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Chapter 14
Useful Materials
Objectives
• 14.1 Identify common alloys and ceramics • 14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and
ceramics. • 14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and
synthetic fibers • 14.2 Describe a composite
Objectives
• 14.3 Compare and contrast the advantages of new materials used in sports with older materials
• 14.3 Identify chemical elements and materials of technology used in sports
• 14.3 Determine whether sports should alter rules about the use of technology
Alloys
• A mixture of a metal and one or more other elements– Can be another metal or non-metal
• Alloys retain the properties common to metals, but is not a pure metal
• In general, an alloy gives you benefits from both elements
Common Alloys and their Uses
• Bronze (Copper and Tin)– Jewelry, Marine Hardware
• Brass (Copper and Zinc)– Hardware, Instruments
• Sterling Silverware (Silver and Copper)– Tableware
• Pewter (Tin, Copper, Antimony)– Tableware
Common Alloys and their Uses
• Solder (Tin and Lead)– Plumbing
• Wrought Iron (Iron, Lead, Copper, Magnesium)– Fences, Porch Railings
• Steel (Carbon and a bunch of others)– More on next slide
Steel (Iron and Carbon)
• All steel is composed mainly of iron and carbon, other elements are added to help depending on what you want
• Name, Element, Property, Use• Manganese: Manganese: Very Hard: Armor Plating• Duiriron: Silicon: Acid Resistant: Pipes• Nickel: Nickel, Elastic and Corrosion Resistant:
Gears • More on pg 391
Gold Alloys
• Gold is a very soft metal, but we like it. • Karat system is used to tell you how much gold
and how much copper is used• Approximately every 1 karat equals 4% gold• 24 Karat = 100% gold• 12 Karat = 50% gold, 50% copper
Mercury Alloys
• Called Amalgams– Used mostly in dentistry
Ceramics
• Material made from dry clay or clay like mixtures– Very strong and stable chemical bonds– Used in your house for your mugs, tubs, toilets
(porcelain)– Breaks and cracks, get a new one
Glass
• A special type of ceramic which has no regular crystal structure.
• It is composed of mostly silicon and oxygen– Made from sand
• Different types of glass, some are capable of handling drastic temperature changes, others not so much– Pyrex glass good for temperature changes
Cermets
• Ceramic metals which have properties of both ceramics and metals
• Used for places where you need something tough, strong, and heat resistant– Gas turbines and rocket motors
Plastic
• Polymer based material that can be molded into a variety of shapes
• Many different types (7 types of recycling)
Polypropylene
• Rope, Textiles• Protective clothes• Carpet
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Rubber substitute• Tubing
Teflon
• Cooking non-stick– Called into question safety
Nylon
• Athletic turf, cord, netting, bristles, carpet, sutures, some clothing
Synthetic Fiber
• A strand of a polymer used in fabrics. – Kevlar is 5x stronger than steel, used for bullet
proof vests– Plus you get flexibility
Composite
• Mixture of two materials– Reinforced concrete (steel bars)– Fiber glass
Sports Continued discussion
• Is technology ruining sports? • Do old records have a chance with new
technology? • What should be allowed, what shouldn’t be? • What sports are most affected by changes in
technology? How are they?
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