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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (5): 218-224
ISSN 2320-7078 JEZS 2014; 2 (5): 218-224 © 2014 JEZS Received: 19-08-2014 Accepted: 09-09-2014
Tahsinur Rahman Shihan
Junior Wildlife Researcher,
Monitoring and Conservation of
Wildlife in Kaptai National Park
of Bangladesh Project. Belgachi
Eidgahpara, Chuadanga,
Bangladesh. Department of
zoology, Savar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
Correspondence:
Tahsinur Rahman Shihan
Junior Wildlife Researcher,
Monitoring and Conservation of
Wildlife in Kaptai National Park
of Bangladesh Project. Belgachi
Eidgahpara, Chuadanga,
Bangladesh. Department of
zoology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
Checklist of butterflies of Chuadanga District,
Bangladesh
Tahsinur Rahman Shihan Abstract A study was conducted in Chuadanga district during November 2011 to April 2014 to investigate the
butterfly diversity. A total of 49 species of butterflies belonging to six families were recorded for the first
time. The family Nymphalidae was found to be dominant with 17 species followed by Lycaenidae (10
species), Hesperiidae (10 species), Pieridae (06 species), Papilionidae (05 species) and Riodinidae (01
species).
Keywords: Butterfly, Chuadanga, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Hesperiidae
1. Introduction Chuadanga district is an important habitat for butterflies with many fruit gardens, agricultural
fields, homestead vegetation, flower garden, weeds, wild herbs and shrubs contain huge number
of varieties include apang (Achyranthes aspera), khejur (Phoenix sylvestris), helencha
(Alternanthera philoxeroides), kata note (Amaranthus sp.), shoti (Curcuma zedoaria), durba
(Cynodon dactylon), shon (Imperata cylindrica), dhani ghas (Panicum repens), dhan (Oryza
sativa), akondo (Calotropis procera), porgacha (Dendrophthoe sp.), dadmordon (Glycosmis
pentaphylla), lantan (Lantana camara), lojjaboti (Mimosa pudica), reri (Ricinus communis); bel
(Aegle marmelos), kamranga (Averrhoa carambola), bans (Bambusa arundinacea), shimul
(Bombax ceiba), tal (Borassus flabellifer), shonalu (Cassia fistula), lebu (Citrus aurantifolia),
batabi lebu (Citrus grandis), narkel (Cocos nucifera), am (Mangifera indica), kul (Ziziphus
mauritiana), is warmful (Aristolochia indica), bonalu (Dioscorea bulbifera) whose leaves act as
larval food for different species of butterflies [1, 2]. Butterflies of Chuadanga district have not
been documented. The objective of this study is to identify butterflies and to contribute the
butterfly checklist of Bangladesh with established a permanent database. Butterflies are natural
pollinators and potentially useful ecological indicators of urbanization and forest health because
they are ready surveyed, and they are sensitive to changes in microclimate, temperature, solar
radiation, and the availability of host plants for ovipositing and larval development [3, 4, 5].
Increased urban features, including roads, buildings and moved lawns, correspond with
decreases in butterfly species richness, diversity and abundance [6, 7, 8, 9]. Urbanization also is
associated with habitat degradation including decreased plant species diversity, reduced water
quality, and increased air and soil pollutions [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The reductions in amount and quality
of natural habitat associate with urban development negatively affect nature biodiversity [15].
Studies on butterfly fauna are very few in Bangladesh which is not completely documented.
Since 1947 very little research on butterflies has been conducted [16]. Khan (2001) documented
49 species from Tangail [17]. According to Larsen (2004) only 311 butterfly species had been
recorded from Bangladesh [18]. Furthermore, Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh,
mentioned 148 butterflies species [19]. In addition there are some regional works have been done
on butterfly checklist such as Islam (2011) documented 158 species from Savar, Dhaka [20].
Chowdhury and Hossain (2013) was recorded 225 butterfly species with pictorial evidence from
all over the Bangladesh [21]. Hossain (2014) documented 37 species from Sundarban [22]. Neogi,
Khan and Shahadat (2014) have added 9 more new species to the checklist which takes the total
number of butterflies to 320 IUCN checklists of butterflies [16, 23, 32].
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Fig 1: Map of Chuadanga district in red box.
2. Materials and Methods
The study was conducted in Chuadanga during November 2011
to April 2014. The district is situated in western part of
Bangladesh. It lies between 23035ʹ13.67ʺ N latitude and
88049ʹ56.59ʺ E longitudes (Fig. 1). This area is covered with
cultivated land, wetland and homestead vegetation include
trees, herbs, shrubs, grasses and climbers which support
butterflies species for their larval food, nectar feeding and
resting. The climate is monosonic. The mean monthly
temperature was the highest 35 0C in May and the lowest 80C in
January. The highest rainfall was recorded in May (330 mm)
and the lowest in December (05 mm). The average humidity
varied from 95.0% to 55.0%. The habitats were documented
randomly by visual observations, walks, opportunistic
observations and butterfly species were also photo-documented
by Nikon Coolpix P100, Canon DSLR 1100D and 55-250 mm
lens during the study period. Species identity, taxonomy and
nomenclature were confirmed with the help of the books by
Evans (1932), Wynter-Blyth (1957), Marshall and de Niceville
(1883), Bingham(1905), Kunte (2000), Kehimkar (2008), Singh
(2010) and Kunte et al (2012) [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36].
Butterflies observed were categorized into four groups (Very
common >10, Common 6-10, Uncommon <3-5, Rare <2) based
on their relative number during the period. I sampled butterflies
in several possible habitats such as flower gardens, fruit
gardens, beside the railway bush, roadside bush, agricultural
fields, homestead vegetation and open land etc. Each species
was noted and photographed instantly [29, 30].
3. Results and Discussion
A total of 49 species representing 40 genera from 06 families
recorded from the Chuadanga District. Among these, family
Nymphalidae is represented by 17 species and 13 genera formed
to be dominant during study period. The family Lycaenidae and
Hesperiidae is represented 10 species followed by Pieridae (06
species), Papilionidae (05 species) and Riodinidae (01) (Table-
1).
In the case of Nymphalidae Junonia almana Linnaeus was more
abundant than others. Family Riodinidae Abisara echerius
Moore was found only once in the Chuadanga District. The
checklist provides 49 species reported earlier from other places
of Bangladesh. On the basis of direct observation we found that
of 49 species of which 07 rare, 19 uncommon, 19 common and
04 very common. Out of this total species 7 species namely
Pachliopta aristolochiae, Delias eucharis, Eurema hecabe,
Danaus chrysippus, Danaus genutia, Euploea core and
Catochrysops strabo, were found collecting nectar in the flower
of wild herbs and shrubs, 7 species namely Papilio polymnestor,
Papilio polytes, Danaus chrysippus, Junonia almana, Junonia
lemonias, Rathinda amor and Tagiades japetus were recorded
in the flower garden, 11 species namely Papilio clytia,
Catopsilia pomona, Catopsilia pyranthe, Cepora nerissa,
Danaus chrysippus, Hypolimnas bolina, Junonia atlites,
Anthene emolus, Parnara guttatus, Pelopidas subochracea and
Pelopidas agna were recorded from the agricultural field, most
23 species namely Papilio demoleus, Catopsilia pyranthe,
Leptosia nina, Acraea violae, Ariadne ariadne, Ariadne
merione, Euploea core, Melanitis leda, Moduza procris, Neptis
jumbah, Phalantha phalantha, Ypthima baldus, Castalius
rosimon, Chilades lajus, Everes lacturnus, Pseudozizeeria
maha, Rapala manea, Zizula hylax, Matapa aria, Suastus
gremius, Telicota sp., Udaspes folus and Abisara echerius were
recorded in homestead vegetation, 3 species namely Euthalia
aconthea, Rathinda amor and Ypthima baldus found both in the
fruit garden and homestead vegetation.
The present study is the first study of this type in the area. It is
suggested and recommended that the area under study should
be continuously monitored to observe any change in the
diversity of butterflies because the changes in the diversity can
only be observed through continuous monitoring and
comparing the data of every year. Butterfly diversity in the
study area was found to be very low. This is due to the natural
climate. This is rather unsupportive of great butterfly diversity.
Thus, the lack of butterfly diversity is not entirely due to the
climate but is more directly a result of low diversity of flora
upon which to support greater butterfly diversity [31]. Butterflies
are one of most significant groups of insects with their impact
on the ecosystem as bio-indicators, pollinators and as prey for
many living organisms from birds to other arthropods like
spiders. Public attentiveness is requisite to conserve these
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
butterflies and their habitats. The study reflects the baseline
information on these beautiful groups. Therefore, an extensive
survey needs to be carried out to explore the rich diversity of
these elegant insects with their richness in different rural and
urban vegetation. The present results have thrown light on the
butterfly diversity in the southeast region of Bangladesh.
Table 1: Checklist of butterflies of Chuadanga district, Bangladesh.
SL Common Name Scientific Name Relative Abundance
Family: Papilionidae
1 Common Rose Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius Common
2 Common Mime Papilio clytia Linnaeus Uncommon
3 Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus Common
4 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor Cramer Uncommon
5 Common Mormon Papilio polytes Cramer Very Common
Family Pieridae
6 Common Gull Cepora nerissa Fabricius Uncommon
7 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Common
8 Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus Uncommon
9 Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Drury Common
10 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Linnaeus Common
11 Psyche Leptosia nina Fabricius Common
Family Nymphalidae
12 Tawny Coster Acraea violae Fabricius Rare
13 Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne Fruhstorfer Uncommon
14 Common Castor Ariadne merione Cramer Very Common
15 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Linnaeus Common
16 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Cramer Common
17 Common Crow Euploea core Cramer Uncommon
18 Common Baron Euthalia aconthea Fruhstorfer Common
19 Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina Linnaeus Uncommon
20 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Linnaeus Very Common
21 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Linnaeus Common
22 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Linnaeus Uncommon
23 Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda Cramer Common
24 Commander Moduza procris Cramer Rare
25 Common Bushbrown Mycalesis perseus Fabricius Common
26 Chestnut-streaked Sailer Neptis jumbah Moore Uncommon
27 Common Leopard Phalantha phalantha Drury Uncommon
28 Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus Fabricius Common
Family Lycaenidae
29 Common Ciliated Blue Anthene emolus Godart Uncommon
30 Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon Fabricius Common
31 Forget me not Catochrysops strabo Fabricius Uncommon
32 Lime Blue Chilades lajus Stoll Common
33 Indian Cupid Everest laturnus Tytler Rare
34 Pale Grass Blue Pseudozizeeria maha Kollar Very Common
35 Slate Flash Rapala manea Hewitson Rare
36 Monkey Puzzle Rathinda amor Fabricius Uncommon
37 Common Silverline Spindasis vulcanus Fabricius Common
38 Tiny Grass Blue Zizula hylax Fabricius Uncommon
Family Hesperiidae
39 Moore’s Ace Halpe porus Mabille Rare
40 Chestnut Bob Iambrix salsala Moore Common
41 Common Redeye Matapa aria Moore Rare
42 Straight Swift Parnara guttata Moore Uncommon
43 Large Branded Swift Pelopidas subochracea Moore Uncommon
44 Bengal Swift Pelopidas agna Moore Uncommon
45 Palm Bob Suastus gremius Fabricius Uncommon
46 Common Snow Flat Tagiades japetus Moore Common
47 Palm Dart Telicota sp. Uncommon
48 Grass Demon Udaspes folus Cramer Common
Family Riodinidae
49 Plum Judy Abisara echerius Moore Rare
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
1 2
3
5
2
5
5
5
2
3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10
0
11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
19 20 21
22 23 24
25 26 27
28 29 30
31 32 33
34 35 36
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Fig 2: Images of the butterflies found in Chuadanga District (see Table 1 for corresponding names)
4. Conclusion
Butterfly research in under inventory phase in Bangladesh. This
checklist will be helpful for studying the overall documentation
and distribution pattern of butterflies of this country.
5. Acknowledgements
The author grateful to Mr. Issac Kehimkar and Mr.
Krushnamegh Kunte for identification of three species. Along
with them author also thankful to Dr. Monwar Hussain and Dr.
Monirul H. Khan, Professor, Department of Zoology,
Jahangirnagar University.
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49 49
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
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