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BYK-mac i The Objective Eye for Effect Paint QC Solutions
Surface 2016, Henrik Folkerts, BYK-Gardner GmbH
Visual Assessment
Visual Assessment
Effect Coatings 80% of todays automotive finishes are effect coatings
• Pearlescent coatings result in a more spectacular color effect: Color Flop
• Metallic coatings accentuate the curved profile: Light – Dark Flop
• Effect finishes with special glitter effect (XirallicsTM), (LuxanTM)
Photo: Courtesy of
Multi-angle Measurement Geometries Aspecular viewing angles
Multi-angle Measurement Geometries Spectral reflectance – Metallic Silver
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R%
15 °
25 °
45 °
75 °
110 °
Multi-angle Measurement Geometries Aspecular viewing angles
-15°
Spectral Remission: Viola FantasyTM Color Flop: Purple to Green
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-15°
15°
25°
45°
75°
110°
Viola FantasyTM
Sparkle & Graininess
Flake Characterization - Sparkle Evaluation of the optical properties
Sunny sky:
Direct illumination
• Color starts to sparkle
International Standards for Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes
SAE J361:
Procedure for Visual Evaluation of Interior and Exterior Automotive Trim
• Materials
• Lighting
• Viewing Environment
• Viewing and Positioning
Main focus on interior trim
Page 13, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
SAE J361 - Procedure for Visual Evaluation of Interior and Exterior Trim
Instrumenal
: 45/45
Instrumenal
: 45/110
“Face”
“Flop”
“Travel”
“Face”
“Flop”
How to match the visual impression
with the instrumental measured ?
International Standards for Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes
VDA Guideline 280 Part 8:
Colorimetry for Motor Vehicles
• Part A - General
Visual Color Matching and Color Assessment
• Part B Visual Color Matching Systems for Vehicle Interiors
• Part C Illumination for Color Matching of Effect Coatings on Vehicle Bodies or Parts of Bodies
Page 17, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
VDA 280 Part 8 C: Illumination for Color Matching of Effect Coatings on Vehicle Bodies or Parts of Bodies
Illumination and observation angles and the relationship to the measurement angle for metallic and slightly flip-flop effect paints
• Illumination and test environment
• Illumination angle 45° preferably fixed Viewing angle -15°/15°/25°/45°/75°/110°
• Observation conditions for Color movement of observer (observer modulation) changing sample position (sample modulation)
Page 18, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
VDA 280 8 Part C: Illumination for Color Matching of Effect Coatings on Vehicle Bodies or Parts of Bodies
Illumination and observation angles and the relationship to the measurement angle for metallic and slightly flip-flop effect paints
• Illumination and test environment
• Illumination angle 45° preferably fixed Viewing angle -15°/15°/25°/45°/75°/110°
Page 19, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
VDA 280 8 Part C: Illumination for Color Matching of Effect Coatings on Vehicle Bodies or Parts of Bodies
Illumination and observation angles and the relationship to the measurement angle for metallic and slightly flip-flop effect paints
• Observation conditions for Sparkle illumination from several directions (illumination modulation)
Page 20, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Color: Regular light Booth with Sample Holder
• Tiltable table
• Fixed angle table: 15° - 25° - 45° - 75° - 110°
Viewing and Illumination conditions are
changing
No direct illumination because of
diffuser panel in front of light sources.
Page 21, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Color: Individual Examination Stands
• Defined viewing position
• Enclosed room with color neutral walls or enclosed curtain
• Manual sample tilting or tiltable table to simulate different viewing angles
Page 22, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation compared to Instrument‘s Geometry Examination Stands
Visual Evaluation:
Illumination and viewing
angle are changing
depending on panel position.
“Face”
“Flash” “Flop”
Instrumental Evaluation:
Illumination angle is fixed and
detection angle is always relative
to specular reflection.
Potential risk of disagreement
between visual + instrument
Page 23, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Lighting Studios (Willing)
Large lighting studios: – up to 8 m x 6 m
• Ideal for complete cars or add-on parts
• Fixed 45° illumination
• Observer can move within the studio to simulate different viewing angles
Courtesy of Forchheim und Willing
Page 24, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Lighting Studios
Observer moves to
defined positions
Good agreement with
instrument’s geometry
Page 27, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Sparkle: Sunshine or Spotlight
Appearance of effect finishes depends
on illumination conditions:
Sunny sky: Direct illumination
• Color starts to sparkle
Page 28, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Sparkle: Sunshine or Spotlight
• Halogenlamp mounted on stand
• Quick check with Mini Maglite®
• Visual evaluation in bright sunshine
Highly weather dependent
Sunny sky:
Direct illumination
• Color starts to sparkle
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Sparkle: Sunshine or Spotlight
Page 30, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
byko-spectra effect
multi-angle color
& sparkle control
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 31, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
• Daylight illumination under 45°
• Tiltable sample table to simulated 6-viewing angles:
-15, 15°, 25°, 45°, 75°, 110°
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 32, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
45° viewing -15° viewing
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 33, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 34, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 35, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 36, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 37, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 38, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 39, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 40, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
• 3-illumination angles: 15°, 45°, 75°
• Very bright LEDs simulate the
impression of direct sunlight
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Excellent agreement with
instrument’s geometry
15°
45°
75°
Page 41, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
Visual Evaluation of Effect Finishes – What is used? Light Booth - byko-spectra effect
Page 42, BYK-Gardner GmbH, BYK-mac Presentation
How to correlate visual and instrumental evaluation of effect finishes?
Aligned in painting direction?
Arrow: Direction of instrument illumination
Direction of llumination?
Thank you for your attention.
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