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Chapter 17 The Diversity of American Colonial Societies. By: Kayla Brennan. Colombian Exchange. It was the transfer of people, animals, plants, agriculture, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds. Diseases from the Old World wiped out the majority of the native population. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 17The Diversity of American
Colonial Societies
By: Kayla Brennan
Colombian Exchange• It was the transfer of people, animals, plants,
agriculture, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
• Diseases from the Old World wiped out the majority of the native population.
• Spain and Portugal, England, and France became areas of cultural and social experimentation.
Demographic Changes• Death rates in the New World were very high
due to lack of immunity.• New World staple crops impacted European,
Asian, and African diet and agriculture.• Livestock were brought to the New World and
therefore altered the land and jobs of the natives.
Spanish Colony• Spain and Portugal expanded into the New
World rapidly.• The Spanish and Portuguese set up there
societies based on cultures and traditions of their own lands.
• Amerindian culture and practices continued.• African slave trade began.
StateSpanish
• Council of the Indies supervised the Spanish Colony.
• There were many areas controlled by viceroys.
• Taxes were in gold and silver.
Portuguese• They set up
administrative responsibilities.
• They eventually had a viceroy in Brazil.
• Sugar plantations and gold mines= intrusive colonial bureaucracy.
ChurchSpanish And Portuguese
• Wanted to convert Amerindians to Christianity• Began using torture, executions, and destruction of native
manuscripts• Bartolome de Las Casas protested the natives’ treatment• Amerindian Christianity came out which was the blend of
their beliefs with Catholic rituals associated with the Virgin Mary
• Churches made improvements to intellectual life– The printing press– Universities– Secondary schools
EconomySpanish
• Silver mines dominated the economy
• Encomienda- forced labor on the Amerindians
• Low Amerindian populations led to free wage labor
• Became a Spanish speaking Catholic colonial society
• Increased trade
Portuguese• Sugar plantations
dominated the economy in Brazil
• Worked by Amerindian slaves at first, but changed to African slaves
• This connected them commercial links around the world
SocietySpanish and Portuguese
• Populations dominated by Africans, Amerindians, and creoles• Creoles were whites born in the Americas• Indigenous elite became closer to Spanish authorities to help
them survive• Afro-Iberian slaves had similar roots of Spain and Portugal• African slaves had different languages, beliefs, and practices• Black populations grew and a lot of them bought their
freedom
English Colony• Multiple failed attempts to settle in the New
World• Jamestown brought 144 settlers to VA but 80%
died• The survivors stayed and moved inland• They discovered tobacco and this brought more
settlers.• Immigrants that could not afford the trip were
brought as indentured servants.
Government• They were ruled under the House of Burgesses
and a governor and his council• They had major fur trade• Altered the environment and Amerindian
agriculture
The Carolinas• They used slavery and plantations• African slaves brought new agricultural
techniques• South Carolina had a hierarchy type society– The rich at the top– Small farmers, cattlemen, artisans, merchants, and
fur traders were middle class– Indigenous people and slaves were at the bottom
New England• Pilgrims wanted to break off of the England church
so they emigrated to the Americas.• Settled in Plymouth and dispersed according to
their beliefs.• Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England.• They set up Massachusetts Bay Colony and
absorbed Plymouth.• Little diversity, no agriculture, few slaves• Shipped and provided commercial services
The Middle Atlantic Region• English speaking societies• Dutch settle on Manhattan Islands and
Quakers settle Pennsylvania• New York: large commercial and shipping
center• Pennsylvania: grain-exporting colony• Traded with Iroquois Confederacy
French Colony
• Interested in beaver and other animals’ furs• Made allies with Huron and Algonquin Indians• Couveurs de bois- were sent to live among
native tribes and master their customs• Deadly wars between Algonquin and Iroquois• Firearms spread and mixed in some areas with
horses
French• Jesuits converted natives to Christianity• Native religions persisted so they used money
to build schools, hospitals, and churches.• Eventually they lost Canada to the English and
lost Louisiana to Spanish.
Summary• All of the colonies applied their knowledge from
the Old World to the transforming of the New World.
• They all permanently altered the native peoples.• They brought African Americans to the New
World creating diverse societies.• They also brought silver, sugar plantations, and
fur trade into the commercial networks of that time period.
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