Chapter 1 What is Science? Grade 7. Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might...

Chapter 1What is Science?

Grade 7

Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might reject a scientific

theory?

Some people disa

gree w

i..

It co

vers to

o broad a to

pic.

New evid

ence co

ntradict

...

It is

too old.

0% 0%

95%

5%

1. Some people disagree with it.

2. It covers too broad a topic.

3. New evidence contradicts it.

4. It is too old.

In a scientific experiment, facts, figures and other evidence gathered through

observations are called

data.

laws.

dependent varia

bles.

independent v

ariables.

91%

5%0%5%

1. data.2. laws.3. dependent variables.4. independent variables.

Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning

from what you already know is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

5% 5%14%

76%1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions is a

scientific i

nquiry.

scientific h

ypoth

esis.

scientific t

heory.

scientific l

aw.

22%17%

61%

0%

1. scientific inquiry.2. scientific hypothesis.3. scientific theory.4. scientific law.

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a

scientific question is called a(n)

predicti

on.

hypothesis

.

theory

. la

w.

5% 5%

23%

68%

1. prediction.2. hypothesis.3. theory.4. law.

A well tested explanation for a wide range of observation or experimental results is

called a scientific

inquiry

.

hypothesis

.

theory

. la

w.

20%

10%

45%

25%1. inquiry.2. hypothesis.3. theory.4. law.

Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers are called

manipulate

d observ

ations.

quantitative obse

rvations.

qualitative obse

rvati

ons.

operational o

bserva

tions.

5% 0%

80%

15%

1. manipulated observations.2. quantitative observations.3. qualitative observations.4. operational observations.

Asking which brand of superball will bounce better and designing an experiment to test it is an example of

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. a prediction.2. objective reasoning.3. scientific inquiry.4. classification.

One useful tool that may help a scientist interpret data by revealing unexpected

patterns is a

varia

ble.

graph.

theory

. la

w.

14%

0%5%

82%

1. variable.2. graph.3. theory.4. law.

Chris doesn’t think chipmunks are very smart, so her hypothesis is that they won’t be able to find the nuts she has hidden in the

garden. This is an example of _____

objective re

asoning

cultu

ral b

ias

subjecti

ve reaso

ning

experim

ental bias

5%16%

74%

5%

1. objective reasoning2. cultural bias3. subjective reasoning4. experimental bias

Making a statement or claim about what will happen in the future based on past experiences or

evidence is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

10%5%

76%

10%

1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

During an experiment, if you purposely change the temperature to test a hypothesis, the temperature is called the

independent v

ariable.

experim

ental vari

able.

hypothetica

l varia

ble.

dependent varia

ble.

52%

33%

5%10%

1. independent variable.2. experimental variable.3. hypothetical variable.4. dependent variable.

When scientists put things into categories or group together items that

are alike in some way, they are

makin

g models.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

0%

95%

0%5%

1. making models.2. inferring. 3. predicting.4. classifying.

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

85%

10%0%

5%

1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

When scientists create a representation of a complex process, they are

makin

g models.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng

classi

fying.

86%

5%0%10%

1. making models.2. inferring.3. predicting4. classifying.

In science, a hypothesis must be

corre

ct.

manipulate

d.

contro

lled.

testa

ble.

0%

68%

27%

5%

1. correct.2. manipulated.3. controlled.4. testable.

Every human being has rights. Mark is a human being, therefore, Mark has rights. This is an example of ______.

deductive

reas

oning

inducti

ve reaso

ning

subjecti

ve reaso

ning

personal

bias

64%

9%9%18%

1. deductive reasoning2. inductive reasoning3. subjective reasoning4. personal bias

A summary of what you learned from a scientific experiment is called a(n)

hypothesis

.

inquiry

.

conclu

sion.

law.

5%0%

89%

5%

1. hypothesis.2. inquiry.3. conclusion.4. law.

A scientist’s open-mindedness should always be balanced by ____, which is having an attitude of doubt.

skepticis

m

curio

sity

creativity bias

76%

10%10%5%

1. skepticism2. curiosity3. creativity4. bias

When scientific investigations produce data that show new patterns that contradict existing conclusions, scientists should

ignore

the co

ntradict

ory...

check

the data

for e

rror..

.

thro

w out the old data

a..

change th

e new data so

...

10%0%0%

90%

1. ignore the contradictory data and keep the old conclusions.

2. check the data for errors and revise or replace the old conclusions if needed.

3. throw out the old data and use the new data only to reach new conclusions.

4. change the new data so that it fits the old conclusions.

Scientific knowledge changes with

new maga

zine arti

cles.

care

ful re

ading of fa

cts.

repeate

d experim

ents.

new evidence

and new i...

0%

84%

16%

0%

1. new magazine articles.2. careful reading of facts.3. repeated experiments.4. new evidence and new

interpretations.

Which is an example of using ethics in experiments?

Makin

g sure

other s

cient..

.

Taking c

are th

at no anim

a..

Storin

g samples u

nder c...

Makin

g sure

that o

nly u...

21%

5%

16%

58%1. Making sure other scientists can repeat the experiment

2. Taking care that no animals are harmed

3. Storing samples under controlled conditions.

4. Making sure that only useful data is collected.

If you conduct an experiment and draw conclusions that are based on your beliefs rather than the facts, you are using

subjecti

ve reaso

ning.

objective re

asoning.

faulty

reas

oning.

experim

ental re

asoning.

29%24%

10%

38%

1. subjective reasoning.2. objective reasoning.3. faulty reasoning.4. experimental reasoning.

Kim notices that every time she uses a certain bird food in her feeder, cardinals land on the

feeder. She concludes that cardinals prefer this food more that other birds do. What type of

reasoning is Kim using?

deductive

reas

oning

inducti

ve reaso

ning

subjecti

ve reaso

ning

personal

bias

10% 10%15%

65%

1. deductive reasoning2. inductive reasoning3. subjective reasoning4. personal bias

To find out why food left on the kitchen counter eventually molds is an example of

using sc

ientific inquiry

developing a th

eory

makin

g a pre

diction

colle

cting d

ata

19%

48%

0%

33%1. using scientific inquiry2. developing a theory3. making a prediction4. collecting data

During an experiment, which factors must be controlled so that researchers can draw logical conclusions from the experiment?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. variables2. hypotheses3. inquiries4. theories

Be able to read a data chart and identify:• The manipulated/independent variable• The responding/dependent variable• Be able to make a prediction about future

data • Be able to draw a conclusion based on given

data

Similar to the Simpson’s worksheet…

Be able to read a scenario and identify• The manipulated/independent variable• The responding/dependent variable• The control group/variables

Be able to read a data chart and• Use inductive or deductive reasoning to form

conclusions• Make predictions