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Burma; Bengali planning to invade
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vlawG (pdwfyHkrSef&Sdol? pdwfa&m*g
r&Sdol? pdwfusef;rma&;aumif;aeol
awG) twGuf b,fvdkrS awG;Munfh
uRefrtaeESifh
bmoma&;½Iaxmifhtjrifu
qef;ppfMunfh vQif
tpövmrfbmomukd
bmomvdkYawmif r,lqygbl;/
EdkifiHa&;0g' wpfckrQomjzpfNyD;
vlawGukdt"r®xdef;csKyfxm;wm
jzpfygw,f/
aemifw& 0rf;enf;rdygw,f/ t,f*sm;ZD;&m;½kyfoHu tMurf;zuf0g'
orm; usyfrjynfhwJh armfv0Dq&m Al-Qaradhiwi &JU tMurf;zuf0g'
vrf;nTefcsufawGESifh ol&JU uRefrtay: aoG;½l;aoG;wef; wkdufcdkufrI
awGukd MunfhMunfhkvkdufyg/ EdkYeHYawmif rpifao;wJh rGwfpvifuav;
av;awGudk ajr§mufay;aewmukd awGUMu&rSmyg/ tJh'Duav;awGukd
OD;aESmufrJh rsufuef;,kHMunfwwfatmifESifh tMurf;zuf0g'ukdacgif;
xJ pGJNrJoGm;atmif oHrIdESifh½kdufoGif;aewmyg/
uRefr 'Dvdkajym&wm[m tpövmrfu ]rdef;rawG[m csKdUwJh
tm;enf;olawG} vdkYqdkxm;vdkY 'gukd ckcHacsywmyg/ tpövmrfu
r,kHMunfolrSeforQudk owfypf&r,fvdkY nTefMum;w,f/ uRefru
'gudk vufrcHbl;/ 'gaMumifh tckvdk acsy&ygw,f/ uRefru
tpövmrfbmomukd wkdufcdkufwm r[kwfygbl;/ trSefw&m;twGuf
a0zefqef;ppfwmoufoufygyJ/ qdk;wmwpfcku uRefrwdkY[m tpövmrf
0g' BuD;xGm;a&;twGuf taESmifht,Suf? twm;tqD;vdkY oabmxm;
cH&wmygyJ/ wu,fuawmh a0zefqef;ppfrIudk wdkufcdkufrIvdkY ajym
aeMuwmyg/ uRefru tpövmrfqdkwJh pum;vkH;&JUt"dyÜg,fudk t"du
vkdYudk r&wJhvkyf&yfawGudk vkyfcJholqdkwmukd jrifEkdifygw,f/ Oyrm
rkd[mrufu Asmaabint Marwam (tpörm;bifhrm;0rf) qdkwJh
trsdK;orD;udk owfjzwfcJhyHkudk avhvmMunfhvkdufyg/ rkd[mruf
udk,fwkdifESifh olUaemufvkdufawGu tJ'DtrsdK;orD;&JUudk,fcE¨mudkwppD
jzpfatmif qGJNzJMuw,f/
wd&dpämefwpfaumifudk owfovdkrsdK; t½dk;awGukdwpfacsmif;
NyD; wpfacsmif; qGJEIwfypfvkdufMuw,f/ vludk trJzsufovdk zsufvdkY
tNyD;rSm Allah Akabaar (tv’m[ft&SifawmfjrwfomvQif tBuD;
us,fqHk; tjrifhjrwfqHk;) vkdY atmf[pfMuw,f/ ukd,fhpdwfeJU tcefY
roifhwmav;wpfck? udk,fESifh pdwfoabmxm;av; rwkdufqkdifwm&Sd
wmav;wpfckwnf;ESifh tJ'Dvkd&uf&ufpufpuf owf&ufMuowJh/
tJ'DvkdowfMuwmudkvnf; bmr[kwfwJh arharhaysmufaysmufudpö?
tao;tzGJUudpöav;vdk oabmxm;EkdifMuowJh/ tJ'gyJ wrefawmf
rkd[mrufqkdwm/
rdk[mruf&JU tJh'Dvdkvkyf&yfawGukd usrf;pmxJrSmzwfvkduf&NyD;
wJhtcg uRefrwpfcgu rGwfpvifwpfa,mufjzpfcJhzl;wmudk tvGefyJ
avhvmaewmyg/ tJh'Dpum;vkH;u tEIwfvu©PmaqmifaewJh
pum;vkH;yg/ tMurf;zufaom? a'go? trkef;w&m;awGESifh jynfh
ESufaeaom? ukd,fhtcsif;csif;vnf; &ufpuf,kwfrm umrjyKusifh
aom qdkwJht&mtm;vkH;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKwJhpum;vkH;yg/
pdwfynmt& vlwpfa,muf&JUb0rSm tEIwfvu©Pmaqmif
wJhpdwf,kwfawGESifh zkH;vTrf;aecJhvQif ol[m tzsuform; pdwf"mwf&Sd
aom? rqifrjcifESifh pdwf*PmrNidrfjzpfwwfwJhoabm? t&m&mukd
bmaumif;usKd;rSrjzpfapbJ tqkd;ukdom OD;wnfvkyfwwfaom vl
wpfa,muftjzpf ay:vGifvmygr,f/ tu,fírsm; ol[mtaygif;
vu©PmaqmifwJhpdwfaumif;&SdcJhvQif tjyKoabmaqmifaom?aumif;
usKd;jyKaomtvkyfawG vkyfwwfaom? aumif;usKd;jyKaom? aysmf&TifwJh
pum;awGajymwwfaomoltjzpf ay:vGifvmygr,f/ tpövmrf
bmom[m tEIwfvu©PmaqmifwJhpum;awGESifhtwl usqkH;oGm;rSm
jzpfygw,f/ tpövmrf[m tEIwfvu©PmawGukd xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;
aecJhygw,f/ tpövmrfvlYtzGJYtpnf;awGudk avhvmMunfhvQif tJh'D
tEIwfvu©PmaqmifwJh vlawG&JUvkyf&yfawGudk ay:vGifxif&Sm;pGm
awGUEdkifygw,f/
uRefrtaeESifh bmoma&;½Iaxmifhtjrifu qef;ppfMunfh
vQif tpövmrfbmomukd bmomvdkYawmif r,lqygbl;/ EdkifiHa&;0g'
wpfckrQomjzpfNyD; vlawGukd t"r®xdef;csKyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/b,f
0g'yJjzpfjzpf rdrd0g'ukd r,kHMunfoljzpf&if owfjzwfypf&r,fvdkYajym
wm[m bmomw&m;r[kwfygbl;/ tJh'g[m t<uif;rJhtmPm&Sifpepf
wkdU&JUvkyf&yfom jzpfygw,f/ uk&ftmefusrf;xJu wpfydk'frSm tdrf
axmifa&; azmufjyefol a,mufsm;a&m? rdef;rukdyg Budrf'Pftcsuf
100pD ½dkuf&r,f? oem;n§mwmzdkY rvkdbl;vdkY ajymxm;ygw,f/
vufpm;acswJhykHpHESifh tjypfay;wm[m bmomw&m;[kwfyg&JUvm;/
,kHMunfukd;uG,frIqkdwm cGifhvTwfrI? n§mwmrI? udk,fcsif;pmrIawGyJ
&Sd&ygr,f/ tpövmrfESifhEIdif;pmvQif c&pf,mefu Nidrf;csrf;a&;vrf;pOf
ykdusw,fvkdY jrifygw,f/ a,½Iu "m;rudkifygbl;/ acgif;vJ rjzwf
ygbl;/ t,lrwlolukdvnf; pGyfpGJjypfwifrI rvkyfygbl;/ jyóemu
awmh tpövmrfbmomomvQifyg/
rdk[mrufpum;ukd ,kHpm;rdvQifawmh vlYavmuBuD;[m
tr,fbkwf&JU olYcsnfcifvdkjzpfvmNyD; aemufqkH;rSm tdkprmbifvm'if
vkdyJ tpGef;a&mufvmrSmyg/ wrefawmfrdk[mruf&JU b0ukdzwfMunfh
vQif cifAsm;bmawGawGY&rvJ/ vk,ufwkdufcdkufrIawG&,f? olrdef;r
awG trsm;BuD;,lwJhtaMumif;&,fyJawGY&ygr,f/ wcsKdUtcsufawGqdk
vQif cifAsm;]zsm;}oGm;r,f/ ]]rdef;rawG&JU edAÁmef[m olra,mufsm;&JU
ajcz0g;atmufrSm&Sdw,f}} qdkjyD; rdk[mrufu ajymcJhw,fav/
rGwfpvifwpfa,muf&JUb0[m b,favmufawmifaMumufzdkYaumif;
ygovJ/ rGwfpvifawG&JU b0udk ajymif;vJypfr,fqdk&if olwkdU&JU
OD;aESmuf (todÚmPf)udk zGifhay;&rSmyg/ b0ukd Ncdrf;ajcmufaewJh
uifqmqJvfawGudk OD;aPSmufuae cGJpdyfNyD; xkwfypf&ygr,f/
tpövmrf[m uifqmqJvf
awG jzpfygw,f/
(azmfjyyg tawG;
tjrifrsm;onf rlpvifwpfOD;
jzpfcJhol tm&yf-tar&duef
ujym; pdwfa&m*gukynm&Sif
0gzmqlvfwef&JU t,f[m,uf
wDAGD ½kyfoHvdkif; (qdkufy&yf)
rS xkwfvTifhajymMum;csufrsm;
udk jrefrmbmom jyefqdkxm;
jcif;jzpfygonf/ -zsmykHe'D)
tkdtkdifpDonf vlrsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrIudk
vkyfaqmifcJhaomrnfonfh
tpövmrfEdkifiHrqdk
tumtuG,fjyK&eftzGJU\tiftm;udk
rMumcPtoHk;csMuonf/
xdkUtwl tkdtkdifpD taejzifh
&ckdifjynfe,fudk rGwfpvifrsm;
atmifjrifpGmodrf;ydkufEkdifa&;twGuf
pDrHudef;cs aqmif&Gufaejcif;om...
tpövmrfEkdifiHrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJU (OIC) udk
tpövmrf bmom0ifEkdifiHaygif; (57)EdkifiH (trSefrSm tpövmrfbmom
0if (56) EdkifiHESifh ygvufpwkdif;wdkY jzpfonf) jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif ¤if;tzGJU0ifEkdifiH ta&twGuf rsm;jym;rIaMumifh
tkdtkdifpDonf vlUtcGifhta&;rSpí pD;yGm;a&;tqHk;? ynma&;rSpí
tMurf;zuf0g'tqHk; udpö&yfwkdif;eD;yg;wGif rGwfpvifr[kwfaom
urÇmtkyfpkudk qefYusifaom pkpnf;nDnGwfonfh tpövmrfwyfOD;udk
ykdrdkwkd;wufaumif;rGefvmatmif tqifhjr§ifhwifh&if; (txl;ojzifh
ukvor*¾tzGJUBuD;twGif;wGif) jyif;xefNyD; trsm;tm;jzifh rvkdvm;
tyfaom vTrf;rdk;rI &Sdaeonf/
okdYaomf tkdtkdifpD\t"dutaMumif;&if;rSm tkdtkdifpDtae
jzifh b*FgvDrGwfpvifrsm; (The Bengali Muslims) onf &cdkifajrudk
ydkifqkdifolrsm;jzpfaMumif; aumufcsufqGJMurnfjzpfaomaMumifh jzpf
onf/ (¤if;tzGJUtpnf;taejzifh xdkodkYaumufcsufqGJcJh? aumufcsuf
qGJqJyifjzpfonf/) xkdYjyif tkdtkdifpDtzGJUonf &ckdifvlrsdK;wdkY\
pum;oHrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKrnf r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
tkdtkdifpDtzGJU\orkdif;aMumif;wpfavQmufwGif Ekduf*sD;&D;,m;ESifh
tD*spfEkdifiHwkdYrS c&pf,mefrsm;udk tpkvkduftNyHKvdkufowfjzwfrIrsm;?
xdkif;awmifydkif;rS Ak'¨bmom0if(5000)udk owfjzwfcJhrI? ql'ef
EdkifiHu usL;vGefcJhaom rsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrI ponfwkdYESifhywfoufí
tkdtkdifpDu b,fwkef;urS r½IwfcscJhbl;ay/
trSefrSm tkdtkdifpDonf vlrsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrI (genocide)udk
vkyfaqmifcJhaomtpövmrfEdkifiH (ql'efEkdifiH)? rGwfpvifr[kwfolrsm;
(Non muslims) udk zdESdyftMurf;zufcJhMuaom tpövmrfEkdifiHrsm;
(Ekduf*sD;&D;,m;?tD*spf? tD&ef? ygupöwef?b*Fvm;a'h&SfpaomEkdifiHrsm;)?
*sL; vlrsdK;rsm;udk rsdK;wHk;owfjzwf&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaomtpövmrfEkdifiH
rsm; (tD&ef? [ufZbkdvm? [m;rm;pf EkdifiHrsm;) paom rnfonfh
tpövmrfEdkifiHrqdk tumtuG,fjyK&ef tzGJU\tiftm;udk rMumcP
toHk;csMuonf/ xdkUtwl tkdtkdifpDtaejzifh &ckdifjynfe,fudk
rGwfpvifrsm; atmifjrifpGm odrf;ydkufEkdifa&;twGuf pDrHudef;cs
aqmif&Gufaejcif;om jzpfonf/
&ckdifjynfe,fudk odrf;ykdufEkdifa&;BudK;yrf;rIudk tkdtkdifpDu
ppfa&;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? aiGaMu;t&aomfvnf;aumif;axmufyHh
ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkrQomru rSefuefaomtcsufrsm;[kqkdMuaom
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vkyfBuHzefwD;Muonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk
qefYusifaomt,ltqrsm;jzifh aoG;xdk;vHIUaqmfMuonf/ trSefw&m;
ESifh ywfoufí BudK;udkifrI? yHkoP²mefysuf,Gif;atmif vkyfaqmifrIwkdY
tay: tajccHí trkef;w&m;jynfhaeaoma'gopdwfESifh aygufuGJrIwkdY
udk rD;avmif&mavyifhvnf; vkyfaqmifMuao;onf/
tkdtkdifpDtzGJUESifh ywfoufaom &,fp&mjyufvHk;uvnf;
rw&m;&musaeí tvGefpdwfqkd;zG,f&m jzpfonf/ jrefrmtpdk;&u
]½dk[if*sm} [kac:Muaom b*FgvDvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf EkdifiHom;jzpfcGifh
tygt0iftajccHusaomEkdifiHom;tcGifhta&;udk jiif;qkdaepOfwGif
¤if;tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifh (olwkdYwGif vlYtcGifhta&;[lí
&SdcJhonfqkdOD;awmh) rGwfpvifr[kwfol EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: onf;cH
EkdifrIvnf; r&Sd? av;pm;rIvnf; ewdå? jynfolYtcGifhta&;ESifh
vUltcGifhta&;qkdvQif a0;vma0;yif jzpfawmhonf/ avSmifajymif
csifzG,fjzpfaomtcsufrSm &ckdifjynfe,fESifh e,fedrdwfxdpyfaeaom
EkdifiHjzpfonfh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif rGwfpvifvlrsm;pku Ak'¨
bmom0ifvlenf;pktay: BuD;rm;pGm cGJjcm;qufqHrI? onf;rcHEkdifrI
ESifh tMurf;zufrI [laom udpö&yfrsm;udk tkdtkdifpDtzGJUtaejzifh
t&dyft>rufrQyif rajymqdk? rxdef;uGyf? rajz&Sif;ay;cJhbl;ay/
tu,fí aqmf'Dtma&;bD;,m;? tD&ef? *gZmESifh tjcm;
aom tvm;wlae&mrsm;wGif Ak'bmomausmif;wpfausmif; odkYr[kwf
w&m;pcef;wpfck odkYr[kwf [dELbk&m;ausmif; odkYr[kwf a,m*
usifhpOfwpfckudk zGifh&ef BudK;pm;cJhrnfqdkvQif tvsiftjrefypfrSwfxm;
wkdufckdufcH&vQif cH&rnf/ odkYr[kwf rzGifhjzpfatmif ydwfyifwm;jrpf
jcif;cH&ayrnf/ (vuf&Sd) &ckdiftajctaewGif t,ltqrsm;? qHk;jzwf
rIrsm;udkay;csifaomEkdifiHrsm;rSm þEkdifiHrsm; wu,f[kwfygovm;/
&,fp&myif aumif;aeao;awmh\/ (trSefrSm) ¤if;EkdifiHrsm;udk (þ
&ckdifudpöwGif) rnfonfhae&murS 0ifrygapoifhay/ ¤if;wdkYonf
twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wfwnf;[laom umvoHk;yg;vHk;wGif 'ku©
rsdK;pHkudk zefwD;jzpfay:apcJhzl;olrsm;yif jzpfaeonf/
tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0if EkdifiHwpfckpDu rGwfpvifr[kwfolEkdifiHom;
tcsif;csif;tay: (,ck&ckdiftajctaexuf) ydkrkdqkd;0g;pGm jyKrlcJhzl;
onfcsnf;yif/ xdkYaemuf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif xkdokdY qkd;0g;pGmjyKrlaqmif
&Gufaeonf[k pGyfpGJMuonf/ ,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf rGwfpvifr[kwf
onfhjynfolrsm;tay: tuGufususpDrHí pGJNrJpGmusifhoHk;jzpfaom
zdESdyfonfh rl0g'rsm;? cGJjcm;onfh rl0g'rsm;? tvm;wlOya'rsm;ESifh
tjyKtrlrsm; &Sdaeonf[laomtcsufrSm v,fjyifwGif qifoGm;ovdk
uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xif&Sm;ay:vGifodomaeayNyD/
,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifh &SdrIwGif
tqdk;qHk;tqifhü &Sdaeonf/ ,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf rGwfpvif
r[kwfonfh jynfolrsm;tay: onf;rcHEkdifqHk;? cGJjcm;qufqHrI
t&SdqHk;? xd&SaygufuGJvG,fqHk;aomEdkifiHtjzpf &Sdaeonf/ ,if;
EkdifiHwdkUwGif rdrdESifh *kdPf;*P rwlnDaom rGwfpvifbmom0ifrsm;
tay:yif xkdodkYaom oabmxm;rsm; &SdMuonf/ (¤if;EkdifiHrsm;rS
usL;vGefcJhaom)bmoma&;ESifh vlUtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufrIrsm;wGif
atmufygvkyf&yfrsm;yg0ifonf/
tpövmrfbmomudk pGefYypfoGm;rItwGuf ao'Pftygt0if
jyif;xefMurf;wrf;aom jypf'Pfay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfMucJhMuonf/
rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;taejzifh rGwfpvifrsm; rESpfoufonfhpum;
wpfckudk ([kwfr[kwfraocsmíaomfvnf;aumif;? r&ifhusufao;í
aomfvnf;aumif;) rnfrQao;i,fayghyg;onfjzpfap xdka&;om;
ajymqkdonfh rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;u wpfckckajymcJhaMumif; pGyfpGJ
vkyfBuH zefwD;jyD; aumvm[vowif;vTifhum owfjzwfjcif;?
ajcvuft*Fgrsm; ysufpD;usdK;yJhoGm;atmifvkyfjcif;? tEÅ&m,fjyKjcif;?
rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;\ c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;? [dE´Lbk&m;
ausmif;rsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmombkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;? ¤if;
zsufqD;cH&aom taqmuftHkrsm;udk topfjyefaqmufcGifh ray;jcif;?
rGwfpvif r[kwfonfh jynfolrsm;udk &mrm'efOyk*fapmifhjcif;uJhodkYaom
rGwfpvifbmoma&;tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmif&ef twif;t"r® wGef;tm;
ay;jcif; wdkUudk jyKvkyfMuonf/
tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;onf (bmoma&;tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwf
vyfcGifhrsm;[laomudpö&yfrsm;wGif)pnf;rsOf;rsm;[lívnf; r&Sd? uRrf;
usifrIvnf; r&Sd? pm&dwåaumif;rI[lí r&Sday/ xdkEkdifiHrsm;onfolwdkY
av;pm;rIr&Sdaom jrefrmEkdifiH\ Ak'¨bmom0ifjynfolrsm;? Ak'¨bmom
,Ofaus;rIESifhAk'bmomudk tEÅ&m,fjyKzsufqD;rIomjyKMurnf jzpfonf/
tmz*efepöwefEkdifiHonf tpövmrfbmom0ifEkdifiHjzpfonf/
EdkifiH\ t"durlwpfcsufrSm ]rnfonfhOya'urS tpövmrf bmom
rlrsm;? jyXmef;csufrsm;udk Mum;0ifpGufzufaESmifh,Sufjcif; r&Sdap&}
[lí jzpfonf/ EkdifiHom;rsm;onf wpfyg;ol\ cHpm;csufrsm;udk
pmemem;vnfvufcHrI r&Sdonfh? tvGefUtvGefzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fuefYowfrI
&Sdonfh ¤if;wdkY\ tpövmrfbmom (Islam) [lonfh trSwfwHqdyfrSvGJí
usef,HkMunfudk;uG,frItm;vHk;udk tpGef;a&muf0g'DyDyD onf;nnf;
rcHEkdifMuay/
&,fp&maumif;aeonfrSm tmz*efepöwefEkdifiHonf Ak'¨
bmom tapmqHk;pnfyifxGef;um;cJh&m yifrae&mBuD;wpfckjzpfcJhonf
[laomtcsufyif jzpfonf/ &mpkESpfrsm;pGmMumNyD;aemufrSmrGwfpvif
ppfatmifEkdifolrsm; (Muslim Conquerors) u Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIukdzsufqD;
cJhNyD;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ukd tNyD;wkdifokwfoifacsrIef;cJhMuonf/
(,cktcg)tmz*efepöwefEdkifiHwGif Ak'¨bmom0ifr&Sdawmhyg/ (2001)
ckESpfwGif bmoma&;t& onf;nnf;rcHEdkifonfh tpGef;a&muf
wmvDbefrsm;u vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (1500)u ausmufawmif
urf;yg;apmif;ukdxGif;í wnfaqmufxm;aom urÇmYÓPfawmf
tjrifhqkH; Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;ukd zsufqD;ypfcJhMuonf/
tD*spfEdkifiHonf tpövmrfbmomukd EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf
todtrSwfjyKaom tm&yfEdkifiHwpfEdkifiH (An Arab Republic)jzpfonf/
tD*spfEdkifiHwGif vlOD;a&oef;(90)&Sdonfhteuf (10) &mcdkifEIef;cefY
(9)oef;rSmawmh aumhywpfc&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm; (Coptic Christians)
jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomray:rD &mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif ¤if;
c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm; &SdvmcJhonf/ (,cktcg)EdkifiHawmfbmomjzpf
aom tpövmrfbmomu EdkifiHawmf\Oya'rsm;pGmukd txl;vTrf;rdk;ae
onf/ ¤if;Oya'rsm;onf tD*spfEdkifiHrS bmomrwlol vlenf;pkukd
zdESdyf&ef &nf&G,fjy|mef;xm;jcif;om jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;ukd
OD;wnfvkyfaqmifaomtMurf;zufrIrsm;rSm rsm;pGmwdk;yGm;rsm;jym;vm
aeonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ tdrfrsm;? qdkifrsm;ESifh oD;ESHrsm;
rD;½IdUcH&jcif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm; rD;½IdUcH&jcif;? zsufqD;cH&
jcif;? tokH;rjyK&ef ydwfyifwm;jrpfcH&jcif;wkdYrSm &SdcJh? &SdqJyifjzpfonf/
Edkuf*sD;&D;,m;EdkifiHonfvnf; tpövmrfESifhc&pf,mefbmom
tMum; nDwlnDrQpnf;jcm;uGJjym;aeonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;
aexkdif&m awmifykdif;onf omrefavmuDtkyfcsKyfrIykHpHtwkdif; tkyfcsKyf
aomfvnf; ajrmufykdif;wGifrl tpövmrfOya'ukd wif;MuyfpGmjy|mef;
xm;onf/ ajrmufykdif;wGif tpövmrfbmomrS wpfjcm;bmomodkY
ajymif;vJrIonf w&m;r0ifaMumif; owfrSwfNyD; bmomajymif;olrsm;
ukd ao'Pfay;cH&onf/
bdkudk[m&rf (Boko Harem) (]taemufwkdif;ynma&;onf
tjypf&Sdonf}[laomt"dyÜm,f&onf) [kac:aom tpGef;a&muftxl;
tMurf;zufvufeufudkiftzGJUwpfzGJUvnf; &Sdaeonf/ ¤if;vufeuf
ukdiftzGJUonf c&pf,mefbmom0iftrsm;pkyg0ifonfh vlaygif;
wpfaomif;cefYukd owfjzwfcJhNyD; wpfcgwpf&H rdrdwdkY\tcGifhta&;
qkH;½IH;rIESifhywfoufí xkwfazmfajymqkdvdkaom tjcm;rGwfpvifrsm;
udkvnf; ¤if;wkdYu owfjzwfMuonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;
twGif;wGif pkaygif;0wfjyK qkawmif;aeMupOf c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;
rsm;ukd tjyifrS aomhcwfydwfqkdYum rD;½IdUrIrsm;udk Mudrfzefrsm;pGmjyKvkyf
cJhjcif;aMumifh vltaotaysmufrSm aMumufcref;vdvdrsm;jym;cJhonf/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHonf rGwfpvifbmom0ifEkdifiH tm;vHk;
teuf vlOD;a& trsm;qHk;&SdaomEkdifiH jzpfonf/ vlOD;a& (250)oef;
&Sdonfhteuf (83)&mcdkifEIef;cefYrSm rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ vlenf;pk
c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tay: jyif;xefaom
tMurf;zufrI(acgif;jzwfrI) tygt0if BuD;rm;aomcGJjcm;qufqHrIESifh
tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk jyKcJhjyKqJyifjzpfonf/ rGwfpviftmrm'D;,m;
*dkPf;cGJ0ifrsm;udkvnf; *dkPf;BuD;0if yifrrGwfpvifrsm;u wdwdårsm;
Heretics tjzpf ,lqNyD; rGwfpviftjzpf todtrSwfrjyKbJ
c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;uJhodkYyif BuD;rm;aom
cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;? tMurf;zufjcif;wdkYudk cHMu&onf/
1960 jynfhESpfrsm;wGif w½kwfEkdifiHu BuD;Muyfvrf;nTefrI
jyKaom uGefjrLepfrsm; qlyltHk<urIjzpfvmrnfudk pdk;&drfaMumufvefYNyD;
tif'dkeD;&Sm;rGwfpvifrsm;u w½kwfvlrsdK; Ak'¨bmom0iftrsm;qHk;
yg0ifaom (5)odef;ESifh (10)odef;Mum;ta&twGuf&Sdonfh vlrsm;udk
owfjzwf&ef xdkodkYuGefjrLepf tHk<urIjzpfvmEdkifonf[laom,lqcsuf
udk toHk;csoGm;cJhonf/ 1980 jynfhESpfrsm;wGif tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHonf
ta&SUwDarmudk odrf;ydkufEkdifap&ef vGwfvyfaomta&SUwDarmuRef;&Sd
c&pf,mefrsm;tay: &ufpufMurf;MuKwfNyD; vl½dkif;acwfqefaom
ppfyGJwpfyGJudk qifETJcJhMuonf/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;rGwfpvifppfom;rsm;onf
wDarmuRef;om;rsm;udk owfjzwfrIESifhywfoufí pdwfpEkd;paemifh
rjzpfcJhMuay/
tpövmrfrpf tMurf;zufwyfzGJU0ifrsm; tD&efEkdifiHwGif
pwifcJhNyD; tD&efEkdifiH\ bmomuGJudk;uG,fol vlenf;pkwGif vlOD;a&
trsm;qHk; jzpfonfh bm[mtDbmomudk todtrSwf rjyKcJhay/ ¤if;
bmomudk;uG,f,HkMunfolrsm;rSmvnf; jyif;xefpGmn§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH
&onf/ bm[mtDbmom0ifrsm;onf zrf;rdefY rxkwfbJ zrf;qD;jcif;?
rSm;,Gif;axmifcsrI? uGyfrsufrI? odrf;ydkufzsufqD;rI? tqifhjrifhynma&;
wufa&mufavhvmoif,lcGifhudk jiif;qkdrIwdkYukd cH&cJh? cH&qJ? cH&vwHåUyif
jzpfonf/ 1979 ckESpf tpövmrfawmfvSefa&;uwnf;u tD&efEkdifiH
om; bm[mtDbmom0ifrsm;\ tdrfrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;? wuúokdvf
wufcGifh? tpdk;&tvkyfrsm; vkyfcGifhwkdYudk ydwfyifwm;jrpfjcif;wkdY yHkrSef
jzpfaeonf/
bmoma&; ,HkMunfrIaMumifh vlaygif;rsm;pGmudk axmifcs
tjypf'Pfay;zl;onf/ xkdYjyif tD&efEkdifiHonf rGwfpvifr[kwfaom
tjcm;bmomw&m;tm;vHk;udk aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmifyif
onf;cHEkdifrIr&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/ tD&efEkdifiH\ tpövmrfacgif;aqmif
rsm;ESifh tpdk;&tBuD;tuJrsm;taejzifh tjcm;bmomrsm; tjcm;vlrsdK;
rsm;udk vHk;0acsrIef;okwfoif&Sif;vif;&ef aqmfMoonfh EkdifiHwumokdY
aMunmcsufrsm;xkwfjyef&efvnf; pdwfuoduatmifh rjzpfMuay/
tD&efEkdifiHonf tjcm;bmomodkY ouf0if,HkMunful;ajymif;oGm;ol
rsm;ukd owfjzwfonf/ rdef;rvsmrsm;udk &uf&ufpufpufypfrSwfxm;
zrf;qD;í ao'Pfay;wwfonf/
rav;&Sm;EkdifiH&Sd bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifh tajctaerSm
tjiif;yGm;zG,f udpöwpf&yfwpfck jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomonf
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHawmf\ w&m;0ifEkdifiHawmfbmom jzpfonf/ odkYaomf
EkdifiHawmfvlOD;a&\ xuf0ufeD;yg; (trsm;pkrSm w½kwfvlrsdK;?tdEd´,
vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfNyD; xdkif;vlrsdK;? jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;ESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiH
om;rsm;yg0ifonf)rSm rGwfpvifrsm; r[kwfMuay/ rav;&Sm;EkdifiH?
'ku©onfpcef;rsm;wGif a&muf&SdaexkdifcJhzl;ol jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;\
ajymqdkcsufrSm rav;-rGwfpvifrsm;\ vufxJwGif tvGefwZGwfxdk;
waZmufuef; Murf;MuKwf&ufpufpGm onf;nnf;rcHbJ jyKrl qufqH
cJhrIrsm;&Sdonf[líyif jzpfonf/
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif blrdykwå&[kac:aom rl0g'wpfck&SdNyD;
xkdrl0g't& vkyfief;wkdif;wGif rav;-rGwfpvif zufpyfvkyfudkifrnfh
olwpfOD; xm;&Sd&ef vdkonf/ w½kwfvlrsdK; r*¾Zif;xkwfa0ol odkY
r[kwf tarT;wkdifxkwfvkyfol okdYr[kwf tdEd´,vlrsdK; pm;aomuf
ukefxkwfvkyfol odkYr[kwf pmtkyfykdif&Sifwpfa,mufyif ,if;vkyfief;
taMumif; euef;wpfvHk;rS em;rvnfol rGwfpvif vkyfazmfukdifzuf
wpfOD;udk vufcH&onf/ xdkzufpyfvkyfudkifol rGwfpvifrSm vdk
vnf; rvkdtyfay/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh xkdrGwfpvifonf rxDrJhjrif
jyKwwfNyD; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfvkdolwpfOD;yif jzpfwwfonf/
rav;&Sm;EdkifiHwGif rGwfpvifr[kwfoll wpfOD;aovQif
xdkol\ aoolrSwfwrf;wGif rGwfpvifwpfOD;tjzpf topfac:a0:
rSwfwrf;jyKjcif;jzifh xdkaool\ om;orD;rsm;onfvnf; rGwfpvif
rsm;jzpfaMumif; aMunmEkdifayrnf/ tpövmrfbmomrS wjcm;bmom
odkY ul;ajymif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif;\ tEÅ&m,frSm wkdif;odjynfodurÇmodjzpf
NyD; bmomajymif;&efvnf; &GHUaMumufMuonf/
xkwfazmfajymMum;csuf pm&if;rsm;t& wl&uDEkdifiH\
vlOD;a& 99%onf rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYteuf
vlrsm;pkrSm qGefeDtpövmrfbmomudk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuonf/
atmfwkdrifydkif,mwGif rGwfpvifr[kwfol &mckdifEIef;rSm ,ckxuf
tqrsm;pGm ydkrsm;cJhonf/ vlOD;a&\ twefoifh tiftm;BuD;aom
vlenf;pk (10% 30%) rSm tvuf0D*dkPf;cGJ (The ALevi sect)
eD;uyfqufpyfrI&SdMuolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ usefvlOD;a&rSm tjcm;
bmom0ifrsm; jzpfMuonf/
txl;ojzifh c&pf,mefbmom*dkPf;cJGrsm; (*&datmfodka'ghpf?
tmar;eD;,ef; tayghpawmhvpf) qD;&D;,m;atmfodka'ghpf? acsmv'D;
,rf;uufovpf ta&SUykdif; bk&m;ausmif;? *sL;bmom (Judaism)? a,ZD'kdifbmomwkdY jzpfMuNyD; bmomrJhrsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/ vl
enf;pkbmom0ifrsm;u rdrdwdkY\ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIaMumifh tpdk;&
ykdif;qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif tvkyftukdif r&&Sdatmif wrif
&nf&G,fvsuf ydwfyifwm;jrpfjcif; cHae&aMumif; nnf;nLwwfMu
onf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;? bm[mtDom bmom0ifrsm;ESifh
rGwfpvifbmom0iftcsdKUonf vlrItzGJUtpnf;\ oHo,jzpfrI?
r,HkMunfrIwkYdudk BuHKawGUcHpm;aeMu&onf/
tpGef;a&muf tpövmrfppfaoG;<ursm;uvnf; [Db½l;ESifh
tm&yfbmompum;ajymqkdolrsm;udk qefYusifonfh cHpm;csufrsm;(anti
semitic sentiments )udk ydkrdkwdk;yGm;vmum qufvufazmfjyvmMuonf/
xdkYtjyif tpövmrfbmomrS tjcm;bmomodkY ul;ajymif;vkdolrsm;rSm
vnf; wpfcgwpf&H vlrIa&;aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;rI (social harassment)
ESifh aqGrsdK;rsm;? tdrfeD;csif;rsm;rS tMurf;zufowfjzwfrIwdkYudk wpfcg
wpf&H BuHKawGUae&onf/
aqmf'Dtm;a&;bD;,m;EkdifiHonf tpövmrfbmomudk tajc
cHaom bk&ifpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfonfhEkdifiH (Islamic Therocratic
monarchy) jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomonf EkdifiHawmfbmomjzpfonf/
EkdifiH\Oya't& aqmf'DEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; rGwfpvifbmom0if
jzpf&rnf[k owfrSwfxm;onf/ odkYaomf rGwfpvifr[kwfol
EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;udk rGwfqvifrsm;tMum; vma&muf
aexdkif tvkyfvkyfudkifcGifh jyKxm;onf/ tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;odkY
oGm;a&mufcGifh rjyKxm;ay/
]aqmf'Drlwm0D;} odkYr[kwf ]aumif;*kPfudkjzefY? raumif;
*kPfudk wefYonfh aumfrwD} (The Saudi Mutaween or Committee for
Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice) [k ac:aom
bmoma&;&JwyfzGJU (The Religious police) u rGwfpvifr[kwfaom
bmomw&m;rsm;ESifhqkdifonfh yGJvrf;obifrsm;udk wm;jrpfNyD; trsdK;orD;
rsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;? t0wftpm;rsm;? taygif;tazmfrsm;ESihfywfouf
í jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYowfxm;onf/
trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;a&maESmrIESifhywfoufonfh
Oya'rsm;udkvnf; jyXmef;xm;onf/ aqmf'Drsm;onf ao'Pf
(trsm;tm;jzifh vly&dowfa&SUwGif "m;&Snfjzifh acgif;jzwfowfjcif;)
udk rMumcP toHk;jyKMuonf/ aqmf'DykdifaiGrsm;onf tpövmrf
tMurf;zuf0g'(The Islamic Terrorism) ESifh a&S;½dk;pGJtpövmrf0g'(The
Islamic fundam entalism)wdkYudk rsm;pGm rD;avmif&m avyifhvkyfaqmif
vQuf&Sdonf/
ygupöwefEdkifiH&Sd bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf &Sm&D,m
Oya'(Sharia Law) ESifh jy'g;wpfvrf; oHwpfvrf; jzpfvmonf/
tv’mt&Sif(Allah) udk tremy ajymqkda&;om;rIqkdif&mOya'rsm;
(Blashpemy Laws) u vGwfvyfpGm ajymqkdcGifhudk vnfrsdKwufeif;
vkdufovdk jzpfaeonf/ tpövmrfbmomudk qefYusifajymqkdrI?
tpövmrfbmom okdYr[kwf tpövmrfbmom\ wrefawmfrsm;udk
qefYusifwkdufcdkufa&;om;xkwfa0rIrsm;udk wm;jrpfxm;onf/ ygupö
wefEkdifiH\ jypfrIqkdif&mOya' (Penal Code)t& wrefawmfrkd[mruf
(Prophet Muhammad) trnfemrudk ½Iwfcsapmfum;ol rnfoludkrqkd
ao'PfcsrSwf&ef ,cktcg owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;NyD; jzpfonf/
þjypfrIqkdif&m Oya't& udk&rf&fusrf; (The Quran) udk
rav;rpm;jyKrltwGuf axmif'PfwpfoufwpfuRef;? bmoma&;t&
aoG;<uaygufuGJrIudk jzpfap&ef wrifwum &nf&G,fvsuf wpfyg;
ol\ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIrsm;udk apmfum;rItwGuf axmif'Pf(10)
ESpf txdcsrSwf&ef owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/ ygupöweftpdk;&
u tmruf'D rGwfqvif*dkPf;tm; (The Ahmadi Muslim sect) \
bmoma&;yGJvrf;obifrsm;udk w&m;0ifwm;jrpfjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;
¤if;rGwfpvif*kdPf;\ bmoma&;tavhtxrsm;udk Oya't& jyif;
xefpGm uefYowfxm;onf/ 1974 ckESpf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyif
qifcsufwpfckwGif tmruf'Drsm; (Ahmadis) onf rGwfpvif
bmom0if r[kwfaom vlenf;pkjzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/
taMumif;rSm tpkd;&\oabmt& ¤if;tmruf'Drsm;onf
rkd[mrufudk tpövmrfbmom\ aemufqHk;wrefawmftjzpf vufrcH
aomaMumifh[k qkdonf/ odkYaomf tmruf'Drsm;url rdrdwdkYudk,fudk
rGwfpvifrsm;[k xifrSwfMuqJ/ tpövmrfbmoma&; tavhtxrsm;
udk vkyfaqmifMuqJyif jzpfonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif trdefYpmtrSwf(20)
(Ordinance XX) t& tpdk;&u tydk'f-298(*)udk jypfrIqkdif&m
Oya'wGif xyfavmif;aygif;xnfhNyD; tmruf'Drsm;udk olwdkYudk,folwkdY
rGwfpvif[kac:jcif;? rGwfpviftjzpf jyKrlaexkdifjcif;? ¤if;wdkY\
,HkMunfudk;uG,frItaMumif; a[majymomoemjyKjcif;? tjcm;olrsm;
udk tmruf'Dbmoma&; ,HkMunfrIudk vufcHvmatmif zdwfac:rI?
rGwfpvifrsm;\bmoma&;qkdif&m cHpm;csufrsm;udk apmfum;jcif;wkdYudk
wm;jrpfydwfyifcJhonf/
1947ckESpfwGif EkdifiHtaejzifh oD;jcm;cGJxGufvGwfvyfa&;&
vmuwnf;u ygupöwefEkdifiH\ c&pf,mefbmom0if? [dE´Lbmom
0ifESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;rSmvnf; tMurf;zufrI? zsufqD;rI? rSm;,Gif;
zrf;qD;rIwdkY wpfaeYwpfjcm; ydkrdkwdk;yGm;vmNyD; ydkrdkqdk;&Gmaomtajctae
odkY a&muf&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/
,ckb*Fvm;a'h&Sf[laomEdkifiHonf ,cif&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;
pGmu Ak'¨bmom xGef;um;jyefYyGm;cJh&m ae&mXmewpfck jzpfcJhonf/
,cktcg vufusefAk'¨bmom0ifrsm;rSm EkdifiHvlOD;a&\ 0.7% om
&SdNyD; vsifjrefpGm usqif;vsuf&Sdonf/ (13)&mpk tapmykdif;wGif
tdEd´,EkdifiHudk rGwfpvifrsm; usL;ausmfwkdufcdkufcJhMuonf/ rGwf
pvifrsm;tkyfpdk;rIu [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk
aESmifh,SufowfjzwfrIrsm; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY jzpfapcJhonf/ ¤if;
bmom0ifrsm;\ bk&m;ausmif;rsm;? bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;
ta&;ygaomae&mrsm;udk tBuD;tus,f zsufqD;rIwdkY jyKcJhMuonf/
Ak'¨bmom0if&[ef;awmfrsm;udk owfjzwfcJhMuonf/ Ak'¨
bmom0ifrsm;ESifh [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;udk tpövmrfbmomokdY twif;
t"r® ul;ajymif;ap&ef tMurf;zufenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
þokdYtMurf;zufowfjzwfrIrcH&bJ toufcsrf;om&m&cJhonfh Ak'¨
bmom0iftrsm;pkrSmvnf; ab;uif;vHkNcHK&m&Sm&if; ppfwaumif;
awmifukef;a'ookdY ajymif;a&TUcJhMuonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQ
tdEd´, (British India) udk vGwfvyfa&;ay;aomtcg rGwfpvif
vlxku udk,fydkifEdkifiH awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ udk,fydkifEkdifiHudkvnf;
¤if;wdkYudk ay;cJhNyD; ygupöwefEkdifiH[k topfzGJUpnf;cJhonf/
¤if;ygupöwefEkdifiHwGif rkdif(1000)uGma0;aom a'oBuD;ESpfck
yg0ifcJhonf/ þEkdifiHtopfudk bmoma&;oufoufjzifh t"dyÜm,f owf
rSwfNyD; rGwfpvifEdkifiH [líyif orkwfcJhMuonf/ [dE´Lbmom0if?
Ak'¨bmom0ifESifhtjcm; rGwfpvif r[kwfol oef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk
ESifxkwfvQif ESifxkwf? ESifrxkwfjzpfvQif owfypfvkdufMuonf/
tdEd´,EkdifiHrS [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;uvnf; rGwfpvifoef;aygif;rsm;pGm
udk ESifxkwfjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefcJhonf/ (1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwef
(East Pakistan)u ygupöwef vufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&;udk
wdkufckduf,lcJhonf/
(4) vwm aoG;acsmif;pD;ppfyGJ jzpfyGm;cJhNyD;aemuf ta&SU
ygupöwefonf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH [lí jzpfvmcJhonf/ rGwfpvif
ygupöwefEkdifiHom;rsm;u rGwfpvifb*FgvDrsm;tay: vlrsdK;a&;
cGJjcm;rI? vlwGifus,fvkyfrIwdkYaMumifh ppfjzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ESpf
zufpvHk;u ppfyGJudk toHk;csí ¤if;y#dyu©ESifhvm;vm;rS rouf
qkdifaom b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd [dE´Lbmom0ifESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifoef;
aygif;rsm;pGmudk owfjzwfcJhMuonf/ ,ckvwfwavm tajctaewGif
b*Fvm;a'h&SfvlrsdK;rsm;onf urÇmwGif bmoma&;t& onf;rcHEkdif
qHk;? aygufuGJ tMurf;zufvG,fqHk;aom rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfvmaeMuonf/
Ak'¨bmom0if? [dE´Lbmom0ifESifh c&pf,mefbmom0if
vlenf;pkrsm;rSm tMurf;zufrI? rD;½dIUrI? ajrvkrI? t"r®bmomajymif;
ckdif;rIwdkYudk 'DvdIif;yrm wpfvHk;NyD; wpfvHk; vmt½dkufcHaeMu&&Sm
onf/ rGwfpvifr[kwfolrsm; (rGwfpvifr[kwfaomuav;rsm;tyg
t0if)udk tpövmrfbmom odkYr[kwf rkd[mrufESifhywfoufí a0zef
onf? tremrajymqdkonf[kqkdum vGJrSm;pGmpGyfpGJvsufao'Pfay;cJh
Muonf/ tdEd´,EkdifiHonf rdrdudk,fudkumuG,f&ef b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH
ESifhpyfaeaom &Snfvsm;onfh e,fedrdwfwpfavQmufwGif rkdifaygif;
(1790) &Snfvsm;aom oHrPdql;BudK;rsm;jzifh cHwyfozG,f um&H
xm;onfh NcHpnf;½dk;udk wnfaqmufxm;NyD; jzpfonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpövmrftpGef;a&mufrsm;rS tdEd,vlrsdK;rsm;
\ tvkyftudkifudk vk,lMurnfh a&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;? ]½dk[if
*sm qkdolrsm;} odkYr[kwf tjcm;aomrGwfpvifrsm;wnf;[laom
xdef;rEkdifodrf;r&jzpfonfh vdIif;wHydk;rsm; tdEd´,jynfwGif;odkY r0if
a&mufEkdifapa&; umuG,f&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;NcHpnf;½dk;onfurÇmht&Snf
vsm;qHk;aom e,ferdwfNcHpnf;½dk;BuD;yif jzpfayonf/ þrnfaom
EdkifiHrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif okdYr[kwf tjcm;EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHwGif rnf
onfu trSefw&m;jzpfrnf? rnfonfu trSefw&m;jzpfonf[k
rnfodkY tqHk;tjzwfay;Ekdifygrnfenf;/
(rl&if;aqmif;yg;&Sif tar&duef pma&;q&m orkdif;okawoD Rick
Heizman - Organization of Islamic Cooperation –OIC udk
bmomjyef qkdygonf/ bmomjyefqkdol- &J&ifhol&Jaumif;)/ /
rsm;jym;pGmaom
vrf;ab;wkdYwGif
vlt½kd;rsm;
jyefYusJaeqJjzpfonf/
xkdvlowfuGif;jyifrsm;wGif
aoG;pGef;ae....
Hindu Genocide in East Pakistan By Shrin andan Vyas
þaqmif;yg;onf(1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwefü
[dE´Lbmom0if 2.5 oef;cefY tokwfoifcH&rItaMumif;ukd avhvm
wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
þaqmif;yg;onf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH tpkd;&pDrHudef;Xme?
NAdwefeD;um;pG,fpkHusrf;? txufvTwfawmftrwft,f'Gwfuae'D\
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk txufvTwfawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDokdY
tpD&ifcHpm? e,l;0dcfr*¾Zif;? e,l;a,mufwkdif;rfpf owif;pmtp&Sdonf
wdkYu ay;xm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ukd;um;ygonf/
(1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwefü [dE´Lbmom0ifoef;csDum
towfcH&jcif;udk jyo&eftwGuf þowif;tcsuftvufESifhtajccH
*Pef;ocsFmynmwkdYtm; tokH;jyKxm;ygonf/
This article deals with slaughter of about 2.5millon
Hindus in East Pakistan in 1971.This article refers to
information provided by Dept. of Planning of Government to
Bangladesh, Encyclopedia Britannica ,
SentorEdward Kenneydy's report to the U.S.Edward
Kennedy's report to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee,
Newsweek,New York Times ,etc. This information and
elementary math are used to show that indeed millions of
Hindus were killed in East Pakistan in 1941.
,cifu ta&SUygupöwefjzpfaom b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHwGif
(1971)ckESpf? ppfwyf zdESdyfrIaMumifh 'ku©onf(10)oef; tdEd´,EdkifiH
twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufrI jzpfapcJhonfukd trsm;odMuygonf/ urÇm
ay:wGif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY av;pm;vufcHMuonfh u,fq,fa&;ESifh
owif;Xmersm;u aoqkH;olta&twGufukd (3)oef;[k qdkonf/
okdY&mwGif xkdpm&if;tif;rsm;ukdMunfhvQif ay:vGifxif&Sm;vmonfh
tcsufrSm-ta&SUygupöwef\ [dE´Lbmom0ifxkBuD;wpfckvkH;onf
(1971)ckESpfu (9)vMum zdESdyfrItwGif;ü ygupöwefppfwyf\
ypfrSwfjzpfonfqkdaom tcsufjzpf\/
b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&ESifh tar&dueftpkd;&wdkY\ xkwfjyefcsuf
rsm;rS &&Sdaompm&if;tif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKí þaqmif;yg;u b*F
vm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrS 'ku©onfrsm;teuf vlOD;a&(80)%rSm [dE´Lbmom
0ifrsm;jzpfNyD; towfcH&ol(3)oef;teuf (80)%rSmvnf; [dE´L
bmom0ifrsm;yifjzpfaMumif; oufaojyrnf jzpfygonf/ odkYygí(1971)
ckESpfu ta&SUygupöwefa'owGif jzpfyGm;cJhaomudpö&yfrsm;rSm [dE´L
bmom0if 'ku©onfwdkY\ jyóemwpfckjzpfNyD; [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;tm;
rsKd;jzKwfowfjzwfrIwpfck jzpfygonf/
NAdwef;eD;um; pG,fpkHusrf; (pm&if;tif;rsm;twGuf)? b*Fvm;
a'h&Sf EdkifiHtpkd;&pDrHudef;Xme? e,l;pf0dcfr*¾Zif;? e,l;a,mufwdkif;rfpf
owif;pm? txufvTwfawmftrwft,f'Gwfuae'D\ tar&duef
jynfaxmifpk txufvTwfawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDodkY tpD&ifcHpm
10 References -Encyclopedia Britannica ,Bangla Desh
Government _ Ministry of Planning (For statistics), Newsweek
,New York Times ,Senator Edward Kennedy's report to the U.S
Senate Judiciary Committee.
ygupöwefEdkifiHwGif (1970)ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif t0grD
tzGJUcsKyfu trwfae&m (169)ae&m teuf (167)udk tEdkif&NyD; ta&SU
ygupöwefa'owGif vlxkrJ (80%)ausmf &&Sdonf/ ocsmFenf;t&
qdkvQif t0grDtzGJUcsKyfonf ygupöweftrsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif trsm;pk
&&Sdonf(pkpkaygif; 313 ae&mwGif 167)/
(1) ordkif;aMumif;t& ta&SUygupöwefonf pkpkaygif;
o,HZmw\ (36%)udkom cGJa0cHpm;cGifh&SdNyD; ygupöwefjynfaxmifpk
z,f'&,ftpkd;&wGif ae&m(20%)udkom &onf/
(2) vlaygif; (2500000) ausmf aoqkH;cJhaom (1970)
Edk0ifbmvwGif aMumufruffzG,f qdkifuvkH;rkefwdkif;tNyD; ta&SU
ygupöwefa'otay: ygupöweftpkd;&\ tom;a&mifcGJjcm;rIu
ta&SUygupöwefvlxktm; olpdrf;jyifjyifuJhodkU pdwfcHpm;rIudk jzpfay:
aponf/ ta&SUESifhtaemuf ygupöwefEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;tMum;
uGJjym;jcm;em;rIonf tjynfjynfqkdif&m ta&;tcif;wpf&yftjzpfodkY
½kwfjcnf;wdk;wufoGm;cJhonf/ (1971)ckESpf? rwfv (25)&ufaeYwGif
or®w,m,mcef\trdefUjzifh ygupöwefppfwyfonf tMurf;zuf
ppfqifa&;wpf&yfudk pwifcJh&m (1971) ckESpf? 'DZifbmv(17)&ufaeY
wGif tdEd,ppfwyfxH aemufqkH;vufeufcs&onfhtcsdefxd MumjrihfcJhonf/
ygupöwefppfwyf\ þtMurf;zufrIppfqifa&;u b*F
vm;a'h&Sf 'ku©onf(10)oef;? tdEd´,e,fjcm;udk jzwfausmf0ifa&mufrI
jzpfapcJhNyD; (txufvTwfawmftrwf tuf'Gwfuae'D\ tar&duef
jynfaxmifpktxufvTwfawmf w&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDodkY tpD&ifcHpm
tnTef;-3) u,fq,fa&;Xmetrsm;pk\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh b*Fvm;
a'h&Sftpdk;&\ w&m;0ifcefYrSef;csuftay: tajccHwGufcsufrIt&
(3)oef; towfcH&aponf/ (tnTef; -4?5)
okdY&mwGif 'ku©onfrsm;ESifhaoqHk;olrsm;tm; rnfonfh
ae&mwGifrQ bmoma&;t& cGJjcm;azmfjyrI r&Sday/ tdEd´,owif;rD'D,m
wdkYrS tpD&ifcHpmrsm;wGif þodYkaomowif;tcsuftvufrsdK;udk razmfjy
bJ usefae&pfonfudk awGU&onf/ þokdYaom owif;xkwfjyefrIwkdYu
ta&SUygupöwefa'owGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh [dELbmom0ifwdkYtm; rsdK;jzKwf
owfjzwfrIwnf;[laom ydkrdk,kwfrmaumufuspfaom trSefw&m;udk
a,bk,stm;jzifh urÇmhjrifuGif;rS txl;ojzifh tdEd´,EdkifiHom;wdkY\
jrifuGif;rS zHk;uG,fxm;ovdk jzpfaecJhayonf/
[dE´Lbmom0ifwkdYonf ygupöwefppfwyf\ txl;a&G;cs,f
xm;aom ypfrSwfjzpfonf/ (1971) ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv(1)&uf aeYpGJ
wyfxm;onfh ol\tpD&ifcHpmtESpfcsKyfwGif txufvTwfawmftrwf
tuf'Gufuae'Du a&;om;xm;onfrSm (tnTef;-6) ]tar&duef
jynfaxmifpk\ uGif;qif;aumuf,laom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? ra&rwGufEkdif
onfhowif;orm;wdkY\ udk,fawGUrsufjrifrSwfwrf;rsm;? urÇmhbPf
uJhodkYaom tjynfjynfqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh
qyfaumfrwDu xyfrHí &&SdorQ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; tm;vHk;
wdkYu ta&SUba*Fg(ta&SUygupöwef)ukd qGJn§pfcsKyfudkifaeaom taMumuf
w&m;vTrf;rdk;apjcif;jzifh tkyfpdk;rIudk oufaojyrSwfwrf;jyKvQuf&Sdonf/
tjyif;xefqHk;xdcdkuf&olwdkYrSm [dE´LvlUtokduft0ef;0ifrsm;
jzpfayonf/ olwdkY\ ajr,mrsm;ESifh aps;qkdifae&mrsm; vk,uf
odrf;ydkufcH&onf/ pepfwusowfjzwfokwfoifjcif; cH&onf/ tcsdKU
ae&mrsm;ü ([dE´L twdkaumuf) ]tdyfcsf} trSwftom;udk t0ga&mif
aq;jzifh a&;cs,fxm;cJhMuonf/ ppfOay'udk taMumif;jyKí þ
vkyf&yftm;vHk;udk (ygupöwefEkdifiH\NrdKUawmf) tpövmrfbufrSw&m;
0ifcGifhjyKjcif;? trdefYay;jcif;ESifh pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;jyKonf/
(vlowfuGif;rsm;pmtkyfa&;ol) ylvpfZmqk&Sifowif;orm;
qpf'eD&Sef;b*fonf (1971)ckESpf ppfwyf\zdESdyfrIumvESifh (1971)
ckESpf b*Fvm;a'h&SfppfyGJ umvtwGif;wGif e,l;a,mufwkdif;rf
owif;pm\ (ta&SUb*Fvm; NrdKUawmf) 'gumNrdKUtajcpdkuf owif;
axmufjzpfonf/ ol\ rlydkifowif; ]epfqif rjrifcsifa,mifaqmif
aeaom ygupöwefokwfoifrIBuD;} wGif rpöwm&Sef;bwfu a&;om;
xm;onfrSm ]ppfudk uRefawmfBuHKcJhNyD; tdEd´,ppfom;rsm;udk vGwf
ajrmufa&;twGuf u,fwif&Sifrsm;tjzpf vlxk\ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
omBudKqkdrIukd udk,fwkdif jrifawGUcGifh&cJhonf/ aemufydkif;wGif EkdifiH
tESHYudk vrf;&Sdoí vSnfhvnfMunfh½Iaomtcg ygupöwefwdkY\
orkdif;wGifrnfhvkyf&yfrsm;udk vwfvwfqwfqwfBuD; awGU&awmh
onf/ wpfNrdKUNyD; wpfNrdKUawGU&onfrSm vSHpGyfrsm;? usnfqHrsm;ESifh
wif;ykwfwdkYjzifh vlrsm;udk owfjzwfcJhaom okwfoifowfjzwfonfh
ae&mrsm; jzpfonf/ tcsdKUNrdKUrsm;wGif okwfoifowfjzwfrIrsm;udk
aeYpOf tpDtpOfjzifh jyKvkyfcJhonf/
xdktcsdefonf ppfNyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf wpfvtMum (1972)
ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif jzpfonf/ rsm;jym;pGmaomvrf;ab;wkdYwGif
vlt½kd;rsm; jyefYusJaeqJ jzpfonf/ xkdvlowfuGif;jyifrsm;wGif
aoG;pGef;aeaomt0wfrsm;? vlwkdY\qHyifaxG;rsm;rSm NcHKykwfrsm;ü
NidwG,fvQuf&Sdaeayao;onf/ em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifpGrf; enf;
yg;ao;aomi,f&G,fvSonfh uav;i,frsm;onf t½dk;acgif;rsm;jzifh
twkjrif twwfoifum pdwful;,Ofupm;enf;rsm;udk upm;vsuf
&dSMuonf/ tjcm;usef&pfaomtrSwftom;wdkYrSm rGwfpvifppfwyf\
txl;jyK ypfrSwfrsm;jzpfaom [dE´Lbmom0ifwkdY\ aetdrfrsm;wGif
ygupöwefwkdYu a&;okwfcJhaom t0ga&mif ]tdyfcsf}pmvHk;rsm; jzpf
onf/ (tnTef;-7)
wpfcku (1971)ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv(1)&ufaeY rwkdifrDjzpfNyD;
tjcm;wpfcku (1972) ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvu jzpfonfh vGwfvyfaom
avhvmcsufESpfcku ta&SUygupöwefa'orS [dE´Lbmom0ifwdkY\
tdrfrsm;udk t0ga&mif ]tdyfcsf} pmvHk;rsm;jzifh trSwftom;jyKcJhMuNyD;
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;onf ygupöwefppfwyf\ txl;jyK ypfrSwfjzpf
aMumif; twnfjyKxm;ayonf/ tajctaerSm (1939)ckESpfrS
(1944)ckESpftxd emZDwdkYu *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYtm; ypfrSwfxm;vsuf
ESdyfuGyfrIESifh rarQmfvifhbJ qifwlaeaMumif;awGU&NyD; &v'frSmvnf;
qifwlaeayonf/
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrS 'ku©onftrsm;pkrSm [dE´Lbmom0if
rsm; jzpfonf/ txufvTwfawmftrwftuf'Gyfuae'Du ol\
tpD&ifcHpmwGif (1971)ckESpf? b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHrS xGufvmaom
'ku©onfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí atmufygtwkdif; tao;pdwf tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ (1971)ckESpf atmufwkdbm (25)
&ufaeYwGif ta&SUygupöwefa'orS 'ku©onf(9.5)oef; tdEd´,
EkdifiHokdY jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJhNyD; jzpfonf/ (1971)ckESpf atmuf
wkdbmvwGif ysrf;rQvl0ifEIef;rSm wpf&ufvQif 'ku©onf 106453
OD; jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-3) xkdYaMumifh (1971)ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (3)
&ufwGif jzpfyGm;aom b*Fvm;a'h&fSppfyGJtpü pkpkaygif; 'ku©onf
ta&twGufrSm (10)oef;cefY jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-5)
txufvTwfawmftrwfuae'Du xyfrHí azmfjyonfrSm
tdEd´,tpdk;&onf tqifajyaomae&mrsm;ü [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh
rGwfpvifrsm;twGuf oD;jcm;'ku©onfpcef;rsm; wnfaxmifay;xm;
&m [dE´L'ku©onfpcef;rsm;onf [dE´Lbmom0if trsm;pk&Sd&ma'o
rsm;ü wnf&SdNyD; tvm;wlyif rGwfpvifpcef;rsm;onf rGwfpvif
trsm;pk&Sd&ma'orsm;wGif wnf&dSonf/ 'ku©onfwdkY\ todkuft0ef;
tvkdufudk,fpm;jyKrIrSm [dE´Lbmom0if (80%)? rGwfpvif(15%)
ESifh c&pf,mefbmom0ifESifh tjcm;olrsm;(5%)jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-8)
þtcsufu 'ku©onf (10)oef;teuf (8)oef;onf
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k qkdvkdayonf/ (tnTef;-8)
þtcsufudk axmufcHaomtjcm;tcsufrSm txufvTwf
awmftrwf uae'Du 'ku©onfpcef;rsm;\ wm0efcHu,fq,fa&;
t&m&Sd tBuD;tuJrsm;pGmtm; rnfonhft&monf csufcsif; tvdktyf
qHk;jzpfonfudk ar;jref;aomtcg olwdkY\ajzqkdcsufu ]rD;oN*dKvf&ef
ae&mrsm;}[lí jzpfonf/ ([dE´Lbmom0ifrsm; aoqHk;aomfrD;oN*dKvf
avh&Sdonf)/
aysmufqHk;aeaom[dE´L bmom0if2.5 oef;? tzGJUtpnf;
trsm;tjym;u ygupöwefppfwyf\ vlrqefaomzdESdyfrIonf
b*FgvD(3)oef;ukd owfjzwfypfcJhaMumif; jyqkdMuonf/ þcefYrSef;
csufudk b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHtpdk;&uyif ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (tnTef;
-5) okdY&mwGif udk;uG,f&mbmomtvkduf aoqHk;olwdkYtm; cGJjcm;&ef
rSm tvG,fwul rjzpfEkdifay/
( Burma Democratic Concern (BDC)) wGif azmfjyxm;aom
bmomjyefaqmif;yg;tm; aumufEkwfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf/-zsmyHke'D)
olr vufonf;udk
teDa&mifjc,forItwGuf
tif;qufydk;rTm;awG
xnfhxm;aomtdwfxJodkY
olr\vufudk xnfhNyD;
'Pfay;wm....
olronf rsufESmzHk;pGyfudk cRwf&efqHk;jzwfvkdufonfhtwGuf
tpGef;a&muftpövmrfrpfaumifpDtzGJU\ owfjzwf&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufrI
awGudk cH&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh olr av;ESpft&G,fuwnf;u
rdcifjzpfolu t"r® twif;tusyf 0wfckdif;ojzifhom 0wfqifae&
wmjzpfNyD; rdrdoabmt& pdwfBudKufvGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,fxm;aom
udpör[kwfyg/
olronf &Jpcef;okdYoGm;NyD; acgif;NcHKvTmonf rdcif\
qHk;jzwfcsufomjzpfNyD; rdrd\qHk;jzwfcsuf r[kwfyg/ acgif;pGyfcRwf
vkduf&ojzifh rdrdb0wpfavQmufwGif vGwfvyfrIudk yxrOD;qHk;
tBudrf cHpm;vkduf&ygonf[k aMunmcJhygonf/ ¤if;tjyif tmPm
ykdifawGESifh ukd&rf&fusrf;pmwGif b,fae&mwGifrS
acgif;NcHKvTrf;xm;&ef nTefMum;csuftykd'f
wpfydk'fyif r&Sd[k jiif;qdk axmuf
jycJhygonf/ onfhtwGuf
olr\ vlrItodkif;t0ef;wGif
vnf; tBuD;tus,f a0zef
cH&ygonf/ olr\zcifu
olUtdrfukdcJrsm;ESifh vma&muf
ypfayguf wdkufcdkufcJhygonf/
(Oya'u cGifhjyKxm;avvm;? 'gu
a&m tMurf;zufrIvkdURubby mirror wdkY
½HIUcsEkdifMurvm;)/
ukvor*¾vufatmufcH
vlU tcGifhta&;tzGJU (WFUNA)
tzGJUwGif vkyftm;ay;aeaom olru acgif;NcHKvTmonf tpövmrf
ray:xGef;rDuwnf;u (tpövmrfbmomonf c&pfouú&mZf 600
ausmfwGif pwif ay:xGef;ygonf) tm&yfa,mufsm;? rdef;rrsm;u
&moDOwktajctaet& 0wfqifcJhaom a&S;"avh0wfpm;qif,ifrIom
jzpfygonf/ tpövmrftrsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;twGuf avhvmrIrsm;
vkyfNyD; umZHu rdrdbmaMumifh acgif;NrD;NcHKvTm jzKwf&onfh
taMumif;&if;udk &Sif;vif;cJhygonf/ rdrdbmawGajymif;vJcJh&onfudk
&Sif;jycJhygonf/ (uRefr acgif;NcHKvTmcRwfvkdufwmeJY vGwfvyfrIudk
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r&wm[m olYEkdifiH? olUOya't& olUoabmygyJ/ wnfqJOya'eJY
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cGifhjyKcsufr&SdbJ EkdifiHjcm;om;udk tuefYtowfrJh vufcHwmr&Sdbl;/
w&m;r0if jrefrma&TUajymif;olawGudkvnf; oufqkdif&m
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w&m;0ifOya't& EkdifiHom;jzpfcGifh&SdvkdY jrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfaeMuwJh
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ygbl;Asm/
1982 EkdifiHom;Oya'udk b*FgvD(rGwfpvif)tBudKuf
vkdufjyifqifay;zkdY jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfrSm aemiftESpf(100)
twGif; tpDtpOf r&dSygbl;/ 1982 EkdifiHom;Oya'udk rBudKufvkdY
tESdrfcH&w,fvkdYxif&if jrefrmjynfrSm raecsif&if rGwfpvifawG
jrefrmjynfuae xGufoGm;vkYd&wJhtaMumif; tMuHjyKvdkufyg&ap/
/ / /
1/ OuúHNrdKUay:rSm jzpfNyD; rMumygbl;/ &GmawG rD;½dIUcH&wm
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oHk;oyfcsuf(2)
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oHk;oyfcsuf(3)
tckwavmjzpfcJhwJh urÇmhjzpf&yfawGrSm
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awmif;qdkwmawG tMurf;zuf azmufcGJowfjzwfwm
awG jzpfaeawmh jrefrmjynfwGif;u rGwfpvif
awGtaeeJY tJ'Djrefrmjynftjyifu rGwfpvifqkdol
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a0zefaqmfMozdkY ESmap;aeygw,f/ wu,fawmh
jrefrmjynfzGm;rGwfpvifawG[m jrefrmjynf0ef;usifrSm
arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;cJhvkdYom Nidrf;csrf;rI? w&m;rQwrIeJY
ynmwwfajrmufrIawG &&SdaeMuwmyg/
jrefrmjynfzGm;rGwfpvifqkdolawGudk rGwfpvifOya' &Sm&D,m
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