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CHAPTER 21 ALCOHOL. Lesson 1: The Health Risks of Alcohol Use . Alcohol use can harm your body and your brain and cause you to make poor decisions. Vocabulary. Ethanol : the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages Fermentation : the chemical action of yeast on sugars - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 21ALCOHOL
Alcohol use can harm your body and your brain and cause you to make poor decisions
Lesson 1: The Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Ethanol: the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages Fermentation: the chemical action of yeast on sugars Depressant: a drug that slows the central nervous
system Intoxication: the state in which the body is poisoned
by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced
Binge Drinking: drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting
Alcohol Poisoning: a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose
Vocabulary
Powerful and addictive drug Ethanol is produced synthetically or
naturally by fermenting fruits, vegetables, and grains
Water, flavoring, and minerals are mixed with ethanol to produce beverages such as beer, wine, and flavored liquor
Alcohol
41 % of students have consumed alcohol by 8th grade
75 % of students have consumed alcohol by the time they graduate from high school
More than 50 % of 12th graders say they have been drunk at least once
About 6 % of youth ages 12-20 are heavy drinkers
Teens and Alcohol
Body Size Gender Food Rate of Intake Amount Medicine
Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects
Changes to the Brain: Development, Memory, Judgment and Control, and risk of stroke
Cardiovascular Changes: Heart rate and blood pressure
Liver and Kidney Problems: Inflammation, scarring, and dehydration
Digestive System Problems: Increase stomach acid that cause nausea and vomiting
Pancreas Problems: large amounts of alcohol quickly can cause pancreatitis and pain
Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Damage to brain cells and reduction in brain size
Increase in blood pressure, which leads to heart attack or stroke
Buildup of fat cells in the liver, which lead to cell death
Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers and cancer of the stomach
Destruction of the pancreas
Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Binge Drinking (drinking large amounts of alcohol during one session) is a serious problem and can lead to alcohol poisoning.
Alcohol poisoning can lead to death because eventually your body organs shut down and your breathing stops.
Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning
A person who drinks too much alcohol may eventually pass out.
Even though the person is unconscious, alcohol that is in the stomach continues to enter the bloodstream causing a person’s BAC to rise.
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning include:-mental confusion- coma - vomiting and seizures- slow respiration- irregular heartbeat- hypothermia or low body temp
Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Choosing to Live Alcohol-Free
Lesson 2
Psychological dependence: a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally
Physiological Dependence: a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug
Alcohol Abuse: the excessive use of alcohol Alcoholism: a disease in which a person has
a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol
Vocabulary
Peer pressure Family Media Messages Advertising Techniques: false perceptions of
alcohol use by TV, radio, billboards, magazines, and newspapers
Alcohol Industry spends $4.5 billion a year on advertising alcohol products
Factors that Influence Alcohol Use
In the US, nearly 50 people die each day as a result of alcohol-related traffic collisions
Alcohol is linked to deaths from drowning, fire, suicide, and homicide
Alcohol and the law: Illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy, possess, or consume alcohol.
Teens who break the law can suffer consequences such as arrest, conviction, detention center, employment and college options or future plans.
Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Fights are more likely to break out where alcohol is consumed.
Teens who are involved in fights face school or police disciplinary action.
Teens who drink are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of violent crimes, such as rape, aggravated assault, and robbery.
Estimated that alcohol use is a factor in 1/3 to 2/3 of sexual assault or date-rape cases
Alcohol and Violence
Alcohol causes loss of inhibitions and impaired judgment which leads to bad decisions.
Teens who use alcohol are more likely to become sexually active at an earlier age
Approximately 25 % of sexually active teens use alcohol or drugs before engaging in sexual activity.
Teens who drink are twice as likely to contract an STD as teens who do not drink.
Alcohol and Sexual Activity
It is estimated that 25 % of all youth are exposed to alcohol abuse within their families.
Teens who start drinking by age 15 are five times more likely to become dependent on alcohol than people who do not start drinking until age 21
Young people who live in a household where a family member abuses alcohol are at high risk for:◦ - neglect, abuse, or social isolation◦ - economic hardship◦ - personal use of alcohol themselves◦ - mental illness or physical problems
Alcohol and the Family
Maintaining a healthy body Establishing healthy relationships Making healthy decisions Avoiding risky behaviors Avoiding illegal activities Avoiding violence Achieving your goals
Benefits of Living Alcohol-Free
The Impact of Alcohol Abuse
Lesson 3
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) : the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) : a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems
Alcoholic: an addict who is dependent on alcohol
Recovery: the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life
Sobriety: living without alcohol
Vocabulary
One-fifth of all teen drivers involved in fatal car accidents have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.01 percent.
BAC depends on the quantity and type of alcohol that was consumed, the rate of consumption, body size, and gender.
Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the following:◦ Slow reflexes◦ Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds◦ Increase in risk-taking behaviors◦ Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness
Alcohol and Driving
Driving while intoxicated (DWI), or driving under the influence (DUI), is illegal.
Adult drivers who have a BAC of 0.08 percent can be charged with drunk driving
The consequences for DWI or DUI include:◦ Injuries to or death of the driver and others◦ Arrest, jail time, court appearance and fine or bail, a
police record, and possible lawsuits◦ Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate
confiscation of driver’s license◦ Higher auto insurance rates or a canceled insurance
policy
Driving While Intoxicated
When a pregnant woman drinks, alcohol passes directly from her body into the bloodstream of the fetus
Infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy are at risk of FAS
The effects of FAS are:◦ Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feet◦ Heart, liver, and kidney defects◦ Vision and hearing problems◦ Central nervous system problems, developmental
disabilities, and poor coordination◦ Difficulties learning and short attention span◦ Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawl
Alcohol and Pregnancy
Symptoms:◦ Craving- Feeling a strong need for alcohol to
manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol
◦ Loss of Control- Inability to limit alcohol consumption
◦ Physical dependence- Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety
◦ Tolerance- A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects
Alcoholism
An alcoholic is an addict who is dependent on alcohol
Some alcoholics are aggressive and violent, and others become withdrawn
Alcoholism is not limited to any age, race, or ethnic or socioeconomic group
Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics
Environmental factors such as family, friends, culture, peer pressure, availability of alcohol, and stress also contribute to alcoholism
Alcoholics
Stage 1- Abuse: Alcoholism may begin with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. The person may experience memory loss and blackouts, and may begin to lie or make excuses to justify his or her drinking.
Stage 2- Dependence: The person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol. The drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, at school, and at home suffers.
Stage 3- Addiction: Person becomes addicted to alcohol. The liver may be already damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. If the alcoholic stopped drinking, he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms.
Stages of Alcoholism
Us is home to 15 million alcoholics and problem drinkers
Alcohol abuse is a major factor in the four leading causes of accidental death: car accidents, falls, drowning, and house fires.
About 40 % of violent crimes are alcohol related
Effects on Family and Society
Approximately 17,000 people die in alcohol-related crashes each year
According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) a survey found that about 30 % of teens reported riding in a motor vehicle with a driver who had been drinking in the past month.
Each year 40,000 babies in the US are born with some kind of alcohol-related damage
Steps to Recovery:◦ 1. Admission◦ 2. Detoxification◦ 3. Counseling◦ 4. Recovery
Resources and programs available to help alcoholics:◦ Al-Anon/Alateen◦ Alcoholics Anonymous◦ MADD◦ National Association for Children of Alcoholics◦ National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral Routing
Service◦ Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)
Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
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