Cellular chemistry and biomolecules€¦ · (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). !...

Cellular chemistry and biomolecules

pH scale, acids and bases. Structures, formulae and functions of simple compounds and basic biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). Structure and function of organic molecules ss  

Ch 2: Chemistry Review Ch 3: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids Ch 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life  

pH, theory and practice

h$ps://www.utdallas.edu/~brikowi/Teaching/Field_Methods/WaterQuality_Background.html    

Buffers Theory

h$p://www.wewwchemistry.com/2012/12/how-­‐do-­‐buffers-­‐work.html    

Buffers Theory and Potassium Phosphate example

h$ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_phosphate    

Buffers Tables

h$p://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/17/S1/S23    

Investigating Life, Chapter 27

•  Single-celled organisms useful for investigation •  Use of yeast •  Use of chemistry •  Visualization of

molecules and chemical properties

•  “elegant” experiment!

Carbohydrates: •  Carbon skeleton •  -OH group •  ‘saccharides’ •  ‘ose’ •  Ring structure •  Drawing out helps •  alpha, beta

Carbohydrates: •  Linkages

matter •  Glycosidic •  Disaccharide

Carbohydrates: •  Linkages matter •  Glycosidic •  Polysaccharide •  Structure •  Digestability

h$ps://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/230/ProperLes+of+Macromolecules+II-­‐Nucleic+Acids%2C+Polysaccharides+and+Lipids    

h$p://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch3carbolipidnotes.html    

Carbohydrates: •  Can be

modified in many ways

•  Function

Lipids: •  Hydrophobic •  Non polar •  van der Waals •  Very diverse •  Fats •  Oils •  Fatty acid •  Waxes •  Steroid •  Carotenoid •  Phospholipid h$p://journal.fronLersin.org/arLcle/10.3389/fphys.2013.00168/full    

Lipids: •  Hydrophobic •  Non polar •  van der

Waals •  Very diverse

h$p://wiki.chemprime.chemeddl.org/index.php/CoreChem:Nonpolar_Lipids    

•  Fats •  Oils •  Saturated/

unsaturated •  Fatty acid •  Waxes

h$p://people.uwpla$.edu/~sundin/354-­‐7/l547-­‐49.htm    

Lipids: •  Hydrophobic •  Non polar •  van der Waals •  Very diverse •  Xanthophyll, Carotenoid •  Cholesterol, Steroid •  (anthocyanin, tannin not

lipid)

h$p://www.worldsciencefesLval.com/2014/10/autumn-­‐leaf-­‐chem/  h$p://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/2547?e=gob-­‐ch17_s04      h$p://equipped.outdoors.org/2014/10/why-­‐do-­‐leaves-­‐turn-­‐different-­‐colors.html    

Nucleic Acids: Genes and beyond

Nucleic Acid •  Genetic •  Polymerization •  DNA vs RNA •  Replication

h$p://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/dna_molecule.php  

Nucleic Acids Origin of LIfe

•  Controversy •  Boiled, stoppered

flasks still clouded and contained microorganisms

•  Did air itself contain “vital force”?

•  Francesco Redi (1688): •  Maggots do NOT

appear on sealed-off meat

•  Louis Pasteur (1860’s): sterile cotton and swan-neck flask •  Technique was careful •  Results clear

Picture from Amoebamike at Wordpress.com: http://amoebamike.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/spontaneous-generation-a-brief-history-of-disproving-it/ Picture from MyXavierWiki: http://elf.xs.edu.ph/wiki/Francesco_Redi

h$p://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=149  

Nucleic Acids Origin of LIfe

•  Controversy •  Which

molecule? •  Avery,

MacLeod, McCarty (1944)

Lab 3c intro Use cultures innoculate today… maybe not

your pair, but your team’s Protein extraction Mechanical choice

Buffer choice Enzyme choice

•  CENTRIFUGATION •  SUPERNATANT

•  FILTER for chromatography on FPLC