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Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
• Farmers developed methods that resulted in an increased food supply– Crop rotation – rotating crops so the nutrients in
the land are not depleted.
• As more land became available, landowners raised more sheep
• Sheep’s wool was a cash crop• Cottage Industries – wool was spun into cloth
in a person’s home
• Landowners began to enclose their land to increase income.
• Many were forced to seek work in the cities
Farming Machines
• Seed Drill– Developed by Jethro Tull– Placed seeds in rows across a plot of land
Jethro Tull
• Iron Plow– Turned the soil more easily and enabled the field
to be plowed more quickly
• Cotton Gin– Developed by Eli Whitney– Took seeds out of cotton
Eli Whitney
• Horse Drawn Reaping Machine– Enabled farmers to cut wheat much more quickly– Invented by Cyrus McCormick
Cyrus McCormick
• Threshing machine– Developed by Andrew Meikle– Separate the wheat from the husks and stalks
quickly
Andrew Meikle
• Steam Tractor– Developed by John Fowler– It lowered the cost of plowing fields
John Fowler
Industrial Revolution
• The 18th and 19th centuries• It began in Great Britain
• Factories were created to house the large machines
• Animals or running water were initially used for power
• Steam engine– James Watt made significant improvements to it– Provided consistent and reliable power for the
Industrial Revolution
• Flying shuttle– Enabled workers to weave the strands of cotton
into cloth much more rapidly– Developed by John Kay
John Kay
• Spinning Jenny– Could quickly spin many strands of cotton into
thread– Developed by James Hargreaves
James Hargreaves
• Entrepreneurs were people who developed businesses and sold their inventions
• Richard Arkwright was one of the most famous entrepreneurs
• He got the government to grant patents
Richard Arkwright
Factors that Encouraged the Rise of Industry:
1. Growing population2. Abundant raw materials3. Stable government
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