Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction. Plants come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. ALL...

Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

• Plants come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors.

• ALL REPRODUCE• ____________ or ____________

Plant Organs

• Flowering plants make up the largest group of plants on Earth.

• Has 4 main organs:– 1) Roots– 2) Stems– 3) Leaves– 4) Flowers

• 1) Roots – hold (anchor) plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients.

• 2) Stems – support part of plant that is above ground, water and nutrients move through stem to various parts of plant.

• 3) Leaves – take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, capture energy.

• 4) Flower – contains the reproductive parts

Check List• 1) What are two modes of reproduction that

plants use?• 2) Which one requires fertilization?• 3) Female reproductive organs produce

__________, while male reproductive organs produce __________.

• 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring?

• 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant.• 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel

like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

Section 2 – Seedless Reproduction

• Nonvascular Seedless – produced by spores and are nonvascular– Ex: moss

• Vascular Seedless – produced by spores but are vascular– Ex: Ferns

Review

• Nonvascular:– Non-complex– Small– Seedless

• Vascular:– Complex– Larger– Seeds (usually)– Vascular Tissue

Section 3 – Seed Reproduction

• Recall, that flowering plants made up the largest group of plants on Earth.

• Flowering plants reproduce by making seeds.

• Seeds will eventually grow into a new plant.

• Seeds are formed through a process called – sexual reproduction

• Some flowers have male reproductive parts.• Some flowers have female reproductive parts.• There are also, other flowers have both male

and female parts.

Male Reproductive Parts

• Stamens – the male reproductive pare of a flower.

• Pollen – is a powder that contains male reproductive cells that is produced by stamen.

Female Reproductive Parts

• Pistil – contains the female reproductive parts of a flower.

• Ovary – part of the flower in which seeds develop, located at the bottom of the pistil in a hollow structure.

Pollination• Pollination – when pollen is

transferred from the stamens by wind and animals to the top of the pistil.

• Pollinators – animals that transfer pollen– Ex: bees, butterflies, insects, &

hummingbirds

Steps of Pollination• 1) Pollinator visits a flower• 2) pollen rubs off the male part of flower onto

the animal’s body• 3) pollen falls off onto the female part of that

flower or another flower.• 4)once transferred, pollen travels down into the

ovary, where fertilizes the egg—fertilization occurs.

• 5) Each fertilized egg in a flowering plant can develop into a seed ovary into a fruit fruit contains seed that will grow into new plant

Anatomy of a Seed

• Embryo – a tiny new plant contained in each seed.

• Cotyledon – parts where the stored food is located

• 3 things each seed has:– Embryo– Cotyledon (stored food)– Seed coat

Types of Pollination

• Self Pollination – pollen is carried from stamen to pistil of SAME flower

• Cross Pollination – pollen is carried to from stamen to pistil of a DIFFERENT flower

Dispersal Mechanisms• 3 Types of Dispersal:– 1)Self Dispersal – when ovary splits

or divides releasing seeds– 2)Wind Dispersal – dispersal via

wind• Helicopters, dandelions, etc.

– 3)Animal Dispersal – dispersal via animal• Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

Germination

• Once a seed is dispersed, if it lands in soil it may germinate.

• Germination – is the sprouting of a new plant from a seed (seed developing into a plant).

Steps of Germination

• 1) First, seed absorbs so much water that it swells and bursts its seed coat.

• 2) Stored food inside provides energy for the roots, stem, and leaves to start growing.

• 3) After plant emerges from soil, it can capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis.

Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

• Plants can reproduce in 2 different ways: ____________ & _______________

• Plants have 4 main organs:__________ , ___________ , ___________ ,

_____________

Plant Organs

• 1) Roots - _____________________________

• 2) Stem - _____________________________

• 3) Leaves - ____________________________

• 4) Flower - ____________________________

How Flowers Reproduce

• All flowers reproduce by making a _______________.

• This _______________ will eventually grow into a new species.

• A seed is the end product of a what type of reproduction _______________________.

Male Reproductive Parts

• Stamen – ____________________________________

• Pollen – ______________________________________________________

Female Reproductive Parts

• Pistil – ____________________________________________

• Ovary – ________________________________________________________________________________________

Pollination

• Pollination - __________________________________________________________________________

• Pollinators - __________________________________________________________________________

Check List• 1) What are two modes of reproduction that

plants use?• 2) Which one requires fertilization?• 3) Female reproductive organs produce

__________, while male reproductive organs produce __________.

• 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring?

• 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant.• 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel

like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

Check List• 1) What type of reproduction in plants requires

fertilization?• 2) Where does fertilization occur in a plant?• 3) What is the male reproductive part of a flower?• 4) What is the powdery substance that contains male

reproductive cells called?• 5) The end product of sexual reproduction in plants is a

_____________. Which will eventually grow into a new organism.

• 6) What is it called when pollen travels from the stamen to the top of the pistil?

• 7)Draw out a flower and label: Pistil, Pollen, Stamen, Ovary, Eggs.

• 8) List 3 types of Pollinators.

Section 3 • Pollination– Pollinators– Stamen, pollen, pistil

• Fertilization– Sex Cells (Gametes)– Ovary– Seed– Fruit

• Germination– Seed, soil, water, sunlight

Anatomy of Seed• Embryo –

____________________________• Cotyledon –

_____________________________________________________

• 3 things each seed has:– Embryo– Cotyledon (stored food)– Seed coat

Dispersal of Seeds

• Seeds must find their way to the __________.

• A seed needs 3 things to grow.– ____________, ______________, ____________

• Animals and wind can help in dispersing _____________.

Dispersal Mechanisms• 3 Types of Dispersal:– 1)Self Dispersal –

____________________________– 2)Wind Dispersal –

_____________________________• Helicopters, dandelions, etc.

– 3)Animal Dispersal – ____________________________• Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

Germination• Germination -

__________________________________________________________________________

Steps of germination:

• 1) Seed absorbs so much _________, until seed coat bursts

• 2)__________ provides food for the seed to grow.

• 3)Grows above ground and can go through a process of __________________ .

Check List • 1) Draw out a seed and label these 3 parts: Cotyledon, Embryo,

Seed Coat• 2)The __________ is the tiny new plant that is located inside of the

seed.• 3) The _____________ is the stored food inside the seed.• 4) The protective coat on the outside of the seed is called the

___________.• 5) What are the 3 major steps in germination? • 6) Once a seed is produced after fertilization, what are 3 things

needed for it to grow? • 7) Dispersal is how a seed finds/gets to a place to grow, how many

ways of dispersal can there be? • 8) If a seed is eaten by an animal, and digested through the

digestive system, what type of dispersal has occurred?• 9) Give an example of an plant that has self dispersed seeds, wind

dispersed seeds, and animal dispersed seeds.• 10) _______________ is the process in which a seed sprouts into a

new plant.