Carbon Development Strategy for Cambodia toward...

LowCarbonDevelopmentStrategyforCambodiatoward2050‐APreliminaryStudy‐

Thisreportintroducesanongoingstudyonsystematicandquantitativedesignoflowcarbondevelop‐mentactioninCambodia.Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoformulateandproposeaconcretelowcarbon development strategy in Cambodia towards 2050 and to engage research collaboration be‐tweentheRoyalGovernmentofCambodiaandtheresearchinstitutesinJapan.Thisresearchisbeingconducted inacollaborationbetweentheMinistryofenvironmentandRoyalUniversityofAgricul‐ture,CambodiaandKyotoUniversity(KU),InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES),andNationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies(NIES),Japan.WhydoesCambodianeedLowCarbonDevelopment?Low‐CarbonDevelopmentisaguidingprin‐cipleandstrategytoturnthechallengesintoopportunitiessothatCambodiacanmakeheadwayto‐wardssustainableeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalsustainabilitywithmitigatingGHGemissionsintotheatmosphere.HowistheLowCarbonDevelopmentStrategydevelopedinCambodia?Thisstudysofarhasidenti iedtheFourPolicies:

Policy1:GreenEnvironmentPolicy2:HarmonizationofGreenEconomy,SocietyandCulturePolicy3:BlueEconomyPolicy4:Eco‐Village

toachievelowcarbondevelopmentinCambodia,andtoattaintheFourPolicies,adozenstrategies

Sustainableforestmanagementstrategy● Effective forest concessionmanagement through implementing effective law enforcementagainstillegallogging

● PromotionandimplementationofREDD+● Increasingcarbonsequestrationviaforestrestorationandreplantation● Forestecosystemconservationandmanagement

Sustainablewastemanagementstrategy● Developmentofenvironmentallysoundtechnologyland illsitesthroughwastemanagementstrategy/plan,wastecollectionandsegregation

● Minimizationofwasteandby‐productsandmaximumuseofrenewableresourcesbyimple‐menting3Rprincipleandpromotewaste‐to‐energytechnologies

● Environmentallysoundwastemanagementthroughallocationofwastedeposal/storageandpropercontrolofsecondhandgoodsimport

● Promotionoflocallevelself‐governanceandleadershiptoimprovede‐centralizedcoordina‐tionofwastemanagementandsegregation

Greenagriculturemanagementstrategy● Promotionofclimate‐smartagriculturewhichincreasesproductivity,resilience(adaptation),andreduces/removesgreenhousegases(mitigation)whileenhancingnationalfoodsecurity

● PromotionofEco‐agriculturethroughtheuseoforganicfertilizersuchasbiomasswaste,bio‐slurry,compostandlivestockmanure

● Introductionand implementationofsystemofrice intensi ication(SRI) to increaseyieldofricewithoutpurchasedinputs

● Introductionandimplementationofintegratedfarmingsystem(IFS)● Sustainablelanduseandlandmanagementforagriculturepurpose

Greentransportmanagementstrategy● Promotionofpublictransportinmajorcitiesbyintensiveurbanmathtransitfacilities,bettertraf icmanagementanddevelopmentofnon‐motorizedtransportinfrastructure

● Greenbeltdevelopmentbyplantingtreesalongtheroadsandparks● Freightmodalshiftforlong‐distanceshipment● Introductionoflow‐emissionandenergy‐ef icientvehicles● Improvementofpublictransportserviceintheruralareaswiththedevelopmentof infrastructureforbuswithreliableandaffordableprice

Greenenergymanagementstrategy● Encouraging the use of renewable energy through construction of hydro power plants andprivatesectorparticipationwithsolar,wind,mini‐hydro,tidal,andbiogas/biomass,etc.

● Encouragingtheuseofsmartapplianceandhomeautomationsystemincludingenergysavingappliance,powercontroldevise,and ireprotectionandelectricityappliancemaintenance

● Encouragingallinstitutionsandhouseholdstosaveenergy

FourPoliciesand

Policy2:HarmonizationofGreenEconomy,Society,andCulture

Policy1:GreenEnvironment

Greentourismmanagementstrategy ● Promotionandimplementationofcleancity,cleanresortandgoodservices● Promotionoftouristattractionthroughintroducingculturalheritagesandnaturaltourism (eco‐tourism)‐Cambodia‐KingdomofWonder● Promotionofgrouptourwithcomfortablepublictransport● Promotionofgreen lagcompetitionandgreenaward● Encouragingtouriststorecyclewasteandtoreduceemission

Greenbuildingdesignandconstructionstrategy● Promotionandimplementationofgreenbuildingdesignsandconstructionsthroughencourag‐ingtheuseofenergyef icientmaterials

● Increasingtheuseofwoodforclimatesmartbuildingsandencouragingtreeplanting● Encouragingembeddingrenewableenergyandenergysavingapplianceinthebuildingdesign

GreenGoodGovernanceandhumanresourcedevelopmentstrategy

● Integratinggreenconceptintocurriculumfromprimaryeducationtohigheroneaswellasvoca‐tionalandtraining

● Introducingandimprovingthegreeninstitutionalmanagementandarrangement● Implementinggreenmanagementinitiativesandintellectualcapitalandgreenjob● Introducingandencouraginggreenconceptintolocalcommunitiestoseektheir participationfornaturalresourcemanagement● Increasinghumanresourcedevelopmentthroughoutthecountryconsideringyouthand genderparticipationforlowcarbonsociety

Green inancialmobilizationstrategy● Green inancialincentivesincludinggreentaxandsubsidy● Adoptionofgreenbudgetreform● ImplementingPayment forEnvironmental Services basedonpolluter paysprinciple to pro‐motetheinternalizationofenvironmentalcosts

● Conductingfundmobilizationfromdevelopmentpartnersforgreendevelopment● Development of a sound market‐based inancial system to support resource mobilization,effective inancialresourceallocation

Greentechnologyandinvestmentstrategy● Promotionofgreenindustriesandindustrialecology● Implementationoftransferofgreentechnologiessuchascleanerproduction,sustainable productinnovation,renewableenergyutilization● Encouragingandincentivizingtheinvestmentineffectiveenvironmentalprotectionandnaturalresourcemanagement

● Promotionofgreenbusinesscompetitionandgreencredit

Greenmerchantmarineandsustainablecoastalzonemanagementstrategy

● Introductionofemissionstandardinmaritimetransportthroughinspectionandmaintenancesystem

● Promotionofintegratedcoastalzonemanagement● Development and enforcement of the ballast watermanagement to control marine invasivespecies

Lowcarboninfrastructuredevelopmentstrategy● Implementationofdecentralizedmanagementsystemforasustainableurbanenvironmentandbettermobility

● Construction and rehabilitation of rural roads to facilitate local transportation, and makingtransitpointtoimproveconnectionfromonevillagetoanother

● Designingwalkablecitythroughprovidingcomfortableandsafepavement● Designingastandardroadfacilitytodifferentiatebetweenvehicle,motorist,andcyclistlanetoavoidroadaccidentandtraf iccongestion

Policy3:BlueEconomy

Policy4:Eco‐Village

aDozenStrategies

MethodologyThecurrentresearchhasbeenidenti iedfourtangiblepolicesforlowcarbondevelopmentplanandadozenstrategiestoreachthepolicies.Inordertoconductquantitativeanalysisofthestrategies,acoupleofnumericalmodels:ExtendedSnapshotTool(ExSS)andAgriculture,ForestryandotherLanduseActivitymodel(AFOLUA)isbeingdevelopedandapplied.Themodelsprojectquantitativefutureactivitiesandenvironmentalloads,andidentifymeasurestobeimplementedinordertoachievecertainenvironmentalandothertargets.Necessaryinfor‐mationtoapplythemodelsincludes:Demography,Economy,PassengerTransport,FreightTransportVolume,Energy,Agriculture,LandUse,andWasteaswellasfuturegoalsofnationaldevelopmentinvarious ield.

Taskforces:

Name Af iliation Position

Mr.HakMao MoE,CambodiaandKyotoUniversity,Japan ChiefofOf ice(MoE)andDoctoralCandidate

Mr.KimSoben RoyalUniversityofAgriculture,Cambodia Lecturer

Dr.KeiGomi KyotoUniversity,Japan ResearchFellow

Ms.TomokoIshikawa IGES,Japan Secretary

Ms.TakakoWakiyama IGES,Japan Researcher

Dr.JunichiFujino NIES,Japan SeniorResearcher

Ms.YumikoAsayama NIES,Japan Researcher

ContactaddressHakMaoEmail:maohakccd.se@gmail.comAddressinCambodia:#48PreahSihanoukBlvd,Chamkarmon,MinistryofEnvironment,PhnomPenh,CAMBODIAAddressinJapan:DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,KyotoUniversityC‐cluster,KyotodaigakuKatsura,Nishikyo‐ku,Kyoto,615‐8540,JAPAN

Name Af iliation Position

Dr.TinPonlok MinistryofEnvironment(MoE),Cambodia DeputyDirectorGeneral

Mr.SumThy MoE,Cambodia DirectorofClimateChangeDepartment

Prof.YuzuruMatsuoka KyotoUniversity,Japan Professor

Dr.ShuzoNishioka InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES),Japan SeniorResearchAdvisor

Dr.MikikoKainuma NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies(NIES), Japan Fellow

Advisors: