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Charles’ LawT V
In Real Life• A football inflated inside
and then taken outdoors on a winter day shrinks slightly.
• A slightly underinflated rubber life raft left in bright sunlight swells up.
Boyle’s LawP V
In Real Life• The bubbles exhaled by a
scuba diver grow as the approach the surface of the ocean.
• Deep sea fish die when brought to the surface.
Gay-Lussac’s LawP T
In Real Life• Gun powder heated
behind a bullet causes pressure to build up and fire.
• Bad things happen if you leave an aerosol can in your car on a hot day.
Boyle’s Law
When pressure increases, volume
decreases. Let’s think about the math.
P1V1 V2=P2
Boyle’s Law
As pressure increases…
P1V1 V2=P2P2V2
Volume decreases!
Boyle’s Law
P1V1 V2=P2
As pressure increases…
Volume decreases!
Boyle’s Law
P1V1 V2=P2
3 4 4=3* *
3 4 ?=2* *
What if we change P2 to 2? What happens to V2?
6
Boyle’s Law Example: A tank of nitrogen has a volume of 14.0 L and a pressure of 760.0 mmHg. Find the volume of the nitrogen when its pressure is changed to 400.0 mmHg.
Charles’ Law
When temperature increases, volume
increases. Let’s think about the math.
T1
V1 V2=T2
Charles’ Law
When the top of the fraction on the right
side increases, the bottom must also.
1
1 2= 2 3
3 4=
4=
Charles’ Law
When temperature increases…
T1
V1 V2=T2T2
Volume ALSO increases!
V2
Charles’ Law Example: Find the final temperature of a 2000.00 mL gas sample at 20.00C cooled until it occupies a volume of 500 mL.
If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, a volume of 23 liters and a temperature of 200oK, and then I raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300oK, what is the new volume of gas?
Combined Gas Law
Sometimes we need to account for more than one change…
T1
P1V1 P2V
2=T2
Enter, the combined gas law!
Combined Gas Law: If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, a volume of 23 liters and a temperature of 200oK, and then I raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300oK, what is the new volume of gas?
500.0 liters of a gas are prepared at 1.00atm and 200.0 °C. The gas is placed into a tank under high pressure. When the tank cools to 20.0 °C, the pressure of the gas is 30.0 atm. What is the volume of the gas?
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