Chapter 3: Federalism

Chapter 3: FederalismForging a Nation

Section 1 Federalism: National and State Sovereignty

I. Dual Citizenship a. Failure of the Articles

b. System of Divided Powers

II. The Arguments for Federalisma. Practical Necessity

b. Protecting Liberty- Federalist No. 28

c. Moderating Government Powers

d. Strengthening the Union

(Division of Powers Handout)

III. The Powers of the Nationa) Enumerated Powers

1) Supremacy Clause 2) Necessary and Proper/ Elastic Clause

b) Implied Powers• Necessary & proper clause

c) Inherent Powers

d) Reserved Powers

e) Concurrent Powers

Section 2: Interstate Relations

I. Interstate Compactsa. Examples

a. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (1921)

b. Compact for the Supervision of Parolees & Probationers and Compact of Juveniles

c. Great Lakes Compact

II. Full, Faith and Credita. Exceptions

b. Williams v. North Carolina

III. Extradition

IV. Privileges and Immunities

Section 3: Federalism in Historical Perspective

I. A Continuous DebateII. Phase I: An Indestructible Union

a. Nationalist View

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden(1824)

c. The States’ Rights Viewa) The Issue of Slaveryb) Dred Scott v. Sanford

Dual Federalism

• Based on Separation of Powers Doctrine• Sharp line between National & State Authority• State supremacy in racial policy

• Business Supremacy in commerce policy

• 14th Amendment & State Discretion

• Judicial Protections of Business• Laissez-faire capitalism• Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company

• Private corporation is entitled to legal rights

• United States v. EC Knight Co.• Sugar Trust Cases

• Avoided Sherman Antitrust

• Hammer v. Dagenhart • Restricts National

• Lochner v. New York • Restricts States

National Authority Prevails

• Great Depression • Challenges from Supreme Court

• Revelation: Interdependent Nation • A Shift in Responsibility• State’s unable to deal with unemployed/welfare assistance

• NIRA• Schecter v. United States

• A switch in time that saved nine• Court packing

• Justice Own Roberts• Toward National Citizenship• Brown v. Board of Education

Section 4: Federalism Today

• Expansion of National Authority • Policy Shift • Expansion of National Authority 1930s

• Devolution

• Interdependency & Intergovernmental Relations• Cooperative Federalism • Characteristics

• Example: Medicaid

Fiscal Federalism

• Spending of Federal Funds through state and local governments • 1 in every 5 dollars spent by state/local comes from National

• Increase in Federal Government influence• Dole v. South Dakota

• Categorical Grants “strings”

• Block Grants “no strings”

Devolution

• Nixon & New Federalism • The Republican Revolution • 1994 Congressional Elections

• Unfunded mandates

• 1996 Welfare Reform Act • George W. Bush• NCLB?

• Department of Homeland Security

Devolution, Judicial Style

• Increases in Congressional Authority• Garcia v. San Antonio Authority• Gonzales v. Raich

• Limiting Congressional Authority• United States v. Lopez• Printz v. United States• Kimmel v. Florida Board of Regents • Univ. of Alabama v. Garrett