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8/2/2019 Carbon Dioxide Absorption_lw08
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CARBON DIOXIDE
ABSORPTIONANESTHESIOLOGY NURSING PROGRAMFLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
LINDA WUNDER MSN, CRNA
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Circle absorption anesthetic breathingsystem.
Gas flows in a circular pathway throughseparate inspiratory and expiratorychannels.
Components include: fresh gas source,
unidirectional valves, Y-piece connector,corrugated inspiratory and expiratorybreathing tubes, pop-off valves, reservoirbag, and CO2 absorber.
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Functions of CO2 absorption includecomplete removal of Co2 from the circle
system.
Hydroxide(base) neutralizes CO2(acid)
producing end products of H2O,carbonates, and heat(exothermic)
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CO2 ABSORPTION
CO2 absorbent materials consist of amixture of porous granules made up of
base (hydroxide)
Two types of absorbents
Soda Lime (Sodasorb)Barium hydroxide (Baralyme)
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Soda Lime consist of4% NaOH,1%KOH,76% TO 81% CaOH,14% TO 19% H2O
4-8 Mesh size granules-higher the mesh numberthe smaller the granule
Large granules provide small surface area anddecrease resistance to flow
Moisture is added to prevent drying out and silicais added for hardness
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Chemical reaction of Soda Lime
A. CO2+H2O H2CO3
B. 2H2CO3+2NaOH FastNaCO3+4H20+Heat
2KOH K2CO
C. 2Ca(OH)2+NaCO3 slow2CaCO3+2NaOH=Heat
K2CO3 2CaCO3+2KOH
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Barium Hydroxide Lime Consist of:
20% Ba(OH) (8H2O), and 80% CaOH
Small amounts of NaOH and KOH may beadded
Granules are 4-8 mesh
No hardening agent is needed It is slightly less efficient than soda lime
but less likely to dry out
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Chemical Reaction of Barium Hydroxidelime
A. Ba(OH)2(8H2O)+CO2
BaCO3+9H2O
B. 9H2O+9CO3 9H2CO3
C. 9H2CO3+9Ca(OH)29CaCO3+18H2O+Heat
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Indicators are added to absorbent toindicate exhaustion---ethyl violet.
Turns deep purple as PH falls below 10.3.
The color may revert back to white ifabsorbent remains idle(reactivation).
This gives the user a false impression thatthe absorbent is fully functional.
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Each canister holds absorbent material of1000g of granules and has a volume of
1500cc. Each 100g absorbs as much as 15L of
CO2
The average production of CO2 by theanesthetized adults is 12 to 18 L/hr
Therefore each canister last 8-10 hours
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CO2ABSORPTOPN
Air space occupies 48%-55%of canistervolume
Two types of air space exist:
Void space (intergranular) 50%
Pore space (intragranular) 8%-10%
Each canister should be well filled withabsorbent material and shaken to providemaximum function and absorption of CO2
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Soda lime degrades volatile anestheticsagents to some extent
Four time as much of sevoflurane breaksdown in Baralyme as in soda lime
When degraded, sevoflurane also forms
compound A, which has a toxic renal andpulmonary effects.
Therefore it is recommended at least 2l offresh gas flow.
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CO2 ABSORPTION
Carbon monoxide has been known toaccumulate in absorbers not used with in
24-48 hours because of slow reaction withthe volitile agents and absorbents.
Deflurane has the highest accumulation ofcarbon monoxide. It is recommended toflush the system with 100% of O2 for 15mins before use.
Recommended