Centro’de’Transferenciade Tecnologíaen Transportación...

Centro de Transferencia de Tecnología en Transportación Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrimensura

UPR-‐Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez Call Box 9000 * Mayagüez, PR 00681

Tel. 787-‐834-‐6385 * Fax: 787-‐265-‐5695 * www.uprm.edu/prt2

26 y 27 de marzo de 2015

Instructor

Dr. Benjamín Colucci Ríos Catedrá/co

Departamento de Ingeniería Civil UPR – Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez

29 Años de Excelencia en el Adiestramiento de Oficiales de Transportación a Nivel Municipal, Estatal, y Federal en Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes

Día 2

CHAPTERS

6A. General

6B. Fundamental Principles

6C. TTC Elements

6D. Pedestrian & Worker Safety

6E. Flagger Control

6F. TTC Zone Devices

6G. Type of TTC Zone Activities

6H. Typical Applications

6I. Control of Traffic through Traffic Incident ManagementAreas

PART 6. TEMPORARY

TRAFFIC CONTROL

PUERTO RICO TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER

Remember from yesterday…3

Definitions – quick overview of definitions

especially:

Standard

Guidance

Option

Support

Chapter 6 (Parts A through D)

Standard4

A. A statement of required, mandatory,

or specifically prohibitive practice

regarding a traffic control device.

All Standard statements are labeled,

and the text appears in bold type.

The verb “shall” is typically used…

http://www.sjroadworks.com/

Guidance5

B. A statement of recommended,

but not mandatory, practice in

typical situations, with

deviations allowed if engineering

judgment or engineering study

indicates the deviation to be

appropriate. All Guidance

statements are labeled, and the

text appears in unbold type. The

verb “should” is typically used...

• Fulfill a need

• Command attention

• Convey a clear, simple meaning

• Command respect from road users

• Give adequate time for proper response

Guidance:

To be effective, a traffic control device should meet five basic requirements:

Option6

C. A statement of practice that is

a permissive condition and

carries no requirement or

recommendation. Option

statements sometime contain

allowable modifications to a

Standard or Guidance statement.

All Option statements are

labeled, and the text appears in

unbold type. The verb “may” is

typically used.

http://grace.allpurposeguru.com/

Support7

D. An informational

statement that does not

convey any degree of

mandate,

recommendation,

authorization,

prohibition, or

enforceable condition.

Support statements are

labeled, and the text

appears in unbold type.

The verbs “shall,”

“should,” and “may” are

not used in Support

statements.http://www.nestechenterprises.com/

Changeable Message Sign8

28. A sign that is capable of displaying more than one message (one

of which might be a “blank” display), changeable manually, by remote

control, or by automatic control. Electronic-display changeable

message signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the

National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture and are

referred to as Variable Message Signs in the National Electrical

Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards publication.

http://www.interwestsafety.com/ http://www.csppacific.co.nz/

Channelizing Device9

May be used for general traffic control purposes such as adding emphasis to reversible lane delineation, channelizing lines, or islands. Channelizing devices may also be used along a center line to preclude turns or along lane lines to preclude lane changing, as determined by engineering judgment.

Tubular markers

Vertical panels

Lane separators

Raised islandshttp://www.quietzonetech.com/

http://www.pdbrooks.com/

http://www.peytonsbarricade.com/

CHAPTER 3H

Clear Zone10

33. The total roadside

border area, starting at the

edge of the traveled way,

that is available for an

errant driver to stop or

regain control of a vehicle.

This area might consist of

a shoulder, a recoverable

slope, and/or a non-

recoverable, traversable

slope with a clear run-out

area at its toe.http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/

Crashworthy11

43. A characteristic of a roadside appurtenance that has been

successfully crash tested in accordance with a national standard

such as the National Cooperative Highway Research Program

Report 350, “Recommended Procedures for the Safety

Performance Evaluation of Highway Features.”

http://www.cbt.com.my/

Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signal12

62. A special traffic control signal that assigns the right-of-way to an

authorized emergency vehicle.

http://www.elteccorp.com/

Engineering judgment13

64. The evaluation of available pertinent

information, and the application of

appropriate principles, provisions, and

practices as contained in this Manual and

other sources, for

the purpose of deciding upon the

applicability, design, operation, or

installation of a traffic control device.

Engineering judgment shall be exercised

by an engineer, or by an individual working

under the supervision of an engineer,

through the application of procedures and

criteria established by the engineer.

Documentation of engineering judgment is

not required.

Engineering study14

65. The comprehensive analysis and

evaluation of available pertinent

information, and the application of

appropriate principles, provisions, and

practices as contained in this Manual

and other sources, for the purpose of

deciding upon the applicability, design,

operation, or installation of a traffic

control device. An engineering study

shall be performed by an engineer, or

by an individual working under the

supervision of an engineer, through the

application of procedures and criteria

established by the engineer. An

engineering study shall be documented.

http://lx-group.com.au/

Flashing Beacon15

Provides: traffic control when used

as an intersection control beacon

warning when used in other applications

Highway traffic signal with one or more signal sections that

operates in a flashing mode.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/

CHAPTER 4L

Hybrid Beacon16

88. A special type of beacon that is intentionally placed in a dark mode

(no indications displayed) between periods of operation and, when

operated, displays both steady and flashing traffic control signal

indications.

Speed17

214. Speed is defined based on the following classifications:

(a) Average Speed

• the summation of the instantaneous or spot-measured speeds at a specific location of vehicles divided by the number of vehicles observed.

(b) Design Speed

• a selected speed used to determine the various geometric design features of a roadway.

(c) 85th-Percentile Speed

• the speed at or below which 85 percent of the motor vehicles travel.

(d) Operating Speed

• a speed at which a typical vehicle or the overall traffic operates.

(e) Pace

• the 10 mph speed range representing the speeds of the largest percentage of vehicles in the traffic stream.

Temporary Traffic Control (TTC) Zone18

229. An area of a highway where road user conditions are

changed because of a work zone or incident by the use of

temporary traffic control devices, flaggers, uniformed law

enforcement officers, or other authorized personnel.

http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/

Traffic Control Device (TCD)19

238. A sign, signal, marking, or other

device used to regulate, warn, or

guide traffic, placed on, over, or

adjacent to a street, highway, private

road open to public travel, pedestrian

facility, or shared-use path by

authority of a public agency or

official having jurisdiction, or, in the

case of a private road open to public

travel, by authority of the private

owner or private official having

jurisdiction.

Worker20

256. A person on foot whose

duties place him or her within

the right-of-way of a street,

highway, or pathway, such as

street, highway, or pathway

construction and maintenance

forces, survey crews, utility

crews, responders to incidents

within the street, highway, or

pathway right-of-way, and law

enforcement personnel when

directing traffic, investigating

crashes, and handling lane

closures, obstructed roadways,

and disasters within the right-of-

way of a street, highway, or

pathway.

http://www.highwaysindustry.com/

CHAPTER 6E. FLAGGER CONTROL

FLAGGER CONTROL AND TTC

ZONE DEVICES FOR

TEMPORARY WORK ZONES

Qualifications for Flaggers

Guidance23

Flaggers are responsible for public safety

Flaggers make the greatest number of contacts with the public of all highway workers

Flaggers should be trained in safe traffic control practices and public contact techniques http://accesslaborservice.com/

Qualifications for Flaggers

Guidance24

Flaggers should be able to satisfactorily demonstrate the following abilities:

Receive and communicate specific instructions clearly, firmly, and courteously;A.

Move and maneuver quickly in order to avoid danger from errant vehicles;B.

Control signaling devices (such as paddles and flags) in order to provide clear and positive guidance to drivers approaching a TTC zone in frequently changing situations;

Understand and apply safe traffic control practices, sometimes in stressful or emergency situations; andD.

Recognize dangerous traffic situations and warn workers in sufficient time to avoid injuryE.

High-Visibility Safety Apparel

Standards

For daytime and nighttime activity, flaggers shallwear high-visibility safety apparel that meets the Performance Class 2 or 3 requirements of the ANSI/ISEA 107-2004 publication…

The apparel background material color shall be fluorescent orange-red, fluorescent yellow-green, or a combination of the two as defined in the ANSI standard.

The Retroreflective material shall be orange, yellow, white, silver, yellow-green, or a fluorescent version of these colors, and shall be visible at a minimum distance of 1,000 ft.

The retroreflective safety apparel shall be designed to clearly identify the wearer as a person.

Guidance – For nighttime activity, safety apparel for Class 3 risk exposure should be considered

Guidance

For nighttime activity, high-visibility safety apparel

that meets the Performance Class 3 requirements of

the ANSI/ISEA 107-2004 publication… and

labeled as meeting the ANSI 107-2004 standard

performance for Class 3 risk exposure should be

considered for flagger wear.

Standards

When uniformed law enforcement officers are used

to direct traffic within a TTC zone, they shall wear

high-visibility safety apparel as described in this

section.

Hand-Signaling Devices

Guidance:

Primary and preferred device STOP/SLOW paddle

Standard:

Shall have an octagonal shape on a rigid handle

Shall be at least 18 in wide with letters at least 6 in high

The STOP face shall have white letters and border on a red background

The SLOW face shall have black letters and border on an orange background

When used at night, the STOP/SLOW paddle shall be retroreflectorized

Standard:

If flashing lights are used on the STOP face of the paddle, their colors shall be all white or all red.

If flashing lights are used on the SLOW face of the paddle, their colors shall be all white or all yellow.

… the flash rate shall be at least 50, but not more than 60 flashes per minute.

Guidance:

Emergency situations Red Flags

Standard:

Flags shall be red or fluorescent orange/red in color

Shall be a minimum of 24 in square

Shall be securely fastened to a staff that is ~36 in in

length.

When used at nighttime, flags shall be

retroreflectorized red.

Automated Flagger Assistance Devices

Types of AFADs:

A. An AFAD that uses a

remotely controlled

STOP/SLOW sign on either

a trailer or a movable cart

system to alternately control

right-of-way.

B. An AFAD that uses a remotely

controlled red and yellow

lenses and a gate arm to

alternately control right-of-

Standard:

AFADs shall only be used in situations where there is only one lane of approaching traffic in the direction to be controlled.

When used at night, the AFAD location shall be illuminated.

Guidance:

AFADs should not be used for long-term stationary work

Standard:

AFADs shall meet the crashworthy performance criteria.

An AFAD shall be operated only by a flagger who has been trained on the operation of the AFAD.

The flagger(s) operating the AFAD(s) shall not leave the AFAD(s) unattended at any time while the AFAD(s) is being used.

STOP/SLOW

Standard:

A STOP/SLOW AFAD shall include a STOP/SLOW sign that alternately displays the STOP face and the SLOW face of a STOP/SLOW paddle.

Guidance:

The STOP/SLOW AFAD should include a gate arm that descends to a down position across the approach lane of traffic when the STOP face is displayed and then ascends to an upright position when the SLOW face is displayed.

STOP/SLOW

Standard:

Gate arms shall be fully retroflectorized on both sides and shall have vertical alternating red and white stripes at 16 in intervals measured horizontally.

Red/Yellow Lens

Standard:

A Red/Yellow Lens AFAD shall alternately display a steadily

illuminated CIRCULAR RED lens and a flashing CIRCULAR

YELLOW lens to control traffic without the need for a flagger in

the immediate vicinity of the AFAD or on the roadway.

A Red/Yellow Lens AFAD shall include a gate arm that

descends to a down position across the approach lane of

traffic when the steady CIRCULAR RED lens is illuminated and

then ascends to an upright position when the flashing CIRCULAR

YELLOW lens is illuminated.

Red/Yellow Lens

Automated Flagger Assistance Devices39

Flagger Procedures

Standard:

Flaggers shall use a STOP/SLOW paddle, a flag, or

an AFAD to control road users approaching a TTC

The use of hand movements alone without a paddle,

flag, or AFAD to control road users shall be

prohibited except for law enforcement personnel or

emergency responders at incident scenes…

Flagger Procedures41

Flagger Stations

Standard:

Flagger stations shall be located such that approaching road users will have sufficient distance to stop at an intended stopping point.

Guidance:

Flagger stations should be located such that an errant vehicle has additional space to stop without entering the work space.

The flagger should identify an escape route that can be used to avoid being struck by an errant vehicle.

Flagger Stations

Standard:

Except in emergency situations,

Flagger stations shall be preceded

by an advance warning sign or

signs.

Flagger stations shall be

illuminated at night

Flagger Stations, MUTCD 2009 Edition46

Flagger Safety Tips47

CHAPTER 6F. TEMPORARY TRAFFIC

CONTROL ZONE DEVICES

Temporary Traffic Control Zones

Devices Definition

Standard

TCD shall be defined as all signs, signals, markings, and other devices used to regulate, warn, or guide road users, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, private roads open to public travel, pedestrian facility, or bikeway by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction.

All traffic control devices used for construction, maintenance, utility, or incident management operations on a street, highway, or private road open to public travel shall comply with the applicable provisions of the MUTCD.

Human Factor and Information

Processing in Work Zones 53

People drive normally through work zones, even whenthere are traffic control devices present in the roadway, unless there is evident activity (workers, equipment, etc.)

Lack of driver familiarity

with temporary traffic

control signals

Unexpected conditions

along work zone

http://www.betterroads.com/

Function of Traffic Control Devices (TCD)

Promote highway safety

Provide for the orderly and predictable movement of all

traffic

Provide guidance and warning as needed

Types of TCD

Warning signs

Channelizing devices

Lighting devices

Shadow vehicles / advanced warning truckhttp://www.quietzonesd.info/

General Characteristics of Signs

Standards

The colors for regulatory signs shall follow the

Standards for regulatory signs in Table 2A-5.

Warning signs in TTC zones shall have a black

legend and border on an orange background except:

Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-1) sign which shall

have a black legend and border on a yellow background.

Signs that are required or recommended to have fluorescent

yellow-green backgrounds.

Colors for guide signs shall follow the Standards in

Table 2A-5 and Chapter 2D except:

Guide signs as otherwise provided in Section 6F.55

General Characteristics of Signs

Standards

When standard orange flags or

flashing warning lights are used

in conjunction with signs, they

shall not block the sign face.

For freeways and expressways,

the size of diamond shaped TTC

warning signs shall be a minimum

of 48 x 48 in.

Temporary Traffic Control Zones

Devices Regulations

Standard

All signs used at night shall be either retroreflective with a material that has a smooth, sealed outer surface or illuminated to show the same shape and similar color both day and night.

The requirement for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street, highway, or strobe lighting.

http://www.tapconet.com/

Temporary Traffic Control Zone Sign and Plaque Sizes

Figure 6F-1. Height and Lateral

Location of Signs—Typical Installations59

Sign Placement

Standards

Signs mounted on barricades and barricade/sign combinations

shall be crashworthy

Where it has been determined that the accommodation of

pedestrians with disabilities is necessary, signs shall be

mounted and placed in accordance with “Americans with

Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and

Facilities (ADAAG)”.

Sign supports shall be crashworthy.

Where large signs having an area exceeding 50 square feet are installed on multiple breakaway posts, the clearance from the ground to the bottom of the sign shall be at least 7 feet.

The bottom of a sign mounted on a barricade, or other portable support, shall be at least 1 foot above the traveled way.

Sign Placement

Standards

signs: hole in window

Why is it important that the signs be crashworthy?

Example of Windshield Penetration

X-stands w/ vinyl roll-ups

Sign Placement68

Neither portable nor permanent sign

supports should be located on

sidewalks, bicycle facilities, or areas

designated for pedestrian or bicycle

traffic.

Except as noted in the Option, signs

mounted on portable supports should

not be used for a duration of more

than 3 days.

Sign Placement69

For mobile operations, a sign may be mounted on a

work vehicle, a shadow vehicle, or a trailer

stationed in advance of the TTC zone or moving

along with it.

Portable Changeable Message Signs

(PCMS) 70

PCMS are TTC devices installed for

temporary use with the flexibility to

display a variety of messages.

A PCMS should be limited to three lines

of eight characters per line.

Portable Changeable Message Signs

(PCMS) 71

PCMS shall display only traffic operational,

regulatory, warning, and guidance information, and

shall not be used for advertising messages.

Techniques of message display such as animation,

rapid flashing, …, or other dynamic elements shall

not be used.

Arrow Boards

Standards72

Shall be a sign with a matrix of elements capable of either

flashing or sequential displays.

Shall provide additional warning and directional information to

assist in merging and controlling road users through or around a

TTC zone.

Arrow boards shall meet the minimum size, legibility distance,

number of elements, and other specifications shown in Figure 6F-6.

Arrow Boards

Standards73

Type A, B, and C arrow boards shall have solid rectangular appearances.

A Type D arrow board shall conform to the shape of the arrow.

All arrow boards shall be finished in non-reflective black.

The arrow board shall be mounted on a vehicle, a trailer, or other suitable support.

The arrow board shall have suitable elements capable of the various operating modes.

The color presented by the elements shall be yellow.

A vehicle displaying an arrow board shall be equipped with high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights.

Types of Arrow Boards74

Type A - use on low-speed urban streets.

Type B - for intermediate-speed facilities and for maintenance

or mobile operations on high-speed roadways.

Type C - intended to be used on high-speed, high-volume motor

vehicle traffic control projects.

Type D - intended for use on authorized vehicles.

Advance Warning Arrow Board

Display Specifications75

Channelizing Devices

Tubular Markers

Vertical Panels

Barricades

All channelizing devices shall be crashworthy

Category 1 Devices77

Shall be predominantly orange.

Shall be made of a material that can be struck without causing damage to the impacting vehicle.

For nighttime use - shall be retroreflectorized or equipped with lighting devices for maximum visibility.

Drums78

Drums used for road user warning or channelization shall be

constructed of lightweight, deformable materials.

Metal drums shall not be used.

Drums shall have closed tops that will not allow collection of

construction debris or other debris.

Cones - Standards79

Category 2 Devices

Vertical panels, Type I, II, or III barricades, portable

sign stands

Category 1 devices w/ attachments (< 45 kg (100

lbs) up to 100 kg)

Must be crash tested

by approved agency

Type 1, 2, or 3 Barricades81

A barricade is a portable or fixed device having from one to

three rails with appropriate markings and is used to control

road users by closing, restricting, or delineating all or a portion

of the right-of-way.

Barricades are classified as Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3.

Type 1 or Type 2 Barricades are intended for use in situations

where road user flow is maintained through the TTC zone.

Type 1 Barricades may be used on conventional roads or

urban streets.

Guidance:

Type 2 or Type 3 Barricades should be used on freeways

and expressways or other high-speed roadways.

Type 3 Barricades should be used to close or partially

close a road.

Type 2 Type 3

WZ Category 3 Devices

Temporary barriers

Barrier joints must provide

tensile & moment capacity

New units must meet NCHRP

350 by Oct 2002

Crash cushions & TMA’s

Can be tested to TL-2 or TL-

Must be crash tested by

approved agency

Uses for Temporary Longitudinal

Barriers

Prevent Access to Work Zone

Provide Positive Protection for Workers

Separate Two-Way Traffic

Protect Falsework

http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/

Lane Closure with a

Temporary Traffic Barrier

(TA-34)

Temporary Traffic Barriers87

Portable Concrete Barriers (PCB)

Positive protection to road workers

Avoid penetration in work area

Modular design

Impact angle: 15°- 25°

Height: 32”

Base width: 24”

Top width: 6”

Length: 84” (7’)

Maximum deflection: 0 – 5 feet

Portable Concrete Barriers89

PUERTO RICO TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER91

Steel Portable Barriers93

Plastic Portable Barriers

Quickchange Moveable Barrier

Chain of modified F-shape barrier segments

T-shape on top to allow pick up of segments

Lateral movement from 4 to 18 ft

Maximum deflection of 28 in at TL-3 design impact

Transfer speed of 5 to 10 mph

Work Zone Crash Cushions97

Triton CET Concrete End Treatment98

Category 4 Devices

Portable, usually trailer-mounted devices

Lighting supports, flashing arrow panels, temporary

traffic signals, & changeable message signs

Should be delineated or shielded

Use good placement practices

Sample Crash Cushions for Work Zones

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 6G. TYPE OF TEMPORARY TRAFFIC

CONTROL ZONE ACTIVITIES

Typical Applications:103

Support:

01. Each TTC zone is different. Many variables, such as location of work, highway type, geometrics, vertical and horizontal alignment, intersections, interchanges, road user volumes, road vehicle mix (buses, trucks, and cars), and road user speeds affect the needs of each zone. The goal of TTC in work zones is safety with minimum disruption to road users. The key factor in promoting TTC zone safety is proper judgment.

Typical Applications:104

Support:

02. Typical applications (TAs) of TTC zones are organized according to duration, location, type of work, and highway type. Table 6H-1 is an index of these typical applications. These typical applications include the use of various TTC methods, but do not include a layout for every conceivable work situation

Work Duration105

Standard:

The five categories of work duration and their time at a location shall be:

Long-term stationary

• work that occupies a location more than 3 days

Intermediate term

stationary

• work that occupies a location more than one daylight period up to 3 days, or nighttime work lasting more than 1 hour

Short-term stationary

• daytime work that occupies a location for more than 1 hour within a single daylight period

Short duration

• work that occupies a location up to 1 hour

Mobile• work that moves intermittently or

continuously

CHAPTER 6H. DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL

APPLICATIONS OF ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED

TO HIGHWAY WORK ZONES

Chapter 6H: Typical Applications

(p 631)

Support

A total of 46 Typical Applications.

Can generally be adapted to a broad range of conditions.

An appropriate TTC plan is achieved by combining features from various typical applications.

Procedures for establishing TTC zones vary with conditions as

road configuration, location of the work, work activity, duration of work, road user volumes, road vehicle mix and road user speeds.

Example

Work at an intersection might present a near-side work zone for one street and a far-side work zone for the other street. These treatments are found in two different typical applications, while a third typical application shows how to handle pedestrian crosswalk closures.

(p 631) (Cont.)108

In general, TA’s represent minimum solutions for the

situations depicted.

Except for the notes, the information presented in the

typical applications can generally be regarded as

Guidance.

(p 631) (Cont.)109

Option

Other devices may be added to supplement the

devices.

Device spacing may be adjusted to provide additional

reaction time or delineation.

Fewer devices may be used based on field conditions.

Index to Typical Applications (p 632)110

Meaning of Symbols on Typical

Application Diagrams115

Meaning of Letter Codes on Typical

Application Diagrams116

Formulas for Determining Taper Lenght117

TTC ZONE EXERCISE:RURAL SETTING

Exercise # 1: TTC 4 Lane Rural Divided

Highway

Given:

4 lane rural divided highway (2 lanes per direction)

Posted speed limit or 85th percentile off-peak speed, S = 55 mph

Lane width, W = 12 ft / lane (3.65 m/lane)

Outside shoulder width, w = 10 ft (3 m)

Work space = 0.5 mile (0.8 km)

Duration of work = 2 months

Traffic = 40,000 vpd

Exercise # 1: TTC 4 Lane Rural Divided

Highway

Required:

1. Length of advance

warning area

2. Length of shoulder taper

3. Length of transition area

4. Length of activity area

5. Length of longitudinal

buffer

6. Length of termination

Calculate using MUTCD

Part 6 Standards and

Guidelines

Aspects to Consider in TTC Zones123

Type of work activity

Location and duration (short–term, intermediate-term, long-term)

Daytime / Nighttime / Both periods

Roadway type / functional classification

Traffic volume

Speed differential

Hazard potential

Prevention

Standard of care

Select MUTCD Typical Application (TA)

(Chapter 6H)124

Stationary Lane

Closure on Rural

Divided Highway

(TA-33)

Stationary

Lane Closure

on Rural

Divided

Highway

(TA-33)

Transition Area :

Shoulder, Merging and Downstream Taper127

Maximum distance in meters (feet) between devices in a

taper should not exceed 0.2 times the speed limit in km/h

(1.0 times the speed limit in mph).

Merging taper = L

Shoulder taper = 0.33L

L = taper length (feet)

W = width of offset (feet)

S = posted speed limit (mph)

85th perc. speed

anticipated op. speed

Downstream taper

Minimum Taper Lengths129

feetSWL

taperShoulder

feetSWL

taperMerging

5.18155033.033.0

5505510

6605512

660 feet

181.5 feet

100 feet

660 feet

181.5 feet

Activity

Area =

Work space

Buffer space

buffer

Traffic

100 feet

Length of Activity Area as a Function

of Speed*132

Work space = 2640 feet

Longitudinal buffer = 495 feet

Length of Activity Area

= 2640 + 495 = 3,135 feet

660 feet

181.5 feet

Activity

Area =

3,135 feetLong.

buffer

Traffic

495 feet

100 feet

V < 40 mph = Low Speed V > 45 mph = High Speed

Table 6C-1. Suggested Advance

Warning Sign Spacing

Distancias en metros (pies)

660 feet

181.5 feet

Activity

Area =

3,135 feetLong.

buffer

Traffic

495 feet

100 feet

2,640 feet

1,500 feet

1,000 feet

TTC ZONE EXERCISE:URBAN SETTING

Exercise # 2: TTC Lane Closure on

Urban Minor Street

Given:

Utility work

2 lane urban minor street (1 lane each direction)

Posted speed limit or 85th percentile off-peak speed, S = 25 mph (low speed)

Lane width, W = 10 ft / lane (3.048 m/lane)

Work space = 150 ft (60.96 m)

Duration of work = 1 week

Traffic = 350 vpd (low volume)

Exercise # 2: TTC 2 Lane on Urban

Minor Street

Required:

1. Length of advance

warning area

2. Length of transition area

3. Length of activity area

4. Length of longitudinal

buffer

5. Calculate using MUTCD

Part 6 Standards and

Guidelines

Typical Application143

Look for Typical Application #18

Typical Application #18

Advance Warning Area

Longitudinal

buffer

Transition

Activity

How long

should the

activity area

Length of Activity Area as a Function

of Speed*147

Work space = 150 feet

Longitudinal buffer = 155 feet

Length of Activity Area

= 150 + 155 = 305 feet

Minimum Taper Length148

Where:L = taper length (feet)W = width of offset (feet)S = posted speed limit (mph)

85th percentile speedanticipated op. speed

Calculate A149

A=100 feet

V < 40 mph = Low Speed V > 45 mph = High Speed

Work Space

= 150 ft

Longitudinal

Buffer = 155 ft

Transition Area

(Taper Length, L) = 105 ft

Activity

Area = 305 ft*

Advanced Warning Area, A = 100 ft

* 305 feet

plus length

of work

Roadside Design Guide151

Obtain more information regarding work trucks and other safety features for work zones from AASHTO’s Roadside Design Guide, 4th Edition 2011

Shadow Vehicle Priority Guidelines152

Based on:

Facility Type (freeway or non-freeway)

Activity Type (stationary or mobile)

Type of Closure (lane closure, shoulder closure)

Truck and Trailer Mounted Attenuators (TMAs)

Priority of use of protective vehicle:

A-very highly recommended

B-highly recommended

C-recommended

D-desirable

E-may be justified under special conditions

Priority of use of TMA on protective vehicle:

1-very highly recommended

2-highly recommended

3-recommended

4-desirable

5-may be justified under special conditions

Shadow Vehicle – Very Highly Recommended

TMA – Desirable (Use Engineering Judgment)

Guidelines for Spacing of Shadow Vehicles

Spacing of shadow

vehicles depending of

weight of the vehicle:

• 9,900 lb – 22,000 lb

• >22,000 lb

Operating Speed

(Traffic)

Recommended Spacing for Vehicles

Weighing <22,000 lbs and >9,900 lbs (ft)

Stationary Moving

Greater than

55mph172 222

45mph to 55mph 123 172

Less than 45mph 100 100

Source: AASHTO Roadside Design Guide

Operating Speed

(Traffic)

Recommended Spacing for Vehicles

Weighing >22,000 lbs (ft)

Stationary Moving

Greater than 55mph 150 172

45mph to 55mph 100 150

Less than 45mph 74 100

Source: AASHTO Roadside Design Guide

Recommended Spacing157

http://www.globalsources.com/

Length: 31 ft

Weight

without load:

50,000 lb

Work Space

= 150 ft

Longitudinal

Buffer = 155 ft

Truck = 131 ft

Transition Area

(Taper Length, L) = 105 ft

Activity

Area = 436 ft

Advanced Warning Area, A = 100 ft

Truck = 31 ft

Roll ahead distance = 100 ft

Activity Area (length) without truck length=305 ft

Typical Application 18 Notes159

Use your Engineering Judgment…

Examples of TMAs160

TMA with Energy-Absorbing

Cartridge

TMA with Telescoping Steel Frame and

Cutter Assembly

Several types of TMAs have met the requirements of National

Cooperative Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 or Manual for

Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH)

Examples of TMAs161

TMA with Steel Frame and Burster or

Kinker Assembly

TMA with Steel Frame or

Polyethylene Cylinder

Assembly and Arrowboard

Mobile Barrier Trailer

http://www.ct.gov/dot

Impacted Truck Mounted Attenuators162

https://www.traffixdevices.com

NCHRP? MASH?163

Roadside Design Guide

Table 5-3: Provides the

minimum test levels

required for barrier

systems. Similar tables

are available for other

work zone safety systems

with their corresponding

required test levels.

Approved Test Levels: Barriers164

Approved Test Levels: Barriers continued

What Typical Application is best suited for a lane

closure with a temporary traffic barrier?166

Lane Closure with

Temporary Traffic

Barrier (TA-34)

660 feet

181.5 feet

Activity

Area =

3,135 feet

buffer

Traffic

495 feet

100 feet

buffer

CHAPTER 6I. CONTROL OF TRAFFIC

THROUGH TRAFFIC INCIDENT

MANAGEMENT AREAS

Incident Management171

Support:

01 The National Incident

Management System

(NIMS) requires the use of

the Incident Command

System (ICS) at traffic

incident management

scenes.

Incident Management172

Support:

02 A traffic incident is an emergency road user occurrence, a natural disaster, or other unplanned event that affects or impedes the normal flow of traffic.

Incident General Classes of Duration173

Traffic incidents can be divided into three general classes of duration, each of which has unique traffic control characteristics and needs.

A. Major

• expected duration of more than 2 hours,

B. Intermediate

• expected duration of 30 minutes to 2 hours, and

C. Minor

• expected duration under 30 minutes.

QUESTIONS

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