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CONSULTATION ON SUSTAINABLE SANITATION
9th September 2009Bangalore
TSC: EXPERIENCES & RECOMMENDATIONS
TSC …. KEY OBJECTIVES…
Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life
Accelerate sanitation coverage …access to toilets to all by 2012.
Motivate communities and PRIs promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education.
….cover schools by March 2008 and Anganwadis by March 2009, with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits...
Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.
Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management.
DELHI DECLARATION VIS-À-VIS TSC GUIDELINESDelhi Declaration Water and sanitation as
rights Preserve dignity of
sanitation workers Focus on excluded
communities including people with special needs
Gender friendly sanitation including menstrual hygiene
Monitoring of outcome and impact
TSC Guideline TSC guidelines do not
recognize this right No mention in TSC
guidelines Limited financial support for
toilet construction for the disabled, nothing on technology
No mention of menstrual hygiene
Current monitoring based on expenditure and construction
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues Impressive progress
in coverage- however around 50% of the target achieved
Old BLS: The base figure are from 2001-03 against which progress and achievement are measured
Challenges How to sustain
momentum while ensuring quality of construction and sustained use?
Strike a balance between community processes and project time frame.
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
Sanitation still a low priority for community – hence low effective demand
There is no proportionate plan of demand creation & supply chain
Challenges
Focus on effective demand as a precursor to construction of facilities
What arrangements to be made for effective/efficient supply of low cost inputs?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues Structure/
mechanism for raising effective demand
Challenges Innovative
partnership with NGOs rather than vertical contracts/ monitored by INGOs? SHGs/ CBOs? Frontline functionaries team? Role of PRI?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues Limited human
resource support to emphasis on change in behaviour than construction
J.E., RWSS/ DWSD section in the block is over loaded with rural water supply programme and its maintenance. Sanitation is a low/no priority
Challenges Provision of admin &
overhead support for district & block coordinators to expedite the progress does not exist in Budget
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
Coercive implementation strategy in certain cases leading to poor or un-sustainable use of facilities
Challenges
Ensure sustained use and maintenance: can we look at legal provisions like PRIs exercising their right to enforce penalty?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
Programme largely shaped by the subsidy component: impacts on effective demand creation/ use/maintenance
Challenges
Evolve innovative and effective use of subsidies; how to ensure that equity issues are not compromised within a subsidy regime?
How to promote support as an incentive mode than subsidy?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues Menstrual hygiene
and specific needs of women and girl child yet to be adequately focused in programme strategy
Challenges To develop a
sensitive awareness and education package at the community and school level.
How to sensitize / build capacities of implementing agencies for the same?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues Inadequate technical
monitoring-implications for sustainability of structures/quality of ground water source /house hold awareness about maintenance.
Community is not aware about the pit maintenance & pit emptying process
Single model of one/twin leach pit is emphasized in TSC program
Challenges Who should be
responsible for monitoring during construction???
How to ensure area specific designs in different geological (Sub-surface) condition :flood/ Sandy/ rocky/water logged areas
How & who will make provision for the people with special needs like disabled, PLWHA?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
Lack of linkage with health & hygiene/ acceptance of toilets largely as a convenience or privacy factor does not lead to whole-household use or round -the- year use.
Connection between sanitation and health is not emphasized
The burden is on the woman to carry extra water for the toilet who then discourages the household to build toilets
Challenges
The challenge is to change sanitation related behaviors of the whole household; the challenge is also to develop and integrate a usage- monitoring system
Educating public on relation between sanitation & health
Linkage between water availability & usage of toilets
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues TSC has become
target (construction) driven and largely focused on latrinization. Solid & Liquid Waste Management is completely neglected.
Challenges Efficient use &
monitoring of the 10% of Project cost allocated for SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT.
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues NGP is seen as an
end to achieve an award and not as a process to achieve Total Sanitation
Challenges How to maintain
Gram Panchayat status as Nirmal and how to reduce the percentage of slippage?
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Programme approach/management Strategize to implement ‘TOTAL SANITATION’ (not
only toilet construction) Focus on key outcome indicators to measure
progress (a) effective demand; (b) whole- household usage/whole- year usage; (c) maintenance plan; (d) status of ground water quality; (d) use and maintenance in schools /anganwadis/ institutions (e) health benefits (f) behaviour change
Outcome monitoring could be done by complementing on line TSC monitoring system with periodic field based reviews and community monitoring systems, other than the annual NGP verification carried out by Government of India
Include menstrual hygiene as a component of the campaign
Timely release of funds and effective monitoring of utilization (not disbursement) of funds
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Ensure adequate technical supervision/establish a system of ground water quality monitoring / explore community based surveillance systems( link with NRDWQM&SP)
Alternative (community based & led) delivery and maintenance mechanism
Providing water supply to NGPs and ensuring that G.Ps where toilet construction is done and attained the status of Nirmal Grampanchayat get the facility of pipe water supply on priority
Department can integrate water and sanitation program to achieve TSC objective in totality
Facilitate development of district specific strategies; establish a system of concurrent documentation/ assessment of experiences/ sharing of lessons.
Prohibiting Open defecation, legally / making provision for punishment for open defecation
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Institutional arrangements/ capacity building Mechanism for convergence of departments at district
/GP level Build capacities of stakeholders (sarpanch / panchayat
secretary/front line functionaries/ etc.) There is a need for key resource centre for WASH at state
level with multi disciplinary team (Engineers, Sociologist, Documentation & Publication Expert and M&E person). The expected roles of key resource centre can be
Support in enhancing the capacities of all the stake holders.
Provide technical support in implementation of TSC. Provide quality feedback on construction and
improvement. Review TSC Implementation in all the districts. And help
the district administration in developing district sanitation plan and strategy
Regular review meet of SWSM & DWSM
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Partnerships Establish partnership with Support
Organizations for delivery of goods and services/ technical supervision/ effective demand creation/ management of NGOs / capacity building
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
Need for Rural Sanitation Policy States 5 year Programme Plan
THANK YOU
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