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Ch. 2: CultureCh. 2: Culture
I. Individualism v. Group Identity
I. Individualism v. Group Identity
Individualism: Individual beliefs, ideas, and actions are more important than the group
Group Identity: The good of the group is more important than the rights of the individual
Individualism: Individual beliefs, ideas, and actions are more important than the group
Group Identity: The good of the group is more important than the rights of the individual
II. High culture and popular culture
II. High culture and popular culture
High culture:
Popular Culture:
High culture:
Popular Culture:
High culture and popular culture
High culture and popular culture
High culture: Elite culture
Popular Culture: Everyday culture
High culture: Elite culture
Popular Culture: Everyday culture
High CultureHigh Culture
III. Material and non-material culture
III. Material and non-material culture
Material culture: All physical objects or artifacts, that people make and attach meaning toCars, books, clothing, churches
Non-Material Culture: Human creations that are not embodied in physical objectsValues, beliefs, norms, system of governments,
traditions
Material culture: All physical objects or artifacts, that people make and attach meaning toCars, books, clothing, churches
Non-Material Culture: Human creations that are not embodied in physical objectsValues, beliefs, norms, system of governments,
traditions
Non-Material CultureNon-Material Culture
IV. ValuesIV. Values-Value: General idea that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.
- American Values: Competition, achievement, success, activity and work, humanitarianism, efficiency and practicality, progress, material comfort, equality, freedom, conformity, science and rationality, nationalism and patriotism, democracy, individuality, racial and ethnic group superiority
-Value: General idea that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.
- American Values: Competition, achievement, success, activity and work, humanitarianism, efficiency and practicality, progress, material comfort, equality, freedom, conformity, science and rationality, nationalism and patriotism, democracy, individuality, racial and ethnic group superiority
V. NormsV. NormsNorm: A specific guideline for action – how should people behave in certain situations?-They’re unspoken customs that people know and follow
1. Shaking hands2. Raising hands in classroom
What is the difference between a norm and a value?
Norm: A specific guideline for action – how should people behave in certain situations?-They’re unspoken customs that people know and follow
1. Shaking hands2. Raising hands in classroom
What is the difference between a norm and a value?
V. NormsV. Norms
Folkways: Norms that are simply everyday habits and convention of a group of people – ex. shake hands, eat dessert after dinner, go to movies for a date, say bless you when someone sneezes
Folkways: Norms that are simply everyday habits and convention of a group of people – ex. shake hands, eat dessert after dinner, go to movies for a date, say bless you when someone sneezes
V. NormsV. NormsMores: Norms people consider vital to their well-being and to their most cherished values- ex. no cannibalism
Laws: Rules enacted by a political body and enforced by the power of the state (police or military)
Mores: Norms people consider vital to their well-being and to their most cherished values- ex. no cannibalism
Laws: Rules enacted by a political body and enforced by the power of the state (police or military)
LawsLaws
VI. Symbols and Language
VI. Symbols and Language
Symbols: Objects, gestures, sounds, or images that represent something other than themselves
Language: A system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey a more complex meaning
Symbols: Objects, gestures, sounds, or images that represent something other than themselves
Language: A system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey a more complex meaning
SymbolSymbol
LanguageLanguage
VII. Cultural Universals: Features that are common to all culturesEx. Body adornment, cooking, dancing,
feasting, forms of greeting, family, funeral ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language, music, myths, religion, toolmaking
VII. Cultural Universals: Features that are common to all culturesEx. Body adornment, cooking, dancing,
feasting, forms of greeting, family, funeral ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language, music, myths, religion, toolmaking
VIII. Cultural Integration and
Diversity
VIII. Cultural Integration and
DiversityA. A culture with high Cultural Integration
means that everything - what people do, how they think, their values, and society as a whole all fit together without much conflict
B. Cultural Diversity is cultures staying separate – in a Culture with a high level of diversity there may be conflict
A. A culture with high Cultural Integration means that everything - what people do, how they think, their values, and society as a whole all fit together without much conflict
B. Cultural Diversity is cultures staying separate – in a Culture with a high level of diversity there may be conflict
VIII. Cultural Integration and
Diversity
VIII. Cultural Integration and
DiversityC. Assimilation: the process by which newcomers to a society give up their culturally distinct beliefs, values, and customs, and take on those of the dominant culture.
C. Assimilation: the process by which newcomers to a society give up their culturally distinct beliefs, values, and customs, and take on those of the dominant culture.
VIII. Cultural Integration and
Diversity
VIII. Cultural Integration and
DiversityD. Dominant Culture: The culture that is treated normal for the society as a whole
-Subculture: A culture within a larger culture
-Counter Culture: Subcultures that are oriented towards challenging the dominant culture or deliberately trying to change it
D. Dominant Culture: The culture that is treated normal for the society as a whole
-Subculture: A culture within a larger culture
-Counter Culture: Subcultures that are oriented towards challenging the dominant culture or deliberately trying to change it
Counter CultureCounter Culture
IX. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
IX. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one’s own cultural patterns as good and right and those of others as strange or even immoral
Cultural Relativism: The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards, rather than by applying the standards of another culture
Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one’s own cultural patterns as good and right and those of others as strange or even immoral
Cultural Relativism: The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards, rather than by applying the standards of another culture
X. How is culture made?
X. How is culture made?
Cultural Gate Keepers: The group of people who have a hand in disseminating (spreading) cultureTV, music, advertisers, and more pick which
culture to promote over others
Cultural Gate Keepers: The group of people who have a hand in disseminating (spreading) cultureTV, music, advertisers, and more pick which
culture to promote over others
GatekeepersGatekeepers
XI. GlobalizationXI. Globalization
Cultures around the world becoming more and more mixed
Cultures around the world becoming more and more mixed
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ThoughtFall2002/072036C6-6082-47E2-A7A8-7C19F9CDD290/0/chp_9_402.gif http://www.medicine.northwestern.edu/bin/h/c/diversity.jpg http://www.newprophecy.net/Counter_Culture_1.jpg http://thisdistractedglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/Weather%20Underground
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http://www.lclark.edu/faculty/jsmiller/objects/idea_bulb.jpg
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