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Chemical Compounds in Living Things
Biology- Organic Chemistry
Objectives Identify the five most abundant
elements in living things. Compare organic and inorganic
compounds. Describe the properties that make
carbon unique.
Structure of the Atom
Proton p+
Electron e-
Neutron n0
(Nucleus- p+ and n0)
Chemical Compounds in Living Things
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus (HONCP) make up practically all the chemical compounds in living things.
CHOPKINS CaFe has Mg & NaCl (salt) Two groups of compounds
»organic (contain carbon) biotic
» inorganic (everything else) abiotic
Water
Human Body–Mostly water (2/3-3/4)
H2O
–Why: Water carries nutrients, oxygen,carbon dioxide,waste through body in solution.
Carbon
Organic–living
Use: Covalent bond with other carbons to form many types of structures.
Carbohydrates Examples
– Sugars– Starch– Glycogen– Cellulose– Composed of:
C:H:O 1:2:1 ratio
Use: for energy
Lipids Examples
– Fat– Wax – Oil– Composed of:
C:H:O-but less O than carbohydrates
– Use: Insulation (warmth), energy storage, makes up cell membrane.
Proteins Examples
– Meat– Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts)– Composed of:
C:H:O:N Use: muscle contraction, transport
oxygen, provides immunity, carry out chemical reactions (enzymes and hormones).
Nucleic Acids Examples
–DNA–RNA–Composed of:–H:O:N:C+Phosphorus
DNA use: carry out genetic code RNA use: instruct the cell to
make proteins.
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