with toxic gas
The Segregation & Separation Chart
Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent
Reaction
Group 1-A Group 1-B
Acetylene Acid Sludge
Alkaline Caustic Liquids Acid Water
Alkaline Cleaners Battery Acid
Alkaline Acidic Liquids Chemical Cleaners
Caustic Waste Water Etching Acid Solutions
Lime Sludge Picking Liquor
Lime Waste Water Spent Acid Solutions
Spent Caustics Acid Materials
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Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent
Reaction
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Group 2-A Group 2-B
Aluminum
Any Waste in Group 1-A
or 1-B
Beryllium
Calcium
Lithium
Potassium
Sodium
Zinc Powder
Reactive Metals
Metal Hydrides
Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, Heat & Toxic
Gases
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Group 3-A Group 3-B
Alcohols Any concentrated wastes
Water From Groups 1-A or 1-B
Any compounds Sodium Metal
containing water Calcium Metal
Lithium Metal
Potassium Metal
Metal Hydrides
SO2Cl2+ SOCl2+ PCl2
Water Reactive Wastes
Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent
ReactionGroup 4-A Group 4-B
Alcohols Concentrated Group 1-A
Aldehydes Or with Group 1-B
Chlorinated Solvents
Nitrated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons Group 2-A
Organic Solvents
Gasoline, Diesels, Fuels
Petroleum ProductsInco
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Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) gas
or Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas
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Group 5-A Group 5-B
Spent Cyanide Solutions
Group 1-B Wastes
Spent Sulfide Solutions
Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, or Violent Reactions
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Group 6-A Group 6-B
Chlorates Acetic Acid
Chlorine Organic Acids
Chlorites Mineral Acids
Chromic Acid Group 2-A wastes
Hypochlorites Group 4-A wastes
Nitrates Flammable Wastes
Nitric Acid Combustible wastes
Perchlorates
Permaganates
Peroxides
Strong Oxidizers
Storage Recommendation Segregation/ Separation
Compressed Gas CylinderStorage Area
Flammable Gas Cylinder
Non Flammable Gas Cylinder
Flammable Storage Area
Corrosive Storage Area
Radioactive Storage Area
Poison Storage Area
Oxidizer Storage Area
Etiological/Infectious
Water Reactive AreaOrganic Peroxide Storage Area
Spontaneously CombustibleDangerous When Wet
Explosive Storage Area
Low Hazard Storage Area
Unlabeled low hazard materials (e.g., combustible lubricant or oil) and certain labeled low hazard materials (e.g., lime, label ORM-B) may be stored in a general purpose facility or area
Additional Storage Recommendation Material with more than one hazard (e.g., flammable and
poison) should be stored in an area designed to store both types of hazard.
Compressed gas cylinders are preferably stored out of doors, protected from the ground beneath and direct sunlight.
Separation/ segregation should e by physical means (walls) where possible.
Other regulated materials (ORM) should be stored in an area designated for primary hazard of the material (e.g., flammable aerosol, ORM-D, should stored as a flammable liquid).
Storage area must meet standard requirements for the hazard.
Mixing of Incompatible Chemicals can be DisastrousIncompatible Mixtures
Procedures
Ammonia + Bleach = Noxious FumesAcids +Cyanides = Poison GasFlammable liquid +Hydrogen Peroxide = Fire/ExplosionAcid + Oil or Grease = FireMEKP+ Any Contamination = Heat/GassingAcids + Caustics = Heat/SpatteringCaustics + Epoxies = Extreme HeatChloride Gas + Acetylene = Explosion
The consequence of these reaction may result in personal injury, death, property damage, and adverse environmental impact.
Avoid mixing incompatible chemicals Separate/ segregate incompatible chemicals When in doubt, consult supervisor.
Flammable Liquid
Flammable material can: Burn rapidly Give off intense heat Produce heavy smoke Spread rapidly to other areas.
Some chemicals evaporates making the work area unsafe…flammable
Evaporation is increased by elevated temperatures.
Corrosive Some chemicals will
breakdown into corrosive/ poisonous gases/fumes
Applies to hazardous materials labeled: TOXIC, POISON, RADIOACTIVE, ETIOLOGIC AGENTS and others.
Corrosive materials can burn your skin eyes.
Toxic/Poison
Principal Hazards Poisoning Fire Environmental
contamination
Fumes, vapors and dust pass quickly into the bloodstream from the lungs
Explosive Some chemicals will
EXPLODE in the presence of heat or flame.
Hazardous materials such as Flammable Liquids and Compressed Gasses can react like explosive materials.
Water Reactive Spontaneously Combustible
Flammable solid include water-reactive and spontaneously combustible materials.
Water-reactive materials are likely to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gasses when in contact with water.
Spontaneously combustible materials are likely to burn
Thank You !!!
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