CERAMICS (Le Haillan, France), a subsidiary of Paris ... · High-alumina ceramics provide high...

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High-aluminaceramicsprovidehigh

strength,hardnessandresistanceto

impact,corrosion,abrasionand

temperatureandhaveexcellent

electricalisolation.Otherimportant

rawmaterialsincludezirconia,yttrium

andrareearthoxides,siliconcarbide,

siliconnitrideandboroncarbide.

Thespotlightonceramicsmeansthat

companiesarelookingintoceramic

materialpartsthatincreaseef!ciency

andreduceemissions

Thisincludestheuseofceramicsin

highlyef!cientgasturbine

engines,hybridelectric

propulsion,lightweight

hypersonicpropulsion,rocket

propulsion

in-space

andusein

propulsion.

Ceramicmatrixcomposites(CMCs)

compriseaceramicmatrixreinforcedby

arefractory!bre,madeofamaterial

suchassiliconcarbide(SiC).

CMCsdon'tneedtobeair-cooled,

freeingup"owtoboosttheengine's

propulsionandef!ciency.

HERA

KLES

(LeHaillan,France),asubsidiaryof

Paris,France-basedSafran,SiC-based

exhaustconeisthe!rstCMCpartto"y

onajetlinerincommercialservice.

NASA

Efforts to mature CMC applications

include a SiC/SiC combustor liner,

SiC/SiC HP turbine vane, and an Ox/Ox

exhaust nozzle through its

Environmentally Responsible Aviation

(ERA) project.

BOEI

NGSuccessfully ground- and

"ight-tested

its Ox/Ox exhaust nozzle.

AEC

Exploring the ability to combine CMC

and 3D woven composite technology.

TECH

NICA

L

COMPANIESLOOKING

ATUSINGCMCIN

PLACEOFMETAL:

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SPAC

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AVE R

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QUI

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THE A

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Theadvanceshavebeenmadepossiblebythe

inclusionofnewmaterialslinkedtosmall,

concentratedmarketssuchasINDUSTRIAL

MINERALS.

Carbon!brecompositesareaffectedby

secrecyandlimitednumberofplayersin

thesupplychain.

Aluminiumisaffectedbythesupply

concentrationofalloymaterialssuchas

siliconandscandium.

Themovetowardsmoreall-electricaircraft

meansgreaterdemandfor

whichwillbeusedforanincreasingnumber

ofmotors.

A 3D printer creates 3D products by the

laying down of successive layers of

material using digital technology, a

process also known as "additive

manufacturing.#

Researchers in the US have recently come

up with a method of3D printing

ceramic microlattices, which have

fewer

"aws than ceramics made using

conventional sintering processes, and

could be used in

or

space shuttles

other

and

aerial vehicles

jet

engines.

2014!gures

OF LA

RGE C

OMPA

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ARE

75%

ADOP

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2015

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$5.16

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TheairlinesectorinAsian

countries,whichusedtobe

governmentownedandcontrolled,hasnow

openedup,allowingindependentcompanies

toestablishthemselves.

GROW

TH IN

THE

AERO

SPAC

E SEC

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IS B

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DRI

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BY

ASIA

TITA

NIUM

SPO

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170,

000

CONS

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EVER

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NNES

$1.5

-2BN

ESTI

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VAL

UETheaerospaceindustry

accountsforaround80-

87%ofthis,and

excludingthemilitary

industry,consumes50,000

to60,000tpasponge.

Growthintheindustry,

isoccurringatanannual

rateof5-6%.

(GroupDF)

ALUM

INIU

Musedinaircraft,missiles,

spacecraft.

ExtractedfromBAUXITE

CAUSTICSODAisusedtoextract

aluminafrombauxite

AttheSMELTER:Kilnusesrefractory

materialssuchasGRAPHITE(forthe

anode)MAGNESIA,MULLITE,ANDALUSITE,

CHROMITE

LITH

IUM

usedasanalloywithALUMINIUMin

aircraftmanufacture

QUAR

TZusedinsignaltesting

ZIRC

ONIU

Musedinmissilesandaircraft,aero

enginesandparts,turbinesand

turbinegeneratorsetunitsand

nuclearfuelassemblies

ZIRCONIA(ZrO2)isobtainedby

processingZIRCON(ZrSiO4)or

BADDELEYITE(naturalzirconia)

SILI

CON

CARB

IDE(SiC)

usedinradioequipment

GRAP

HITE

usedtomakecarbon!bres

TITA

NIUM

DIOX

IDE(TiO2)

usedincoatings

ILMENITEandRUTILEareusedtomake

TiO2

TITA

NIUM

SPON

GEProducedfromtitaniumtetrachloride

(TiCI4)viathechlorideprocess,

reducingtheILMENITE,orfromRUTILE

SLAG

MIN

ERAL

S IN

AER

OSPA

CE

THRO

AT IN

SERT

SAN

D GU

IDE V

ANES

Carbon composites are used in aeroplane

brakes wherelight weight, low

wear rate,

temperature

and

resistance

critical

are

.

USED

FOR

PROP

ELLA

NTRO

CKET

EXHA

UST

NOZZ

LES

GRAPHITE

consu

ltancy

.A

t 95%

confid

ence

, In

dust

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as

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betw

een 3

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figure

base

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surv

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conduct

ed in

Apr

2015, has

been independently

audited b

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SO

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OR

I, the inte

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edia

**IM

reader

surv

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conduct

ed in

April 2015

(Google

analy

tics

Sept 2015 -

Jan 2

016)

A CH

ANGI

NG IN

DUST

RYTheperformanceofaircraftengines

hasadvancedoverthepast70years

sourc

e M

ike R

olli

nger

RAREEARTHMAGNETS

CERA

MIC

S

DYSP

ROSI

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ODYM

IUM

PRAS

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MIU

MLA

NTHA

NUM

MOL

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NUM

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PIUM

RARE

usedinmagnets

usedinmagnets

lasers,capacitators

usedin

!breoptics

usedinbatteries

usedinmissiles,

spacecraftand

aeroplaneengines

usedinnuclearcontrol

rodsandlasers

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HS