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Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model
Reflective Observation (discussion)
Concrete Experience (exercises)
Abstract Conceptualization
(reading)
Active Experimentation (personal application
assignments)
Knowledge
Concrete Experience (CE)
Learning from feeling:Learning from specific experiencesRelating to peopleSensitivity to feelings and peopleReliance on one’s ability to be open-
minded and adaptable to change
Reflective Observation (RO)
Learning by watching and listening:Careful observation before
making a judgmentViewing things from different
perspectivesLooking for the meaning of thingsReliance on one’s own thoughts
and feelings to form opinions
Abstract Conceptualization (AC)
Learning by thinking:Logical analysis of ideasSystematic planningActing on an intellectual
understanding of a situationReliance on theories and ideas
to solve problems
Active Experimentation (AE)
Learning by doing:Ability to get things doneRisk takingInfluencing people and events
through actionExperimenting
Diverger Style
Strengths:Imaginative abilityUnderstanding peopleRecognizing problemsBrainstorming
CE/RO
Diverger StyleOrganizational Excess:
Paralyzed by alternativesCan’t make decisions
Org’l Deficiency:Idea poorCan’t recognize
problems and opportunities
CE/RO
Assimilator StyleOrganizational Excess:
Castles in the airNo practical application
Organizational Deficiency:Unable to learn from
mistakesNo sound basis for workNo systematic approach
RO/AC
Converger StyleOrganizational Excess:
Solving the wrong problems
Hasty decision makingOrganizational Deficiency:
Lack of focusNo testingScattered thoughts
AC/AE
Accommodator StyleOrganizational Excess:
Trivial improvementsMeaningless activity
Organizational Deficiency:Work not completed on
timeImpractical plansNot directed to goals
CE/AE
Chris Argyris’
Question assumptions underlying mental models
Refine prevailing mental models
Problem-solving focus
Analysis of the process of defining and solving problems
Coping orientation Creative orientation
Single-loop learning Double-loop learning
ADAPTIVE GENERATIVE
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