View
233
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Brad Street
1/22
Westlaw Delivery Summary Report for WL WATCH F&P,
Date/Time of Request: Friday, March 16, 2012 10:40 CentralClient Identifier: 44444-01160
Database: CA-ORCS
Citation Text: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440
Lines: 1238
Documents: 1
Images: 0
The material accompanying this summary is subject to copyright. Usage is governed by contract with Thomson Reuters,
West and their affiliates.
8/2/2019 Brad Street
2/22
Court of Appeal, First District, Division 1, Califor-nia.
Angela M. BRADSTREET, as Labor Commission-
er, etc., Plaintiff and Appellant,
v.
Anna WONG et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Angela M. Bradstreet, as Labor Commissioner, etc.,
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v.
Anna Wong et al., Defendants and Respondents;
Yan Fang Mei, Intervener and Appellant.
Nos. A113760, A114106.
April 16, 2008.
Background: Labor Commissioner brought action
against principals of closely held garment manufac-
turing corporations for liquidated damages for un-
paid minimum wages, overtime, and vacation pay,
penalties for bad payroll checks and failure to pay
wages due, and penalties payable to state treasurer.
Former employees intervened and sought restitution
under the unfair competition law (UCL). After
bench trial, the Superior Court, San Francisco
County, No. 404939,Ernest H. Goldsmith, J.,
entered judgment for principals. Commissioner and
employee appealed.
Holdings: The Court of Appeal, Stein, J., held that:
(1) action to recover wages owed under orders of
Industrial Welfare Commission (IWC) was only
permitted against entities that were employers un-
der common law;
(2) principals were not employers personally li-
able for wages;
(3) principals were not deemed employers of unre-gistered garment manufacturer; and
(4) principals were not required to pay unpaid
wages as restitution under UCL.
Affirmed.
See also 2008 WL 1736063.
West Headnotes
[1] Corporations and Business Organizations
101 1958
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1956 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1958 k. Acting in corporate capa-
city as opposed to acting in personal capacity. Most
Cited Cases(Formerly 101k306)
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1971
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1971 k. Tortious acts in general.
Most Cited Cases
(Formerly 101k306)Under the common law, corporate agents act-
ing within the scope of their agency are not person-
ally liable for the corporate employer's failure to
pay its employees' wages, regardless of whether the
corporation's failure to pay such wages, in particu-
lar circumstances, breaches only its employment
contract or also breaches a tort duty of care.
[2] Corporations and Business Organizations
101 1997
101 Corporations and Business Organizations101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1996 Actions to Enforce Liability
101k1997 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Page 1
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0290363401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0290363401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0264336901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000999&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2015802591http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1971http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1971http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1996http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1997http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1996http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1971http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1971http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0000999&FindType=Y&SerialNum=2015802591http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0264336901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0290363401&FindType=h8/2/2019 Brad Street
3/22
(Formerly 101k350.1)
Labor and Employment 231H 2178
231H Labor and Employment231HXIII Wages and Hours
231HXIII(A) In General
231Hk2178 k. Payment of wages in gen-
eral. Most Cited Cases
Statute providing that Division of Labor Stand-
ards Enforcement (DLSE) may prosecute civil ac-
tions to recover wages owing under orders of the
Industrial Welfare Commission (IWC) only permits
actions against entities that meet the common law
definition of employer, but not actions against
corporate agents or control figures meeting only the
definition of employer in IWC wage order applic-
able to the garment industry. West's Ann.Cal.Labor
Code 1193.6; 8 CCR 11010.
See Cal. Jur. 3d, Labor, 114; Cal. Civil Practice
(Thomson/West 2007) Employment Litigation,
4:45, 4:76, 4:87, 4:88; Chin et al., Cal. Practice
Guide: Employment Litigation (The Rutter Group
2007) 11:126 (CAEMPL Ch. 11-B).
[3] Corporations and Business Organizations
101 1644
101 Corporations and Business Organizations101VI Shareholders and Members
101VI(D) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1643 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1644 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k238)
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1957
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1956 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1957 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k325)
Labor and Employment 231H 2227
231H Labor and Employment231HXIII Wages and Hours
231HXIII(B) Minimum Wages and Overtime
Pay
231HXIII(B)2 Persons and Employments
Within Regulations
231Hk2226 Employers Included
231Hk2227 k. In general. Most
Cited Cases
Principals of closely held garment manufactur-
ing corporations were not employers under com-
mon law definition, and thus were not personally li-
able in action brought by Labor Commissioner for
corporations' alleged unpaid minimum wages, over-
time, and vacation pay, and penalties for bad
payroll checks and failure to pay wages when due.
West's Ann.Cal.Labor Code 203, 203.1, 204,
227.3, 1193.6, 1194.2.
[4] Labor and Employment 231H 2178
231H Labor and Employment
231HXIII Wages and Hours
231HXIII(A) In General
231Hk2178 k. Payment of wages in gen-
eral. Most Cited Cases
Principals of closely held garment manufactur-
ing corporation registered with Labor Commission-
er were not deemed employers of the employees
of unregistered garment manufacturer with which
their corporation contracted, as would make prin-
cipals liable for deemed employees' unpaid wages,
absent some basis for deeming principals to be alter
egos of their corporation; even though their corpor-
ation could have been held liable as deemed em-
ployer, principals themselves did not contract withthe unregistered manufacturer. West's
Ann.Cal.Labor Code 2677.
[5] Labor and Employment 231H 2178
231H Labor and Employment
Page 2
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000937&DocName=8CAADCS11010&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0122488&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0284158247http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791227http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791227http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791258http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791269http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791270http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0152891&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0287826962http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0152891&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0287826962http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28B%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28B%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28B%292http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2226http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203.1&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS204&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS227.3&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1194.2&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1194.2&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS227.3&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS204&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203.1&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2227http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2226http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28B%292http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28B%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0152891&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0287826962http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791270http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791269http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791258http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791227http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0126977&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0292791227http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=0122488&FindType=Y&SerialNum=0284158247http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000937&DocName=8CAADCS11010&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231H8/2/2019 Brad Street
4/22
231HXIII Wages and Hours
231HXIII(A) In General
231Hk2178 k. Payment of wages in gen-
eral. Most Cited Cases
Purpose of statute providing that garment man-
ufacturers that do business with unregistered gar-
ment manufacturers are deemed employers of the
unregistered manufacturers' employees is to end the
practice of garment manufacturers reaping the be-
nefits of Labor Code violations by contracting with
an independent contractor, but shielding themselves
from liability based on the fact that the independent
contractor, not the contracting garment manufac-
turer, is the employer. West's Ann.Cal.Labor Code
2677.
[6] Corporations and Business Organizations
101 1059
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101II Disregarding Corporate Entity; Piercing
Corporate Veil
101k1057 Particular Occasions for Determin-
ing Corporate Entity
101k1059 k. Contracts in general. Most
Cited Cases
(Formerly 101k1.6(2))
Labor and Employment 231H 2178
231H Labor and Employment
231HXIII Wages and Hours
231HXIII(A) In General
231Hk2178 k. Payment of wages in gen-
eral. Most Cited Cases
When the corporate entity of a garment manu-
facturer that contracts with an unregistered garment
manufacturer is abused by individual owners or of-
ficers who disregard the separate status of the cor-
porate entity and use its assets for their personal be-nefit, then the alter-ego doctrine may be applied to
hold those owners or officers accountable as
deemed employers of the unregistered manufac-
turer's employees. West's Ann.Cal.Labor Code
2677.
[7] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T 291
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)1 In General
29Tk291 k. Persons liable. Most Cited
Cases
An owner or officer of a corporation may be in-
dividually liable under the unfair competition law
(UCL) if he or she actively and directly participates
in the unfair business practice. West's Ann.Cal.Bus.
& Prof.Code 17200 et seq.
[8] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T 291
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)1 In General
29Tk291 k. Persons liable. Most Cited
Cases
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1644
101 Corporations and Business Organizations101VI Shareholders and Members
101VI(D) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1643 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1644 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k215)
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1957
101 Corporations and Business Organizations101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1956 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1957 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Page 3
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101IIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1057http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1057http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1059http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1057http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101IIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2677&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk2178http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HXIII8/2/2019 Brad Street
5/22
(Formerly 101k325)
Not all remedies imposed with respect to a cor-
poration under the unfair competition law (UCL)
are necessarily equally applicable to its individual
owners or officers. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17200 et seq.
[9] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T 351
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)5 Actions
29Tk351 k. Nature and form. Most
Cited Cases
An unfair competition law (UCL) action is
equitable in nature; damages cannot be recovered.
West's Ann.Cal.Bus. & Prof.Code 17200 et seq .
[10] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
1005
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TXVIII Penalties and Fines
29Tk1005 k. In general. Most Cited Cases
Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T 1010
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TXIX Offenses and Prosecutions
29Tk1010 k. In general. Most Cited Cases
Civil penalties may be assessed in public unfair
competition law (UCL) actions, but the law con-
tains no criminal provisions. West's Ann.Cal.Bus.
& Prof.Code 17200 et seq.
[11] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
381
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk380 Injunction
29Tk381 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T 388
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk387 Monetary Relief; Damages
29Tk388 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Under the unfair competition law (UCL), pre-
vailing plaintiffs are generally limited to injunctive
relief and restitution. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17200 et seq.
[12] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
1005
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TXVIII Penalties and Fines
29Tk1005 k. In general. Most Cited Cases
Civil penalties pursuant to the unfair competi-
tion law (UCL) are an available remedy only in a
public action. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. & Prof.Code
17206.
[13] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
389(2)
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk387 Monetary Relief; Damages
29Tk389 Grounds and Subjects
29Tk389(2) k. Particular cases.
Most Cited Cases
Unpaid earned wages may be recovered from a
corporation as restitution under the unfair competi-
tion law (UCL). West's Ann.Cal.Bus. & Prof.Code
17203.
[14] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
291
Page 4
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%295http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXVIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXIXhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1010http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1010http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1010http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk380http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk381http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk381http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXVIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17206&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17206&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk389http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk389%282%29http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk389%282%29http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk389%282%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk389%282%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk389http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17206&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17206&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXVIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk381http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk381http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk380http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1010http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1010http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXIXhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk1005http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TXVIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk351http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%295http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=L8/2/2019 Brad Street
6/22
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)1 In General
29Tk291 k. Persons liable. Most Cited
Cases
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1644
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VI Shareholders and Members
101VI(D) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1643 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1644 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k238)
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1958
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1956 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1958 k. Acting in corporate capa-
city as opposed to acting in personal capacity. Most
Cited Cases
(Formerly 101k325)
Principals of closely held garment manufactur-
ing corporations were not required to personally
pay earned but unpaid wages to employees of the
corporations as restitution under the unfair competi-
tion law (UCL), absent evidence that principals re-
quired any employee to work for them personally or
misappropriated corporate funds for their own use;
such payment would not replace any money orproperty that principals took directly from employ-
ees. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. & Prof.Code 17203.
[15] Appeal and Error 30 837(10)
30 Appeal and Error
30XVI Review
30XVI(A) Scope, Standards, and Extent, in
General
30k837 Matters or Evidence Considered
in Determining Question
30k837(10) k. Consideration of evid-
ence not introduced or offered. Most Cited Cases
Reviewing courts generally do not take judicial
notice of evidence not presented to the trial court.
[16] Evidence 157 43(4)
157 Evidence
157I Judicial Notice
157k43 Judicial Proceedings and Records
157k43(4) k. Proceedings in other courts.
Most Cited Cases
The Court of Appeal would deny request to
take judicial notice of indictment, jury verdicts, and
judgment in federal criminal case against principals
of closely held garment manufacturing corpora-
tions, in considering whether principals were per-
sonally liable to pay earned but unpaid wages to
employees of corporations as restitution under the
unfair competition law (UCL); federal criminal pro-
ceedings commenced after trial court entered judg-
ment in state case, principals had no opportunity to
present evidence or argument on factual and legalrelevance of federal case, and for the Court of Ap-
peal to determine relevance would have required
detailed inquiry into facts and contentions in the
federal proceeding. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17203.
[17] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
388
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk387 Monetary Relief; Damages
29Tk388 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
An order for restitution under the unfair com-
Page 5
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30XVIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30XVI%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30XVI%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30k837http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30k837%2810%29http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=30k837%2810%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157Ihttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157k43http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157k43http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157k43%284%29http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=157k43%284%29http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=157k43%284%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157k43%284%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157k43http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157Ihttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=157http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=30k837%2810%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30k837%2810%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30k837http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30XVI%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30XVIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=30http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1958http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%291http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29T8/2/2019 Brad Street
7/22
petition law (UCL) is one compelling a defendant
to return money, or earned wages for service per-
formed, obtained through an unfair business prac-
tice, to those persons in interest from whom the
property was taken, that is, to persons who had an
ownership interest in the property or those claiming
through that person. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17203.
[18] Corporations and Business Organizations
101 1644
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VI Shareholders and Members
101VI(D) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1643 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1644 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k238)
Corporations and Business Organizations 101
1957
101 Corporations and Business Organizations
101VII Directors, Officers, and Agents
101VII(E) Liability for Corporate Debts and
Acts
101k1956 Nature and Grounds in General
101k1957 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
(Formerly 101k325)
Labor and Employment 231H 170
231H Labor and Employment
231HIV Compensation and Benefits
231HIV(A) In General
231Hk168 Wages and Salary
231Hk170 k. Duty to pay in general.
Most Cited Cases
(Formerly 101k325)
The duty to pay wages to employees of closely
held garment manufacturing corporations was owed
by the corporations as employers, not by the prin-
cipals of the corporations as owners, officers or
managers.
[19] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
388
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk387 Monetary Relief; Damages
29Tk388 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Restitution to a victim of unfair competition
under the unfair competition law (UCL) requires
that the offending party must have obtained
something to which it was not entitled, and the vic-
tim must have given up something which he or she
was entitled to keep. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17203.
[20] Antitrust and Trade Regulation 29T
388
29T Antitrust and Trade Regulation
29TIII Statutory Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection
29TIII(E) Enforcement and Remedies
29TIII(E)7 Relief
29Tk387 Monetary Relief; Damages
29Tk388 k. In general. Most Cited
Cases
Restitution is available to a victim of unfair
competition under the unfair competition law
(UCL) where a defendant has wrongfully acquired
funds or property in which a plaintiff has an owner-
ship or vested interest. West's Ann.Cal.Bus. &
Prof.Code 17203.
**256 Department of Labor Standards Enforce-
ment, David Balter, Napa, for Plaintiff and Appel-
lant.
Corporate Counsel Law Group, John Chu, Beverly
Hills, for Defendants and Respondents.
Women's Employment Rights Clinic, Marci Seville,
Page 6
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HIVhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HIV%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HIV%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk168http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk170http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk170http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0385981801&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0300500501&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0300500501&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0385981801&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk388http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Tk387http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%297http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29TIIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=29Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=231Hk170http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk170http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hk168http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HIV%28A%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231HIVhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=231Hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1957http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1956http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VII%28E%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1644http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101k1643http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VI%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101VIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=101http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17203&FindType=L8/2/2019 Brad Street
8/22
Doris Ng, Hina B. Shah, San Francisco, Nira
Geevargis, for Intervener.
STEIN, J.*1444 These consolidated appeals are from a
judgment entered in favor of Anna Wong, Toha
Quan, and Jenny Wong, as the owners, officers, or
managers of several garment manufacturing corpor-
ations. The complaint filed by the California Labor
Commissioner (Commissioner or Labor Commis-
sioner), and a complaint in intervention filed by the
Chinese Progressive Association and two former
employees, alleged a variety of statutory and com-
mon law bases for holding defendants personally li-
able for numerous Labor Code violations arising
out of a period in 2001 when the businesses they
owned started to experience financial difficulty,
and the employees were either paid late, or not at
all. The complaint in intervention also alleged a
cause of action for violation of Business and Pro-
fessions Code section 17200, and sought an order
requiring defendants to personally pay the wages
owed by the corporations as restitution.
We shall affirm the judgment.
FACTS
Toha Quan and Anna Wong, husband and wife,
owned the capital stock, and served as corporate of-
ficers or directors, of three San Francisco garment
manufacturers, Wins of California (WCA), Wins
Fashion, and Win Industries of America
(collectively, Wins Corporations), all of which
were closely held corporations doing business since
the 1980's and early 1990's. Defendants were also
the managers and operators of these garment factor-
ies. Jenny Wong performed bookkeeping and
payroll work for the three corporations and served
on the board of directors of one or more of them.The management, manufacturing, and sales activit-
ies of the Wins Corporations were interrelated and
integrated.
**257 For several months in the summer of
2001, the Wins Corporations failed to meet
payrolls, and to pay suppliers and other expenses.
During this period, *1445 defendants told employ-
ees of the Wins Corporations that there was inad-
equate cash to meet the payroll, but that the em-
ployees would eventually be paid. Defendants is-
sued checks to some employees but told them they
could not yet be cashed, or issued only pay stubs
that defendants stated could be used to verify the
amounts owed when cash became available. De-
fendants encouraged the employees to continue
working without pay until the Wins Corporations
collected slow-paying accounts receivable and sta-
bilized their finances.
When employees began to complain about the
failure of the Wins Corporations to pay their wages,the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement
(DLSE) and the United States Department of Labor
(DOL) took action. The DOL filed suit in the
United States District Court against the Wins Cor-
porations and defendants in their personal capacity
seeking, among other things, injunctive relief that
resulted in the closing of the Wins Corporations,
and the seizure of assets and accounts receivables.
The DOL notified all customers that the Wins Cor-
porations had been closed down, and invoked a
lock-box procedure that required all customer
payments to go to the DOL. These actions made itimpossible for the Wins Corporations to consum-
mate a previously approved $1,000,000 bank loan,
forcing them to declare bankruptcy.FN1
In reliance
upon federal labor law that permits, in some cir-
cumstances, holding corporate principals personally
liable for wages not paid by the corporate employ-
er, the DOL obtained a stipulated judgment against
defendants for approximately $500,000.
FN1. The court found that, in the summer
of 2001, at the time of the DOL takeover,
the Wins Corporations had accounts re-
ceivable in the approximate amount of $1
million. As of the time of trial the DOL
had not accounted to the DLSE or to de-
fendants regarding collection of those ac-
counts.
Page 7
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0244173901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0353552701&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0264336901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000199&DocName=CABPS17200&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0264336901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0353552701&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0244173901&FindType=h8/2/2019 Brad Street
9/22
In the meantime, the Commissioner paid wage
claims of the Wins Corporations employees from
an account established pursuant to Labor Code sec-
tion 2675.5.FN2
A portion of the annual registra-
tion fee paid by garment manufacturers is deposited
in this account to ensure the payment of wages and
benefits to workers in the garment industry. Pursu-
ant to sections 98.3 and 1193.6, the Commissioner
then filed the instant lawsuit seeking to hold de-
fendants personally liable for unpaid wages owed to
the employees of the Wins Corporations.FN3
The
commissioner sought liquidated damages for un-
paid minimum wages and overtime ( 1194.2), un-
paid vacation pay ( 227.3) and penalties for bad
payroll checks ( 203.1). The Commissioner also
sought waiting time penalties for failure to paywages due at the time of termination ( 203) and
for failure to pay wages at the times specified in
section 204, and penalties *1446 pursuant to sec-
tion 210 that are recoverable in an action by the
Commissioner and payable to the state treasurer.
FN2. Further statutory references are to the
Labor Code unless otherwise noted.
FN3. The Commissioner and the individual
employees must reimburse the garment
fund with any wages recovered in thiscase. ( 2675.5, subd. (a).)
As the legal basis for imposing personal liabil-
ity on defendants, the Commissioner's original
complaint relied exclusively on a provision in the
Industrial Welfare Commission (IWC) wage order
applicable to the garment industry that defines
employer as: [A]ny person as defined in Section
18 of the Labor Code, who directly or indirectly, or
through an agent or **258 any other person, em-
ploys or exercises control over the wages, hours, or
working conditions of any person (Cal.CodeRegs., tit. 8, 11010, subd. 2(F) [hereafter the IWC
employer definition] ). The Commissioner alleged
that defendants employed or exercised control over
the wages, hours, and working conditions of the
Wins Corporations employees and therefore were
personally responsible for Labor Code violations
arising out of the failure of the corporation to pay
wages.
In February 2004, the Commissioner amended
the complaint to allege additional factual and legal
bases for imposing personal liability on defendants.
The Commissioner's amended complaint alleged
that defendants had so abused the corporate entity
and the limited liability it provides that they should
be deemed the alter egos of the Wins Corporations.
It further alleged that defendants were guarantors
for the wages not paid by Wins Corporations be-
cause they are persons as defined in section 2671,
and were deemed employers within the meaning
section 2677.
The Chinese Progressive Association and two
former employees, Yan Fang Mei and Li Qin Yang
Zhou, obtained the court's permission to file a com-
plaint in intervention, which they also later
amended. The two former employees alleged claims
for the same unpaid minimum wages, overtime, and
penalties sought by the Commissioner, and alleged
the same bases alleged in the Commissioner's
amended complaint for holding defendants person-
ally liable. In addition, the Chinese Progressive As-
sociation alleged violations of many of these same
Labor Code sections as predicate violations for acause of action pursuant to Business and Profes-
sions Code section 17200, also known as the Unfair
Competition Law (hereafter UCL). The UCL claim
sought restitution from defendants to the two
named former employees and all the other former
employees of the Wins Corporations, consisting of
the wages owed but not paid by the Wins Corpora-
tions.
The matter was tried to the court, and it issued
a tentative decision holding defendants personally
liable for $1 million in unpaid wages and vacationpay, and imposed statutory waiting time penalties
pursuant to section 203. It also held that the failure
to pay wages constituted an unfair business practice
under the UCL. Although it did not order payment
of wages as restitution, it *1447 did tentatively or-
der defendants to pay another $25,900 in penalties
Page 8
161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253, 155 Lab.Cas. P 60,607, 08 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4490, 2008 Daily Journ-
al D.A.R. 5474
(Cite as: 161 Cal.App.4th 1440, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 253)
2012 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2675.5&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS2675.5&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS98.3&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1193.6&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1194.2&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS1194.2&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS227.3&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS227.3&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203.1&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203.1&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CALBS203&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=FIPI1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000215&DocName=CARecommended