Ch. 11:The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic

Ch. 11:The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian

Republic1800-1812

The Jefferson Presidency1800-1808

Out with the Feds in with the Democratic Republicans!

1800 Election Results1800 Election Results

AdamsAdams

JeffersonJefferson

A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism1. “We are all Republican, we

are all Federalists.”2. Believed all had the

opportunity to succeed in America

3. Population growth; no problem = keep moving west!

B. Jefferson’s Gov’t1. Small, small, smalla. Military, debt and internal

taxes all reduced or eliminated on federal level Excise tax repealed. Huh? “peaceful coercion”

b. States held the power and responsible for their own debt

2. Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states

3. But no changes re:banks, tariffs, & assumption

C. An Independent Judiciary

Marbury vs. Madison1. Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are

constitutional2. LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches

D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti3. TJ’s concern?

Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans

4. LTC/Impact of purchase

a. US doubles in size – peacefully

b. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement

c. Trouble w/natives5. criticism?6. Precedent?

T.J.’s Lewis and Clark

Burr/Hamilton Duel

Problem with Neutral Rights

1. GB and FR at war; both seizes US ships

a. GB seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers

Impressment 6,000 Americans taken in all

b. Chesapeake: GB Open fires on her after refusing their demands of men claimed to be deserters; 3 US killed

c. How is America feeling right now?

d. Do we declare war?

B. The Embargo Act (1807)

1. American goods will not be exported!

2. Goal: “Peaceful Coercion”a. Recognize US neutrality b. deprive GB and Fr from

raw materials

3. Backfiresa. Exports drop by 80%b. Economic depressionc. Smuggling increased d. Let’s talk session, baby!

4. Failed thus repealed 1809a. Get supplies from Latin Amerb. Great crop year for GBc. smuggling

5. Non-intercourse Act: trade with countries other than GB and FR

#4: President Madison (1809-1817)

Dem-Republican responsible for writing constitution

The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Replaced the Embargo Act Remained in place until 1812 unexpected consequence:

NE was forced to become self-sufficient and opened old factories

Laid groundwork for the industrial revolution Jefferson, a critic of industrialization, in

essence, help promote Hamilton's economic ideas of the US

Macon’s Bill #2 Replaces the Non-

intercourse act Stipulates if FR or GB

will trade with them, the US will cut off trade with the other

FR agrees but GB is not concerned

Tensions rise between US and GB

““War Hawks”War Hawks”Dem-Rep.Dem-Rep.

““War Hawks”War Hawks”Dem-Rep.Dem-Rep.

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

Br. Instigation of IndiansBr. Instigation of IndiansBr. Instigation of IndiansBr. Instigation of Indians

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 Gen. Harrison governor of

Indiana Territory Wants Natives land; 3M acres Tecumseh organizes

confederation of Natives to fight

“the Prophet,” Tecumseh’s brothers dies at Tippecanoe

Tecumseh dies during war of 1812 at Thames Battle

Harrison = Hero Election of 1840

“Tippecanoe & Tyler too!”

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems1.1. The US was unprepared The US was unprepared

militarily:militarily:

a.a. Had a 12-ship navy vs. Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sBritain’s800 ships.800 ships.

b.b. Americans disliked a Americans disliked a draft draft preferred to preferred to enlist in the disorganized enlist in the disorganized state militias.state militias.

2.2. Financially unprepared:Financially unprepared:

a.a. Flood of paper $.Flood of paper $.

b.b. Revenue from import Revenue from import tariffs declined.tariffs declined.

3.3. Regional disagreements.Regional disagreements. Some wanted to wipe out Some wanted to wipe out

Native American base in Native American base in Canada = chants of Canada = chants of “On to “On to Canada!”Canada!”

Southerners looked to Florida.Southerners looked to Florida. We are starting to look bad if We are starting to look bad if

we cannot defend the Republic!we cannot defend the Republic! S/NE/Feds = proBritish, no to S/NE/Feds = proBritish, no to

Canada, supplied GB during Canada, supplied GB during warwar

S/W/Dem-Rep = proFrench and S/W/Dem-Rep = proFrench and want war!want war!

1812: US declares war on GB!

It’s on like donkey Kong!