View
216
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Chapter Ten
Individuals With Speech and Individuals With Speech and Language ImpairmentsLanguage Impairments
Nature of Speech, Language, and CommunicationSpeech: expression of language with
soundsLanguage: rule-based method of
communicationPhonologyMorphologySemanticsSyntaxPragmatics
Communication: involves verbal and nonverbal behaviors
2
3
4
Defining Speech and Language ImpairmentsThe American Speech-Language-Hearing
Association defines a communication disorder as “an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbols systems. A communication disorder may be evident in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech.”
The IDEA label for students with communication difficulties is speech and language impairment and they are eligible for special education if they have “a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment or a voice impairment, which adversely affect a child’s educational performance.”
5
Classifying Speech and Language Impairments Speech DisordersArticulation disordersFluency disordersVoice disorders
Language DisordersPhonological disordersApraxia of speechMorphological disordersSemantic disordersSyntactical deficitsPragmatic difficulties
6
Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD)
Difficulty processing sounds
Historical PerspectivesHistorical reactions toward individuals
with disabilities:RejectionObjects of pityA rewarding sense of humor
7
Prevalence of Speech and Language Impairments High incidence disability Often occurs with other disabilities 20% of children receiving special
education receive services for speech and language disorders
Preschoolers with speech and language disorders represent half of all preschoolers receiving special education
8
Etiology of Speech and Language Impairments
9
Functional and organic EtiologiesoFunctional etiologies have no obvious physical foundationsoOrganic contributions linked to a physiological defect
Impairments may be congenital, developmental, or acquiredAphasia (a loss or impairment of language functions)Cleft lip or cleft palate (a structural congenital abnormality)
Prevention of Speech and Language Impairments Children typically develop language
within acceptable limits Language is learned in social contexts Provide early language experiences to
infants and young children Genetic testing may be warranted in
some situations
10
Characteristics of Speech and Language ImpairmentsExpressive Language
May experience difficulties with: Limited vocabulary Incorrect grammar
or syntax Excessive repetition
of information Difficulty
formulating questions
Receptive LanguageMay experience difficulties with: Following oral
directions Understanding
humor or figurative language
Comprehending complex sentences
Responding to questions appropriately
11
Assessing Speech and Language ImpairmentsFormal and informal measures
case histories, family interviews, health assessments, observations, developmental information, family dynamics, speech and language assessments
Professionals teachers, speech-language pathologists,
audiologists, neurologists, physicians
Watch this video to learn more about a career as a Speech-Language Pathologist
12
13
Services for Young Children with Speech and Language Impairments Early identification importance Early identification procedures Services available from birth to school
age Interactions with typically developing
peers
14
Adolescents and Adults with Speech and Language Impairments Communication disorders may
compound adolescent insecurities Transition planning
15
Family Issues Speech-language pathologists include
families in the assessment and planning process
Speech-language pathologists provide suggestions to families to assist them in helping their children with speech or language impairments
16
Issues of Diversity Large numbers of pupils do not speak
standard American English as their first language
These students are sometimes described as limited English proficient or English language learners
A lack of reliable and valid tests make it difficult to assess speech and language impairments in children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
17
Technology and Individuals with Speech and Language Impairments
Augmentative or alternative communication (AAC)o AAC devices may be low-tech or high-
tech. These devices are often customized to meet the unique needs of the user.
This video explores the use of assistive technology to use the internet
18
Trends, Issues, and Controversies Early intervention Medical innovations Cultural and linguistic diversity Controversies regarding etiologies of
speech and language disorders
19
Recommended