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© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning
management system for classroom use.
Chapter 11
Semicolons
and Colons
11-2
Independent Clauses Separated
by Conjunctive Adverbs
She needed fast answers; therefore,
she checked the Web.
She found what she needed; then she
added the data to her report.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
11-3
Independent Clauses Without
Conjunctive Adverbs or
Coordinating Conjunctions
Common stock carries voting rights;
preferred stock does not carry such
rights.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
What other ways could you punctuate this sentence?
11-4
• Common stock carries voting rights.
Preferred stock does not carry such rights.
Use a period and capitalize the first word in the second independent clause.
Use a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction to join the two independent clauses.
• Common stock carries voting rights,
but preferred stock does not carry
such rights.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
11-5
Series Containing Internal
Commas or Complete Thoughts • Some of the dignitaries attending are Karen Howie,
NMC; Barbara J. Malom, WITC; and Kathleen Stewart,
MVCC. (Internal commas)
• The union shop recognizes compulsory union
membership of all employees; the closed shop
requires that all new employees must be members of
the union before hiring; and the open shop allows
either status. (Complete thoughts)
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
1. Many employers research
job applicants online
therefore job seekers
should clean up “digital
dirt.”
2. Some applicants use
Facebook wisely, they set
up pages specifically for
employers to see.
11-6
Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
;
;
,
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
3. Brandon will visit Rome,
Italy, Geneva, Switzerland,
and Munich, Germany this
fall.
4. His passport has expired,
thus he needs to apply for a
new one immediately.
11-7
;
;
;
Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Formally Listed Items
• Success depends on the following: ability, training, and perseverance.
11-8
Be sure that the statement introducing the list is a complete independent clause.
Incomplete: The colors we have are red, yellow, and blue. (Colon should not be used.)
Complete: The colors we have are the following red, yellow, and blue. (Colon should be used.)
:
:
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Do not use a colon when the list follows a verb.
11-9
• The candidates for president are
Beverly Forsberg, Joella Hundley, and Susan Foreman.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Do not use a colon when the list follows a preposition
11-10
• Budget requests have been received from Payroll, Marketing, and Engineering.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Do not use a colon when another
sentence falls between the introductory statement and the list
11-11
• Budget requests have not been received from the following departments. Contact them at once.
Legal ServicesResearch and DevelopmentQuality Control
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Quotations
Use a colon to introduce long one-sentence quotations and quotations of more than one sentences.
11-12
Ted Turner said: “When you lose small businesses, you lose big ideas. People who own their own businesses are their own bosses. They are independent thinkers. They know they can't compete by imitating the big guys; they have to innovate.”
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Explanatory Sentences
Use a colon to separate two independent clauses if the second clause explains, illustrates, or supplements the first. (They are very closely related.)
11-13
Mr. Cohen had only one goal: he wanted to offer the best product at the lowest possible price. (Second clause explains what the “one goal” is.)
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
1. Effective graphics require
consistency in these three
elements colors, shapes
and logos.
2. Effective graphics require
consistency in colors,
shapes and logos.
11-14
:
,
,Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
3. Our company has one main
goal to go public by the
end of the year.
4. The companies to which she
plans to apply are
Microsoft, Google and
Apple.
11-15
:
,
Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Introductory Expressions
When introductory expressions (such as namely, for
instance, that is, and for example) are used right after independent clauses, they may be preceded by either commas or semicolons.
11-16© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
If the words after the introductory expression appear at the end of the sentence and form a series or an independent clause, use a semicolon before the introductory expression.
• Some services must be curtailed; namely,
customer assistance, equipment installation, and training. (Series)
• Banking hours will be extended on weekdays;that is, we will be open until 6 p.m.(Independent clause)
11-17
Introductory Expressions
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
• Two superior teachers won acclaim,
namely, Yvonne Scholl and Andrew Holder.
11-18
If not, use a comma.
Introductory Expressions
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Business Letter SalutationsPlace a colon after the salutation of a business letter when mixed punctuation is used.
11-19
• Dear Ms. Vallone:
• Dear Customer Service:
• Dear Angelina:
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Time
In expressions of time, use a colon to separate hours from minutes.
11-20
• 11:30 a.m.
• 6:45 p.m.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Publication Titles
Place a colon between titles and subtitles of books, articles, and other publications.
11-21
• Freakonomics: A Rogue
Economist Examinesthe Hidden Side of Everything
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Capitalization After ColonsDo not capitalize the initial letters of words or phrases listed following a colon unless the words are proper nouns or appear vertically.
11-22
• The chief job areas are the following:personal selling, advertising, and market research.
• The chief job areas are the following:Personal sellingAdvertisingMarket research
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
11-23
• The Chinese face a gigantic task:they must ensure long-term economic efficiency.
Do not capitalize the first letter of an independent clause following a colon.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
11-24
• Our CEO has a golden rule: Treat our customers as if they own you, because they do.
Do capitalize the first letter of an independent clause following a colon if that clause states a formal rule or principle.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
1. Disposal of old computers may contaminate the environment, namely air, soil, and groundwater.
2. Some companies specialize in disposing of old computer equipment for example Technology Recycling. (Technology Recycling is a company name.)
11-25
;
,,
,Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
3. Our meeting will begin
promptly at 10 30 a.m.
4. Miguel Angel Ramirez said
“Don’t make assumptions. Find
the courage to ask questions
and to express what you really
want. Communicate with
others as clearly as you can to
avoid misunderstandings,
sadness, and drama."
11-26
:
:
Add, change, or remove punctuation as needed.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
Try Your Skill
5. In developing our multimedia marketing strategy we must focus on three key criteria
customer mix
competition
capabilities
11-27
:Correct this sentence.
,
CCC
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer
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