Chapter 7/8 New Nation. 1.The Report on Public Credit was authored by...

Chapter 7/8

New Nation

1. The Report on Public Credit was authored by ________________________________.

2. Name one individual who opposed the creation of the B.U.S.3. The “midnight appointments” made by ____________________ when

leaving office sparked the case of ________________ vs. _________________.

4. Why did France sell the land involved in the Louisiana Purchase to the US?

5. What ship was set on fire by Lt. Decatur during the Tripolitan War in 1804?

6. President Jefferson sent his private secretary to explore the lands beyond the Mississippi River. What was the name of this man?

7. Who was John Jay? – what position in government did he hold?8. The War of 1812 was fought between what nations?9. Jefferson would have argued for ____________ interpretation of the

Constitution.10.How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?

Early American Problems1. the nation was severely in debt – economic

depression set in2. England – refused to appeal Navigation Acts,

armed Natives along frontier, did not remove troops from posts along Mississippi

3. Barbary Pirates attack ships in Mediterranean Sea

4. Spanish closed Mississippi from New Orleans

Making the Government Work

• In 1789, George Washington was elected unanimously by electoral college – set precedents as the nation’s first President.

• John Adams was the first Vice-President.• New York City was the first capital of the

U.S.• Washington appointed four men to his first

Cabinet.

Am I a Federalist or a Republican?

1. Francois Goulet• Farmer from Georgia

• 5th grade education

2. Brandon Smith• Lawyer from Boston, MA

• College graduate

3. John Marshall• Virginia planter

• College graduate

• Future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• Believed that the judicial branch was too weak

4. Hans Gruber• German immigrant

• Pennsylvania farmer

5. Sally Moore• Mother of five

• Employee of a Massachusetts textile mill

6. James Prescott• Banker from Delaware

• Member of the Delaware state legislature

7. Mary Worthington• Merchant from South Carolina

• Sells mainly European products

New Nation

• French Revolution p. 317, p. 332

• British relations p. 319, p. 360

France

XYZDepartment of the Navy 1798

John Adams

French Revolution p. 317, p. 332

What should happen to you if…

-You called the president a "repulsive pedant (nitpicker), a gross hypocrite and an unprincipled oppressor“?James Callender was fined and jailed for 9 months.

-You accused the president’s administration of "ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation, and selfish avarice”Matthew Lyon was fined $1,000 and jailed for 4 months

Alien and Sedition Acts• Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France• provided for some of the first testings of the limits of

freedom of speech and press.• Passed by Federalists• Federalists – viewed the persistence of their party as the

equivalent of the survival of the republic• Jeffersonian Republicans – favored by immigrants

ANTI-IMMIGRANTS SENTIMENT – No need to "invite hordes of Wild Irishmen, nor the turbulent and disorderly of all the

world, to come here with a basic view to distract our tranquillity.” – Federalist Congressman

The harsh public antagonism of the 1790s largely came to an end with the victory of the Democratic- Republicans in the 1800 election. "The Revolution of 1800

Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Act (officially An Act Concerning Aliens) authorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States."

activated June 25, 1798two year expiration date.

Sedition Act (officially An Act for the Punishment of Certain Crimes against the United States) a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or certain officials.

enacted July 14, 1798expiration date of March 3, 1801

Alien and Sedition Act

Jefferson confirmed the new definition of free speech and press as the right of Americans "to think freely and to speak and write what they think."

Jay’s Treaty

Chesapeake

Impressment

Embargo Act

British relations p. 319, p. 360

Judiciary Act - 1789

Established:Supreme Court13 district courts3 circuit courts of appeals

Domestic Policy - Washington

Raising RevenueAlexander Hamilton – Head of Dept. of Treasury

Goals:Strong federal banking system, stable currency,

debt repayment to establish good reputation with other nations

• Report on Public Credit • Report on Manufactures

BUS – Bank of the United States -> big controversy!!!!!!!!Issue was whether Constitution should be strictly adhered to or if

elastic clause allows for it

Dealing with Debt

Congress passed a bill in 1791 setting up national banking system.

The Bank of the U.S. was able to:- print paper money- use paper money to pay its bills- make loans to farmers and businesses

Whiskey Rebellion• Whiskey Rebellion, 1794• first test for new federal government. • Angry farmers in Western Penn. rebelled at tax • Why?

– They were dirt poor, and simply could not afford to pay the tax.

– Unfair that tax placed on poor farmer not merchant. It also planted the seeds for the first liberal/ conservative split, that would wage even until today.

• Washington led 13,000 federal troops (in uniform) in putting down rebellion.

Foreign Policy - Washington

The French Revolution (1789-1793)• Americans supported

revolution in its early stages – saw themselves in the situation.

• Support soured when Reign of Terror began – King and Queen were executed

• Britain and France began to war (1793-1815).

Which side should we take?

Neutrality

• Neutral = not take sides – HARD TO DO!• Relied on trade with both.

• Edmond Genet – French ambassador overestimated American sympathy for France. Recruited active American support

• Washington demanded his recall.• Issue Neutrality Proclamation - 1793

Northwest Territory• Americans

were being attacked by Native Americans – attacks were encourage by British

•Natives defeated in Battle of Fallen Timbers – 1794.•Forced to sign Treaty of Greenville to sell off large chunks of land North of the Ohio River.

Jay’s Treaty

• Chief Justice of Supreme Court – sent to Britain to work out a treaty– Britain agreed to leave the forts it occupied in

Northwest Territory– Britain refused to end impressment - British

commanders board American ships in search of Royal Navy deserters

– Great controversy arose at home – many Americans saw it as a betrayal of revolutionary ideals.

Hamilton Jefferson

Describe the events of the Whiskey Rebellion. Did Washington act appropriately in this situation?

What is impressment?

John AdamsXYZ Affair – French agents demanded bribes from American delegates in Paris – 1797Delegates refusedNation prepares for war with FranceUndeclared naval war in CaribbeanConvention of 1800 – avoided all-out war

Order and Describe:Washington’s Farewell AddressXYZ AffairJay’s TreatyNeutrality Proclamation

REMEMBER THAT ADAMS KEPT US OUT OF WAR WITH FRANCE – COST HIM HIS POLITICAL CAREER.