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Chapter 28 DNA-Life’s Code. Learn the parts of DNA Understand DNA replication Understand how DNA mutates Biotechnology. Bacterial Transformation Experiment. Fred Griffith 1928 Injected mice with bacteria Smooth :pneumonia bacteria Rough : harmless bacteria. Transforming Principle. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 28DNA-Life’s Code
•Learn the parts of DNA•Understand DNA replication•Understand how DNA mutates•Biotechnology
Bacterial Transformation Experiment
• Fred Griffith
• 1928
• Injected mice with bacteria
• Smooth:pneumonia bacteria
• Rough: harmless bacteria
Transforming Principle
• Chemical that causes harmless bacteria to transform into pneumonia
• Transforming principle = DNA
DNA
• Chemical of heredity
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
1. Sugar (Deoxyribose)
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
• 3 parts combined into one subunit
• Join together to form an entire DNA
4 Nitrogen Bases
1. A: adenine
2. G: guanine
3. T: Thymine
4. C: Cytosine
Base Pairing
• Only certain bases can bond with one another
1. A bonds T
2. G bond C
DNA Structure
• Double Helix = twisted ladder
• 2 chains: nucleotides joined together
• Rungs: base – hydrogen bond – base
• Sides: sugar and acid
Replication of DNA
• Copies of DNA chain made during Interphase
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#
Steps to Replication
1. An enzyme “unzips” the double helix
2. Unzips by breaking Hydrogen bonds
3. A new enzyme moves along the parent chain placing new nucleotides
4. Match base pairs; A-T; G-C
5. DNA molecule is a parent chain bonded to a new chain
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