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Chapter 2
Section 1 - What is Matter?
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Chemistry - Study of matter and its changes
mass + takes up space = matter
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AtomsElements
Bar of gold = all same element atom is smallest unit of the bar
C
Fe Cu
O
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Compounds - 2 or more different elements chemically combined
H2O, steel, nylon
Compounds properties are different than base units!
HO
N = nylon!
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Molecule - Smallest unit of a substance
Sometimes made of same element
H2, O2, Cl2
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Chemical Formula
Symbols + Numbers (subscripts)
C16H10N2O2
H2O
C6H12O6
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Pure Substance - Made of single element or single compound
Mixtures - Combinations of substances not chemically combined
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Two Types of Mixtures:
Heterogeneous - Not uniform or evenly distributed
Homogeneous - Evenly distributed, same throughout
Flour in water
Sugar in water
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1 Which word best describes the picture below?
A Atom
B Molecule
C Compound
D Element
E Pure Substance
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2 Which word best describes the picture below?
A Atom
B Molecule
C Compound
D Element
E Pure Substance
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3 Which word best describes the picture below?
A Atom
B Molecule
C Compound
D Element
E Pure Substance
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Section 2 - Properties of Matter
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Properties of Matter
Physical Chemical
color, shape, mass, volume, density, etc
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Melting Point Boiling Point
States of Matter (physical property)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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Density - mass to volume relationship
MV
D =1 g
cm3water =
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Properties of Matter
Physical Chemical
describes how a substance reacts
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Reactivity
Flammability
Chemical Properties
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Physical vs Chemical
observable
do NOT change substance
generally not observable
changes substance
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Examples
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4 Which of the following descriptions are PHYSICAL properties?
A Melting Point
B Soft
C Reactive
D Red
E Flammable
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5 What is the density of an object with a volume of 5 cm3 and a mass 15 grams?
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6 Sodium (Na) will bond with Chlorine (Cl) to form Salt (NaCl). This is an example of what property of matter?
A Flammability
B Melting Point
C Density
D Reactivity
E Plasma
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Section 3 - Changes of Matter
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Physical Change
A change that does not affect chemical properties
Breaking chalk
Haircut
Melting, Boiling
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Quartz Sand
SiO2
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Sugar + Water = ?
physical change...sugar is simply dissolved, not changed
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Mixtures can be separated!
Distillation
Centrifuge
Magnets
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Chemical Change
one or more substances are changed to new substances
brown sugar + heat = carmel
caramel + heat = carbon + water
bakeing a cake
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Chemical Change example
Carbonic acid = "fizz" in pop
When opened, carbonic acid CO2 + H2O
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Chemical or Physical Change?
odor
color
light
cannot easily be "undone"
can be reversed
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7 Which method would you use if you had to separate white blood cells from red blood cells?
A Distillation
B Electric Field
C Centrifuge
D Magnets
E Burning
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8 Liquid water boiling into steam is an example of a ________ change.
A Physical
B Permanent
C Chemical
D Impossible
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9 Mixing sugar into water is an example of a _______ change.
A Physical
B Permanent
C Chemical
D Impossible
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