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7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc®
Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
Jbrmfmcn Fmsbihn
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
gg
Cbz 6772 - Hfg 6770
Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
Knpyrg`et©
6772-70 Jbrmfmcn Fmtnmgn J. Fmsbihn.
Sncns ns mnhbs cns prncutns kgtfcns sën hfrkfs rb`gstrfcfs cf Onrifmc Gmtbrmftgnmfi, Gmk.Nutrns prncutns kgtfcns sën hfrkfs rb`gstrfcfs mn rbspbktgvn kfobàfien
Fs værgfs Hfrkfs _b`gstrfcfs qub fpfrbkbh mn cbknrrbr cbstb igvrn. Hfgs cn qub sghpibshbmtb igstfr bssbs mnhbs b gmjnrhfr qubh pnssug sbus cgrbgtns cbbxpinrfàën, nu fgmcf ghprghgr n in`ntgpn cfs hbshfs, n futnr cbkifrf bstfr utgigzfmcn tfgs mnhbs fpbmfs pfrf jgms bcgtnrgfgs, bh obmbjèkgn bxkiusgvn cn cnmn chfrkf rb`gstrfcf, sbh gmtbmàën cb gmjrgm`gr fs rb`rfs cb suf utgigzfàën.
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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ggg
[RHÆ_GNCbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs g
GMS_NCRÀËN Cbipeg, knhn [niuàën pfrf Cbsbmvnivbcnrbs 0
KFQÈSRIN G
Knmkbgtn cb Qrn`rfhfàën Nrgbmtfcf f Nolbtn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nrgbmtfàën f Nolbtn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nolbkt Qfskfi Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
[èhonins Bspbkgfgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qfifvrfs _bsbrvfcfs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Mühbrns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knmstfmtbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Bxprbssòbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Gcbmtgjgkfcnrbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Cbkifrfàòbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Oinkns cb Qrnkbcghbmtns nu Jumàòbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Kfrfktbrèstgkfs cb Nolbtns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrn`rfhfmcn knh nolbtns Cbipeg Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. _bmnhbfmcn ns nolbtns b ns knhpnmbmtbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN GG
Knmebkbmcn n Cbipeg Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Bibhbmtns Zgsèvbgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Jnrh Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Kncb Bcgtnr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nolbkt Gmspbktnr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. [pbbcOfr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Bibhbmtns mën Zgsèvbgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hbmu Cbsg`mbr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Jgbics Bcgtnr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. _bpnsgtûrgn cb Nolbtns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Bstruturf cb Fpigkfàòbs knh n Cbipeg ?.1 Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Ghpibhbmtfàën bjbtgvf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Nolbtns Cftf Hncuib Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Cgkgnmærgn cb Cfcns Bskfiævbi Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Ebrcfmcn ns Jnrhuiærgns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Jbrrfhbmtfs Fuxgigfrbs cb [VI Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hnmgtnr [VI Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. [VI Bxpinrbr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. GmtbrOfsb MS - Ofmkn cb Cfcns _bifkgnmfi Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN GGG
Qrnlbtn Qgintn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
gv
Krgfmcn n Hncbin _bifkgnmfi Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Srfofiefmcn knh CftfOfsb Bm`gmb Knmjg`urftgnm Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn n Figfs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Srfofiefmcn knh CftfOfsb CbsdSnp Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn n Ofmkn cb Cfcns vgf Bstruturf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn ns _bifkgnmfhbmtns vgf Bstruturf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n Ofmkn cb Cfcns vgf [VI Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Nosbrvfàòbs cf utgigzfàën cn [VI knh n cOfsb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN GZ
Srfofiefmcn knh n Hbmu Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hbtbmcn f Hën mf Hfssf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn f lfmbif cn hbmu Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Gmsbrgmcn ns Kûcg`ns Gmgkgfgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Gmgkgfmcn ns knhfmcns cn Hbmu Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Kninkfmcn ns knhfmcns pfrf n Fuxèign Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn f lfmbif ’[norb n [gstbhf‘ Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn b fitbrfmcn ns nolbtns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Fssnkgfmcn n jnrh ’[norb n [gstbhf‘ fn hbmu Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn f lfmbif [pifse Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n fkbssn f Ofsb cb Cfcns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN Z
Lfmbif pfrf fs Sfobifs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. _bforgmcn n sbu Qrnlbtn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fitbrfmcn fs Lfmbifs Krgfcfs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. CftfHncuibs > Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Hncgjgkfmcn fs Sfobifs b fs Ig`fàòbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fitbrfmcn ns kfhpns cf tfobif Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Kncgjgkfmcn n CftfHncuib Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Knmtrnifmcn f cupigkfàën cns Kfhpns-Kefvb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Jgmfigzfmcn n CftfHncuib Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Fitbrfmcn n Jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hncgjgkfmcn ns Ifobis b Kfhpns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hncgjgkfmcn ns Qfgmbgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hncgjgkfmcn f Lfmbif Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n tbrkbgrn Qfgmbi Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Qrn`rfhfmcn mn jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrbsbrvfmcn fs ærbfs cb Hbhûrgf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn Jumàòbs @inofgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fitbrfmcn n Hbmu pfrf rbkbobr n jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN ZG
Srfofiefmcn knh lfmbif Qfg U Jgief Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn f lfmbif futnhftgkfhbmtb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. [norb ns CftfHncuibs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Srfofiefmcn knh fs Sfobifs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Srfofiefmcn knh ns Kfhpns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knmtrnifmcn n CftfHncuib Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knmtfcnrbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Zfigcfmcn ns Kfhpns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Fitbrfmcn f Lfmbif Krgfcf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
v
Nr`fmgzfmcn ns Qfmbis Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hncgjgkfmcn ns kfhpns b Ifobis Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nr`fmgzfmcn ns Qfmbis Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hncgjgkfmcn f Lfmbif Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Srfofiefmcn knh @rgc‗s Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Jgmfihbmtb, f prn`rfhfàën Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knmsuitf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Srfofiefmcn knh f ærbf cb Srfmsjbrìmkgf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Rtgigzfmcn n nolbtn NpbmCgfin` Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n jnrhuiærgn pfrf n kfcfstrn cfs hüsgkfs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn mnvns Qrnkbcghbmtns @inofgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Fitbrfmcn n Hbmu pfrf rbkbobr n jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN ZGG
Srfofiefmcn knh knmsuitfs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn knmsuitfs pfrf tfobifs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Srfofiefmcn knh @rgc‗s Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrn`rfhfmcn mn jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Bmvgfmcn b rbkbobmcn vfrgævbgs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fitbrfmcn n jnrhuiærgn jKftb` Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fitbrfmcn n jnrhuiærgn jOfsgkn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn knmsuitfs pfrf n kfcfstrn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Knmsuitfs [VI Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. _bfigzfmcn Knmsuitfs knh Jgitrns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n jnrhuiærgn @brbmtb cn Jgitrn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Bcgtfmcn ns rb`gstrns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN ZGGG
_biftûrgns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Srfofiefmcn knh n _bpnrt[hgte Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn rbiftûrgn knh n _bpnrt[hgte Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nr`fmgzfmcn ns kfhpns cn rbiftûrgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fssnkgfmcn n rbiftûrgn fn fpigkftgvn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Ghprghgmcn ftrfvçs cn Jnrhuiærgn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn n Kûcg`n Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Srfofiefmcn knh n Vugkd_bpnrt Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN GU
Huitghècgf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. N qub ç huitghècgf > Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Cbipeg fmc Huitghbcgf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Kninkfmcn fs prnprgbcfcb bh hncn _umtghb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qbsqugsfmcn vfrgævbgs bh hncn _umSghb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Gmsbrgmcn n huitghècgf pfrf n [gstbhf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Cbsbmvnivghbmtn cn KC Qifybr Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
KFQÈSRIN U
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
vg
Mnvns Knhpnmbmtbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn Knhpnmbmtbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
F Kifssb SKnhpnmbmt Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Rh Knhpnmbmtb [ghpibs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Fcgkgnmfmcn n Knhpnmbmtb f Qfiebtf Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Krgfmcn Qrnprgbcfcbs Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Hçtncns cb Fkbssn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Krgfmcn mnvns tgpns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Qbmsfmcn bh Nolbtns Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
Knmstrugmcn uh Nolbtn Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc. Jgmfihbmtb Brrnr! Onndhfrd mnt cbjgmbc.
FQÌMCGKB FCnkuhbmtfàën 6:7Efrcwfrb/[njtwfrb rbqubrgcns 6:7
FQÌMCGKB OKnmvbrsën cb Kfhpns 601
Sgpns cb Cfcns pfrf n GmtbrOfsb 606
FQÌMCGKB KFpigkfàën ræpgcf knh n Nolbtn Vubry 60?
FQÌMCGKB CGhprghgmcn uh Jnrhuiærgn 603
FQÌMCGKB BSrfofiefmcn knh Hæskfrfs 60:
FQÌMCGKB JSrfofiefmcn knh Ghpnrtfàën b Bxpnrtfàën 605
FQÌMCGKB @Cnzb hbienrbs cgkfs pfrf n Cbipeg 656
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0
Gmtrncuàën
Obh-vgmcn fn Cbipeg, n hfgs mnvn prncutn cb fitf pbrjnrhfmkb cf Onrifmc . Cbipeg ç uh prncutn ümgkn bh suf kftb`nrgf knhogmfmcn kûcg`ns tntfihbmtb knhpgiævbgs, jbrrfhbmtfs vgsufgsb tbkmnin`gf pfrf f knhpnsgàën cb ofsbs cb cfcns bskfiævbgs, pnssug jfkgigcfcbs pfrf uh ræpgcn
cbsbmvnivghbmtn bh piftfjnrhf Pgmcnws© b fpigkfàòbs Kigbmt/[brvbr .
Bstb trfofien sbræ sbu `ugf pfrf uhf ræpgcf fprbmcgzf`bh mn cbsbmvnivghbmtn cbsgstbhfs qub `brbmkgb ofmkns cb cfcns. N Cbipeg ç bmknmtrfcn bh cngs prncutns<
Cbipeg Kig bmt/[brvbr , cb fitf pbrjnrhfmkb b jfkgigcfcb pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cbfpigkfàòbs b supnrtb f ofmkns cb cfcns cn tgpn Kigbmtb/[brvgcnr.
Cbipeg Cbsdtnp , cb fitf pbrjnrhfmkb b jfkgigcfcb pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb fpigkfàòbs b
supnrtb f ofmkns cb cfcns inkfgs, pbrhgtgmcn tntfi pnrtfogigcfcb á vbrsën Kigbmt/[brvbr.
Fprbsbmtn-iebs f sb`ugr fi`uhfs gmjnrhfàòbs cbtfiefcfs pfrf uh pbrjbgtncbsbmvnivghbmtn vgsufi, sbmcn qub fn jgmfi cb kfcf kfpètuin prætgkn ç bxgogcn n kûcg`n jnmtbknhpibtn sb`ugcn cb uh rbsuhn cns prgmkgpfgs knhfmcns hnstrfcns. Fn jgmfi cbstb bstucn vnkìbmknmtrfræ fpìmcgkbs qub ieb flucfrën f rbsnivbr pbqubmns prnoibhfs cn cgf-f-cgf.
Cbipeg , knhn [niuàën pfrf Cbsbmvnivbcnrbs
Hugtfs vbzbs mns pbr`umtfhns, b snhns qubstgnmfcns, mn pnrqub cb fcntfr n Cbipeg
knhn f igm`uf`bh pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb sgstbhfs > Gmgkgfihbmtb, ç mbkbssærgn knmebkbr qubn Cbipeg njbrbkb uh ræpgcn kfhgmen pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb fpigkfàòbs mns fhogbmtbs<
Pgmcnws©, Pgmcnws 72© b Pgmcnws MS©4
Ofmkns cb cfcns cn tgpn Kigbmtb/[brvgcnr< Nrfkib©, Gmjnrhgx©, GmtbrOfsb, [yOfsb© b
Hgkrnsnjt [VI [brvbr ©4
Fitf pbrjnrhfmkb, bh sgstbhfs krètgkns4
Ofsb cb Cfcns inkfgs b fpigkfàòbs cn tgpn mbtwnrd4
Fhogbmtb `ræjgkn, vgsufi b huitghècgf.
Hfs n qub ç pnssèvbi jfzbr knh bib > Ç pnssèvbi krgfr, cbmtrb nutrns, ns sb`ugmtbs tgpns cbfpigkfàòbs bh Cbipeg <
Rsæ-in knhn f igm`uf`bh cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn pfrf ofmkns cn tgpn Kigbmtb/[brvgcnr4
Fhogbmtb ebtbrn`ìmbn pfrf kfpturf b bmvgn cb gmjnrhfàòbs bh cgvbrsns tgpns cb frqugvnscb cfcns4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
5
Rh pfkntb knrpnrftgvn cb fpigkfàòbs gmtbig`bmtbs b gmtbrprbtfcnrbs cb cfcns.Gmknrpnrfmcn CII‗s b BUB‗s bxtbrmns4
Qfkntbs huitghècgf knh cbsbmen b fmghfàën4
@bmçrgkns utgigtærgns cn Pgmcnws©4
Krgfàën cb ogoigntbkfs (CII) pfrf ibgturf pnr nutrfs fpigkfàòbs.
Hfs pnrqub frrgskfr bh uh fhogbmtb mnvn qufmcn bxgstb mn hbrkfcn igm`uf`bms hfgscgjumcgcfs > Mn humcn gmtbgrn Cbipeg jng tbstfcn, b bh 62 hbsbs cb vgcf prncuzgu ns sb`ugmtbsrbsuitfcns<
Cbipeg bstæ sbmcn utgigzfcn mn hnhbmtn pnr hfgs cb 6.211 iu`frbs gmkiugmcn fs hfgnrbsknrpnrfàòbs, knmsuitnrbs b nr`fmgzfàòbs cb trbgmfhbmtn4
Bibgtn pbif Oytb Hf`fzgmbs knhn Obst nj Knhcbx Fwfrc4
Zærgns igvrns bskrgtns4
@rupns cb cgskussën b pbrgûcgkns knh cgkfs cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn mf PnricPgob(Knmsuitb ás igstfs cf GmtbrMbt ftrfvçs cf pfifvrf CBIQEG )4
Cbzbmfs cb ogoigntbkfs b jbrrfhbmtfs pfrf n supnrtb bh Cbipeg4
Cbzbmfs cb frtg`ns bh puoigkfàòbs cn humcn gmtbgrn, tfgs knhn QK Pbbd, GmjnPnric,Knhputbr _bsbiibr Mbws, QK Hf`fzgmb, Pgmcnws [nurkbs b hugtfs nutrfs.
Qnr tucn fqug bxpnstn jgkf kifrn qub bstb mn prncutn cbhnmstrf uhf gmnvfàën pfrf uhfkrgfàën bh fitf pbrjnrhfmkb cb fpigkfàòbs. Sncns ns rbkursns qub vnkì prbkgsfræ pfrf ncbsbmvnivghbmtn cb sbus prncutns bstën f`nrf cgspnmèvbgs.
Jbigz cbsbmvnivghbmtn.
Jbrmfmcn Fmtnmgn J. Fmsbihn
[bhprb qub vnkì inkfigzfr bstb sèhonin sg`mgjgkf qub bxgstb uhf mntf qub ieb flucfræbh kfsn cb cüvgcf.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
7
Kfpètuin G
Knmkbgtn cb Qrn`rfhfàën Nrgbmtfcf f Nolbtn
Qfrf knhprbbmcbrhns hbienr f mnvn fhogbmtb cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn cf Onrifmc n Cbipegç mbkbssærgn qub vnkì, fprbmcf b, tbmef bh hbmtb ns knmkbgtns cb QNN (Qrn`rfhfàën Nrgbmtfcf fNolbtns), mën knmjumcf ns knmkbgtns knh QNB (Qrn`rfhfàën Nrgbmtfcf f Bvbmtns) hugtn
cgjumcgcn knh n Fkkbss ?.1 © (uh fhogbmtb ofsbfcn bh Nolbtns), hfs fn inm`n cbstb kfpètuinvnkì vfg mntfr fs sbmsèvbgs cgjbrbmàfs qub bxgstbh bmtrb bssbs cngs knmkbgtns.
F QNN b f QNB sën jfkgihbmtb knmjumcgcfs, hfs ibhorb-sb f QNN knmtçh f QNB hfs fQNB mën knmtçh f QNN, uh nolbtn pncb bxgstgr hbshn qub mën bxgstf mbmeuh bvbmtn fssnkgfcnf bib, hfs uh bvbmtn mën pncb bxgstgr sb mën enuvbr uh nolbtn f bib fssnkgfcn. Nutrf
kfrfktbrèstgkf qub pncb kfusfr knmjusën sën fhogbmtbs Nrgbmtfcns f Nolbtns b fhogbmtbsOfsbfcns bh Nolbtns. Bh fhogbmtb Nrgbmtfcn f Nolbtns knmsb`ub-sb krgfr b hfmgpuifr nolbtnsbmqufmtn qub n Ofsbfcn bh Nolbtns mën ç pnssgvbi f krgfàën cb nolbtns fpbmfs f sufhfmgpuifàën.
F QNN ç uh knmkbgtn cbsbmvnivgcn pfrf jfkgigtfr n usn cb kûcg`ns cb cbsbmvnivghbmtnbh gmtbrjfkbs `ræjgkfs. [bmcn f Onrifmc , uhf cfs prghbgrfs f bmtrfr mbstb mnvn knmkbgtn, pnssugsufs prgmkgpfgs igm`uf`bms cb prn`rfhfàën (tfgs knhn Nolbkt Qfskfi b K++), tntfihbmtb vnitfcfs pfrf bstb tgpn cb prn`rfhfàën. F QNN ftrfgu hugtns fcbptns prgmkgpfihbmtb pbin pnukn usn cbkûcg`n qub n prnlbtn (cgjbrbmtb cb sgstbhf) kfrrb`f mn prn`rfhf jnmtb, fn knmtrærgn cfs
igm`uf`bms hfgs fmtg`fs knhn n Kigppbr‗50 © hugtn utgigzfcn mn jgmfi cf cçkfcf cb 71 b gmèkgn cfcçkfcf cb 71. N rbsuitfcn cbstf ’ighpbzf‘ mn kûcg`n rbsuitf qub f hfmutbmàën cn prnlbtn tnrmf-
sb hugtn hfgs sghpibs.
Nrgbmtfàën f Nolbtn
Fmtbs cb knhbàfrhns f jfifr rbfihbmtb cb igm`uf`bh nrgbmtfcf f nolbtns b mbkbssærgnqub vnkì pnssuf ns knmkbgtns oæsgkns cf nrgbmtfàën f nolbtns, sën bibs<
Nolbtn - ç qufiqubr bstruturf hncuifr qub jfz pfrtb cb uh prncutn.Rhf lfmbif pnr bxbhpin, ç uh nolbtn cb uhf kfsf, cb uh kfrrn nu cb
uh snjtwfrb knh gmtbrjfkb `ræjgkf pfrf n usuærgn.Ftrgoutns - [ën fs kfrfktbrèstgkfs cn nolbtn, knhn knr b tfhfmen, f lfmbif, pnr bxbhpin, tbh ftrgoutns knhn n hncbin, tfhfmen, fobrturfsghpibs nu cupif, bmtrb nutrns.
Bmkfpsuifàën - ç uh hbkfmgshn gmtbrmn cn nolbtn ’bsknmcgcn‘ cnusuærgn. Rhf pbssnf pncb forgr uhf lfmbif `grfmcn f trfmkf sbh prbkgsfr sfobr n qub eæcbmtrn cbif.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
61
Fàën - ç f npbrfàën bjbtufcf pbin nolbtn. Sncfs fs lfmbifs, pnr bxbhpin, knmtrnifh fgiuhgmfàën b tbhpbrfturf fhogbmtb, cbpbmcbmcn cn sbu cbsg`m.
Ebrfmàf - uh nolbtn mnvn mbh sbhprb ç krgfcn cn zbrn. Bib pncb ’ebrcfr‘ ftrgoutns b fàòbscb nutrns læ bxgstbmtbs. Rh ofskuifmtb ebrcf ftrgoutns cfs lfmbifs b cfs pbrsgfmfs.
Qnighnrjgshn - ç f kfpfkgcfcb cb nolbtns cgjbrbmtbs rbf`grbh sb`umcn f suf jumàën f uhfnrcbh pfcrën. N knhfmcn ’forb‘, pnr bxbhpin, jfz uh nolbtn bmtrfr bh fàën, sblf bibuhf lfmbif, uhf pnrtf nu uhf tfhpf cb `frrfjf.
Ig`fàën - ç qufmcn uh nolbtn knmbktf f suf fàën f nutrn. Rh sbmsnr cb kifrgcfcb, pnrbxbhpin, ftgvf n fkbmcghbmtn futnhætgkn cf giuhgmfàën cb ruf.
Bhoutghbmtn - Qbrhgtb f uh nolbtn gmknrpnrfr jumàòbs cb nutrns, knhn uh igqùgcgjgkfcnrqub hûg kfrmb knh f hucfmàf cn tgpn cf iïhgmf.
Nolbkt Qfskfi
Nolbkt Qfskfi ç uhf igm`uf`bh Nrgbmtfcf f Nolbtns mën purf hfs eèorgcf pnr pnssugrkfrfktbrèstgkfs cb prn`rfhfàën mën sû vgsufi hfs tfhoçh bskrgtf, pfrf ns prn`rfhfcnrbs qub læknmebkbh tçkmgkfs cb bstruturfs cb prn`rfhfàën, knh n K , Ofsgk, Qfskfi nu x OF[B bmtrb nutrfsigm`uf`bms f Nolbkt Qfskfi prnvgcìmkgf uhf hg`rfàën cb jnrhf mfturfi njbrbkbmcn uh prncutncb hfgnr knhpibxgogigcfcb. Nolbkt Qfskfi jnràf f vnkì bxbkutfr pfssns iû`gkns gstn tnrmf hfgs
jækgi n cbsbmvnivghbmtn mn fhogbmtb Pgmcnws© cb fpigkfàòbs igvrbs nu qub utgigzfh ofmkn cbcfcns cn tgpn Kigbmtb/[brvgcnr , trfofief knh n usn cb pnmtbgrns pfrf f finkfàën cb hbhûrgf btncn n pncbr cb uh kûcg`n tntfihbmtb knhpgiævbi. Fiçh cgssn pnssgogigtf f krgfàën b rbutgigzfàën(vfmtf`bh cb rb-usn tën snmefcn knh f Nrgbmtfàën f Nolbtns) cb nolbtns b ogoigntbkfscgmïhgkfs ( Cymfhgk Igmd Igorfrgbs - CII).
Nolbkt Qfskfi knmtçh tncn n knmkbgtn cf nrgbmtfàën f nolbtns gmkiugmcn bmkfpsuifhbmtn,ebrfmàf b pnighnrjgshn. Fi`uhfs bxtbmsòbs jnrfh gmkiuècfs pfrf jfkgigtfr n usn tfgs knhnknmkbgtns cb prnprgbcfcbs, pfrtgkuifrbs b püoigkfs, b tgpns cb gmjnrhfàòbs bh hncn rum-tghb,hfmusbfhbmtn cb bxkbàòbs, b rbjbrìmkgfs cb kifssbs. N rbsuitfcn cb tncf bstf lumàën jfz knh qubNolbkt Qfskfi knmsg`f supnrtfr fs jfkgigcfcbs cb uh ofgxn mèvbi cb prn`rfhfàën, tfgs knhn<
Knmtrnib b fkbssn cfs suokifssbs cn Pgmcnws© (FQG)4
Qfssfr pnr kghf cfs hbmsf`bms cb innp cn Pgmcnws©4
Hbmsf`bms sbhbiefmtbs fs cn Pgmcnws©4
Kûcg`n purn cf igm`uf`bh Fssbhoibr .Knhn cbu pfrf pbrkbobr f ofsb cb tncf f prn`rfhfàën Cbipeg ç f igm`uf`bh Nolbkt
Qfskfi , bmtën mbstb kfpètuin trftfrbhns bxkiusgvfhbmtb cbstb tgpn cb prn`rfhfàën.
[èhonins Bspbkgfgs
F Nolbkt Qfskfi fkbgtf ns sb`ugmtbs kfrfktbrbs F[KGG<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
66
Ibtrfs - cn Fijfobtn Gm`iìs< F ftç \ b f ftç z.
Cè`gtns - Cbkghfi< 1 ftç 7 b EbxfCbkghfi< 1 ftç 7 b F ftç J (nu f ftç j )
Orfmkns - Bspfàn (F[KGG ;?) b tncns ns kfrfktbrbs cb knmtrnib F[KGG (F[KGG 1 ftçF[KGG ;6), gmkiugmcn jgmfi cb igmef b Bmtbr (F[KGG 6;).
Bspbkgfgs - Kfrfktbrbs< + - * / 8 9 = T X . , ( ) < 4 ] A { } $ #
[èhonins - Kfrfktbrbs< 98 =8 <8 .. (* *) (. .) //
N knikebtbs bsqubrcn ( T ) b bqugvfibmtb fn (. b n knikebtbs cgrbgtn ( X ) b bqugvfibmtb f.). F kefvb bsqubrcf ( { ) b bqugvfibmtb fn (* b f kefvb cgrbgtf ( } ) b bqugvfibmtb f *).
Qfifvrfs _bsbrvfcfs
F Nolbkt Qfskfi sb utgigzf cfs sb`ugmtbs pfifvrfs rbsbrvfcfs, mën pncbmcn fs hbshfssbrbh utgigzfcfs nu rbcbjgmgcfs<
Fmc Bxpnrts Igorfry [bt
Frrfy Jgib Hnc [ei
Fs Jgmmfiy Mgi [er
Fsh Jnr Mnt [trgm`
Ob`gm Jumktgnm Nolbkt Sebm
Kfsb @ntn Nj Sn
Kifss Gj Nm Sry
Knmst Ghpibhbmtftgnm Nr Sypb
Knmstruktnr Gm Qfkdbc Rmgt
Cbstruktnr Gmebrgtbc Qrnkbcurb Rmtgi
Cgv Gmgtgfigzftgnm Qrn`rfh Rsbs
Cn Gmigmb Qrnpbrty ZfrCnwmtn Gmtbrjfkb _fgsb Pegib
Bisb Gs _bknrc Pgte
Bmc Ifobi _bpbft Unr
Bxkbpt
Rhf nutrf igstf f sb`ugr, fprbsbmtf fs cgrbtgvfs qub sën utgigzfcfs bh knmtbxtns cbgcbmtgjgkfàën cb nolbtns<
Fosniutb Bxpnrt Mfhb Quoigsebc
Fostrfkt Bxtbrmfi Mbfr _bfc
Fssbhoibr Jfr Mncbjfuit _bsgcbmt
Ft Jnrwfrc Nvbrrgcb [tnrbc
Kcbki Gmcbx Qrgvftb Zgrtufi
Cbjfuit Gmtbrrupt Qrntbktbc Prgtb
Cymfhgk Hbssf`b Quoigk
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?
Mühbrns
Ç pnssèvbi cbjgmgr vfrgævbgs b knmstfmtbs cb tgpns cb Gmtbgrn nu _bfi ftrfvçs cb qufiqubrcbkghfi nrcgmærgn ( 1 f 7 ), hfs f Nolbkt Qfskfi tfhoçh fkbgtf f mntfàën Ebxfcbkghfi utgigzfcnsknh n prbjgxn cniifr ( $ ) nu f mntfàën kgbmtèjgkf ( B ).
Knmstfmtbs
Rhf knmstfmtb ç uh gcbmtgjgkfcnr knh vfinr(bs) jgxn(s). Rh oinkn cb cbkifrfàòbsknmstfmtb pnssug f sb`ugmtb bxprbssën<
TCbkifrfàën KnmstfmtbX TGcbmtgjgkfcnrX (8) TknmstfmtbX (4)
F igstf fofgxn fprbsbmtf uh knmlumtn cb jumàòbs qub pncbh sbr utgigzfcfs pfrf fcbkifrfàën cfs knmstfmtbs<
Fo Ibm`te Nrc [gzbNj
Ker In Qrbc [ukk
Eg Inw Qtr [wfp
Eg`e Ncc _numc Srumk
Fi`ums bxbhpins pfrf f cbjgmgàën cb Knmstfmtbs<
knmst Hgm 8 14Hfx 8 6114Kbmtrn 8 (Hfx - Hgm) cgv ?4Obtf 8 Ker(??2)4
MuhIbtrfs 8 Nrc('\') - Nrc('F') + 64HbmsNif 8 'Gmstruàën gmvæigcf'4HbmsBrrn 8 ' Brrn< ' + HbmsNif + '. '4
QnsBrr 8 51 - Ibm`te(HbmsBrrn) cgv ?4Im61 8 ?.;1?25217?773132:534Im61_ 8 6 / Im614Cg`Muhbrgkns 8 T'1'..'7'X4IbtrfsFipef 8 T'F'..'\', 'f'..'z'X4FipefMuh 8 IbtrfsFipef + Cg`Muhbrgkns4
Bxprbssòbs
Fs bxprbssòbs bh Nolbkt Qfskfi (knhn bh qufiqubr igm`uf`bh) ç jnrhfcf pnrnpbrfcnrbs b npbrfmcns4 ns npbrfcnrbs sën cgvgcgcns bh quftrn kftb`nrgfs oæsgkfs<
Ümgkns A, Mnt
Huitgpigkftgvns =, /, cgv, hnc, fmc, sei, ser, fs
Fcgkgnmfgs +, -, nr, xnr
_bifkgnmfgs 8, 9 =, 9, =, 9 8, = 8, gm, gs
Fs bxprbssòbs nocbkbh fs rb`rfs oæsgkfs cb iû`gkf pfrf f prbkbcìmkgf cf bxbkuàën cfsnpbrfàòbs.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;
Gcbmtgjgkfcnrbs
Gcbmtgjgkfcnrbs pncbh sbr knmstfmtbs, tgpns, vfrgævbgs, prnkbcurbs, jumàòbs, umgcfcbs, prn`rfhfs b kfhpns cb rb`gstrns.
Mën bxgstb ighgtb cb kfrfktbrbs pfrf n mnhb cb uh gcbmtgjgkfcnr hfs fpbmfs ns :; prghbgrns kfrfktbrbs sën sg`mgjgkfmtbs (mën pncbmcn sbr gcìmtgkn fn mnhb cfs pfifvrfsrbsbrvfcfs). N mnhb cb uh gcbmtgjgkfcnr cbvb sbr gmgkgfcn pnr Ibtrfs nu n kfræktbr umcbrsknrb ( ^). N rbstn ç jnrhfcn pnr Ibtrfs, Cè`gtns, kfræktbr umcbrsknrb (F[KGG $2J). Mën ç pbrhgtgcn futgigzfàën cb bspfàns pfrf f jnrhfàën cn mnhb.
Bxbhpin cb gcbmtgjgkfcnrbs væigcns< Jnrh6, [ysRtgis.[trIbm, Ifobi6.Kfptgnm
wgte... cn...4
Cbighgtf uh cbtbrhgmfcn oinkn cb cbkifrfàòbs pfrf uh gcbmtgjgkfcnr bspbkèjgkn bvgtfmcn f cbkifrfàën cbstbgcbmtgjgkfcnr. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< PGSE {mnhb cn gcbmtgjgkfcnr} CN {knhfmcns}4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }wgte jnrh6 cn ob`gm
Kfptgnm <8 ―Sbstb‗4 Bqugvfibmtb f Jnrh6.KfptgnmOnrcbr[tyib <8 os[gzfoib4 Bqugvfibmtb f Jnrh6.Onrcbr[tyib
bmc4bmc4
frrfy T ... X nj ...4
Cbjgmb uh knmlumtn cb vfrgævbgs nu knmstfmtbs cb uh hbshn tgpn. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< frrfyT{qufmtgcfcb cb nknrrbmkgfs}X nj {Sgpn}4. Ns frrfys sën knmtrnifcns pnr trìs jumàòbs<
Jumàën Zfinr cb _btnrmn
Inw Qrghbgrn bibhbmtn
Eg`e Fpnmtf pfrf n üitghn bibhbmtn
[gzbNj Sfhfmen cn frrfy
Bx<
knmstt< frrfy T6..21X nj Kefr { Cbkifrf 21 bibhbmtns pfrf n tgpn Kefr }
vfrs < frrfyT6..611X nj _bfi { Cbkifrf 611 bibhbmtns pfrf n tgpn rbfi }gmc< Gmtb`br4
ob`gmjnr Gmc <8 Inw(s) tn Eg`e(s) cn sTGmcX <8 14 { \brf ns bibhbmtns cn frrfy [ }gj [gzbNj (t) 8 ―K‗ tebm bxgt4 { [b n üitghn bibhbmtn cn frrfy S jnr ―K‗ sfg cn oinkn } { ... nutrns knhfmcns... }
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
63
Cbkifrfàòbs
Cbkifrfàòbs cbskrbvbh fàòbs cb uh fi`nrèthn f sbrbh bxbkutfcfs.
ob`gm... bmc4
Qrbmcb uh knmlumtn cb cbkifrfàòbs bh uh oinkn cb knhfmcns cbtbrhgmfcn. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç<OB@GM {knhfmcns} BMC4. Bx<
ob`gm { ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }ob`gm
{ ... oinkn 6 ... }bmc4ob`gm
{ ... oinkn ? ... }bmc4{ ... knhfmcns jgmfgs ... }
bmc4
gj... tebm... bisb...4
Bstf bxprbssën bsknieb bmtrb n rbsuitfcn cb uhf knmcgàën onnibfmf n kfhgmen vbrcfcbgrn (tebm) nu jfisn(bisb). F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< GJ {knmcgàën} SEBM {oinkn cb knhfmcns} BI[B {oinkn cbknhfmcns}4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }gj x = ? tebm
{ ... Oinkn vbrcfcbgrn ... }bisb
{ ... Oinkn jfisn ... }4 bmc4
`ntn... 4
Srfmsjbrb f bxbkuàën cb uh prn`rfhf pfrf n pnmtn cbtbrhgmfcn pbin Ifobi. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç<@NSN {Ifobi}4. Bx<
ifobi prghbgrn4
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }gj x 8 ? tebm
`ntn prghbgrn4 { ... nutrns knhfmcns ... }Qrghbgrn<
{ ... knhfmcns cn Qrghbgrn ... }bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
62
kfsb... nj... bisb... bmc4
Knmsgstb cb uhf igstf cb cbkifrfàòbs qub sftgzjfz f knmcgàën cb uh sbibtnr cb bxprbssòbs, sb mbmeuhf pfrtbcf igstf sftgsjgzbr fn sbibtnr bxbkutf ns knhfmcns cn suo-knhfmcn bisb. Qfrf n sbibtnr sbrën væigcns nstgpns cbjgmgcns, tgpn Gmtbgrns nu Inm`Gmt. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< KF[B {sbibtnr} NJ {Bxprbssën 6}<{knhfmcn cf bxprbssën 6}4 {Bxprbssën ?}< {knhfmcn cf bxprbssën ?}4 {Bxprbssën m}< {knhfmcn
cf bxprbssën m} BI[B {knhfmcn}4 bmc4. Bx< ob`gm
{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }kfsb x nj
6< { ... Oinkn pfrf x 8 6 ... }?, ;< { ... Oinkn pfrf x 8 ? nu U 8 ;... }3..:< { ... Oinkn pfrf 3 98 x 98 : ... }
bisb{ ... Oinkn pfrf x 9 6 nu x = : ... }4
bmc4bmc4
rbpbft... umtgi4_bpbtb uh cbtbrhgmfcn oinkn cb cbkifrfàòbs ftç f knmcgàën onnibfmf cn suoknhfmcn umtgi sbr sftgsjbgtf. F
sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< _BQBFS {knhfmcns}4 umtgi {knmcgàën}4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }x <8 14rbpbft
x <8 x + 6umtgi (x 8 ?)4
bmc4
jnr... tn (cnwmtn)... cn...4Gmkrbhbmtf bh 6 uhf cbtbrhgmfcf vfrgævbi gmtbgrf, rbpbtgmcn uh oinkn cb knhfmcns, ftç qub bstf ftgmlf n
vfinr jgmfi cn gmtbrvfin, n suoknhfmcn cnwmtn rbfigzf n gmkrbhbmtn rbvbrsn. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç<JN_ {vfrgfvbi} <8 {vfinr gmgkgfi} tn (cnwmtn) {vfinr jgmfi} cn {oinkn cb knhfmcns}4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }jnr g <8 6 tn 61 cn Bxbkutf n Tknhfmcns FX pfrf g 8 6,?,;,3,2,:,0,5,7 b 61
{ ... Knhfmcns F ... }jnr s <8 61 cnwmtn 6 cn Bxbkutf n Tknhfmcns OX pfrf g 8 61,7,5,0,:,2,3,;,? b 6
{ ... Knhfmcns O... }bmc4
wegib... cn...4
_bpbtb uh oinkn cb knhfmcns bmqufmtn qub cbtbrhgmfcf knmcgàën onnibfmf sblf sftgsjbgtf. F sgmtfxb cnknhfmcn ç< PEGIB {knmcgàën} CN {oinkn cb knhfmcns}4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:
wegib g <8 6 cn _bpbtb n TOinkn cb knhfmcnsX bmqufmtn g 8 6{ ... Oinkn cb knhfmcns ... }
bmc4
orbfd4 nu knmtgmub...4
N knhfmcn orbfd gmtbrrnhpb uh oinkn cb rbpbtgàën jnr, wegib nu rbpbft sfgmcn cn oinkn. F sgmtfxb cnknhfmcn ç< O_BFD4 bmqufmtn qub n knhfmcn knmtgmub rbtnrmf f prghbgrf gmstruàën cn oinkn cbrbpbtgàën jnr, wegib nu rbpbft. F sgmtfxb cn knhfmcn ç< KNMSGMRB4. Bx<
ob`gm{ ... knhfmcns gmgkgfgs ... }jnr g <8 6 tn 61 cn
ob`gmgj g 8 5 tebm
orbfd4 [fitf pfrf ns Tknhfmcns KX{... knhfmcns F...}gj g 8 2 tebm
knmtgmub4 _btnrmf pfrf n knhfmcn jnr puifmcn ns Tknhfmcns OX{... knhfmcns O ...}
bmc4{... knhfmcns K ...}
bmc4
Oinkns cb Qrnkbcghbmtns nu Jumàòbs
Fs prnkbcurbs nu jumàòbs sën cbkifrfcfs mf sbàën cb tgpns cb cbkifrfàòbs (fofgxn cnknhfmcn typb) pbrtbmkbmcn fn nolbtn nu sbrbh cn tgpn puoigk (püoigkfs - bxbkutfcfs pnr nutrfsumgcfcbs) nu prgvftb (pfrtgkuifrbs - rbstrgtfs f umgcfcb inkfi).
Qrnkbcurbprnkbcurb {kfobàfien}4 vfr {cbkifrfàën cfs vfrgævbgs}4 {oinkn cb knhfmcns}4
N kfobàfien cf prnkbcurb ç knhpnstn pbin mnhb cn prnkbcghbmtn b vfrgævbgs qub sbrënrbkbogcfs (nu hncgjgkfcfs ftrfvçs cf cbkifrfàën vfr, bx< prnkbcurb tbstb(vfr x<strgm`)4).
prnkbcurb snhf(f,o< gmtb`br)4 Gmèkgn bmvgfmcn fs vfrgævbgs F b O cn tgpn gmtbgrn.vfr Cbkifrfàën cb vfrgævbgs inkfgs.
k< gmtb`br4 ob`gm Knrpn cn prnkbcghbmtn.
k <8 f + o4bmc4
Jumktgnm
jumktgnm {kfobàfien} < {rbsuitfcn}4 vfr {cbkifrfàën cfs vfrgævbgs}4 {oinkn cb knhfmcns}4
Fs jumàòbs sb cgjbrbh cns prnkbcghbmtns pbif norg`ftnrgbcfcb cn rbtnrmn cb uhrbsuitfcn, pncbmcn bstb rbsuitfcn sbr rbtnrmfcn pbif cbkifàën< {mnhb cf jumàën} <8 vfinr nurbsuit <8 vfinr.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
60
jumktgnm snhf(f,o< gmtb`br) < gmtb`br4 Gmèkgn bmvgfmcn fs vfrgævbgs F b O cn tgpn gmtbgrn. ob`gm Knrpn cn prnkbcghbmtn.
snhf <8 f + o4 nu rbsuit <8 f + o4bmc4
Lumtn knh n Cbipeg ?.1 vbh n hfmufi cb Nolbkt Qfskfi bh jnrhftn .EIQ, kfsn figm`uf`bh sblf mnvgcfcb pfrf vnkì fknmsbien qub vnkì cì uhf onf niefcf (n Cbipeg 6.1 trfz nhbshn hfmufi, hfs bh jnrhftn .QCJ), hfs mën sb prbnkupb knh n qub jng bxpigkfcn fkghf læbstæ hfgs cn qub sujgkgbmtb pfrf uhf onf gmgkgfigzfàën knh n Cbipeg.
Sucn n qub vghns f kghf ç n qub mnrhfihbmtb tbhns bh nutrfs igm`uf`bms knhums, hfsn kfrfktbrgzf rbfihbmtb f igm`uf`bh Nrgbmtfcf bh Nolbtns ç n trfofien b f hfmgpuifàën knh nshbshns.
Kfrfktbrèstgkfs cb NolbtnsHfs fjgmfi cb knmtfs, n qub ç uh nolbtn > Knhn jng cgtn fmtbrgnrhbmtb, uh nolbtn ç
qufiqubr tgpn cb bibhbmtn, nu knhpnmbmtb, qub bmvnivf cfcns b kûcg`n cbmtrn cb uh ümgkn pfkntb.
Rhf vfmtf`bh cb prn`rfhfr mf QNN b qufmtn f Ebrfmàf cns nolbtns, bstb hçtncn jfzknh qub sblf pnssèvbi uh nolbtn ―Jgien‗ pncbr ebrcfr tncfs fs kfrfktbrèstgkfs b knmtbücns cb uhnolbtn ―Qfg‗. Sgrfmcn uh pnukn cn Qfskfi cf `bifcbgrf (f pfrtgr cn Qfskfi vbrsën 0.1 f Onrifmc tnrmnu pnssèvbi f utgigzfàën sghpigjgkfcf cb tncn n knmkbgtn cb QNN) fqug vfg uh kûcg`nknhpibtn cb cbkifrfàën cb cngs nolbtns, n prghbgrn kefhfcn cb SQfg b n sb`umcn cb Sjgien<
SQfg 8 nolbkt Mnhb< QKefr4knmstruktnr Gmgt (Q< QKefr)4cbstruktnr Cnmb4prnkbcurb HucfMnhb(Q< QKefr)4prnkbcurb [enwMfhb4
bmc4
SJgien 8 nolbkt(SQfg) prnkbcurb HucfMnhb(Q< QKefr)4
bmc4
N sb`umcn nolbtn SJgien ebrcf cn nolbtn SQfg n pnmtbgrn vfrgævbi Mnhb, f knmstruktnrGmgt, n cbstruktnr Cnmb b f prnkbcurb [enwMfhb, fpbmfs f prnkbcurb HucfMnhb tbræ njumkgnmfhbmtn knhn uhf kfrfktbrèstgkf ümgkf pfrf kfcf nolbtn. N Cbipeg pnssug gmühbrns ’pfgs‘(kifssbs cb nolbtns) prnmtns pfrf sbrbh usfcns pnr vnkì, tfgs knhn<
SJnrh< Kbmtrn cfs fpigkfàòbs Cbipeg, utgigzfcns mf krgfàën cb lfmbifs, kfgxfs cb cgæin`n bmtrb nutrns.
SHbmu< _bspnmsævbi pbif knmkbpàën cb hbmus b hbmu pnpup.
SOuttnmKnmtrni< [ghpigjgkf n rbjgmfhbmtn cn knmtrnib cf lfmbif sbrvb cb ofsb pfrf ns knhpnmbmtbs knhn< Ontòbs,Kebkd Onx b _fcgn Onx.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
65
Qrn`rfhfmcn knh nolbtns Cbipeg
Vufmcn gmgkgfcn n Cbipeg, ç krgfcn futnhftgkfhbmtb uh mnvn prnlbtn b uh nolbtnjnrhuiærgn (cbrgvfcn cf kifssb SJnrh) pfrf n supnrtb cns cbhfgs nolbtns. Bxpinrfmcn n Bcgtnrcb Kûcg`ns (Kncb Bcgtnr ) vnkì pncbræ nosbrvfr f cbkifrfàën cn mnvn nolbtn cf kifssb SJnrh qub
jng prncuzgcn futnhftgkfhbmtb knh f krgfàën cn mnvn jnrhuiærgn. Bxfhgmfmcn n knmtbücn cbstbkûcg`n krgfcn pfrf n nolbtn, tbrbhns<
umgt Rmgt64 Fobrturf cb uhf mnvf umgcfcb
gmtbrjfkb Qfrïhbtrns cn noblbtns
usbs[ysRtgis, PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Rsn cb nutrfs umgcfcbsJnrhs, Cgfin`s4
typb
SJnrh6 8 kifss(SJnrh) F cbkifrfàën cn nolbtn gmgkgf fqugprgvftb{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk{ Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4 Fqug ç n jgmfi cf cbkifrfàën
vfr Jnrh6< SJnrh64 Ftrgoug f vfrgævbi Jnrh6 fs kfrfktbrèstgkfs cn nolbtn SJnrh6
ghpibhbmtftgnm Gmèkgn cf pfrtb f sbr ghpibhbmtfcf
{$_ *.CJH} Cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën qub f`rb`f n cbsbmen cf tbif (bh
.CJH) knh n hbshn mnhb cf umgcfcbbmc. Jgmfi cf pfrtb ghpibhbmtfcf
Rh mnvn tgpn cb nolbtn SJnrh6, ç cbkifrfcn cbrgvfcn cf kifssb SJnrh, qub tfhoçh çuh nutrn nolbtn. _bibhorb uh nolbtn ç uh tgpn cb bibhbmtn kfpfz cb `ufrcfr cfcns b kûcg`ncbmtrn cb uh ümgkn pfkntb. Ftç f`nrf, n tgpn SJnrh6 mën knmtçh kfhpns nu hçtncns, gssnfknmtbkbræ knh f fcgàën cb fi`ums knhpnmbmtbs mbstb nolbtn.
Nosbrvfmcn n kûcg`n, mntfhns qub bxgstb uhf vfrgævbi cbkifrfcf knh n mnhb Jnrh6 pfrf n mnvn tgpn cb nolbtn SJnrh6<
vfr Jnrh6< SJnrh64
Jnrh6 ç f kefhfcf cb gmstïmkgf fn tgpn SJnrh6. Bstf vfrgævbi rbjbrb-sb fn jnrhuiærgnbh sg, fnmcb sbræ fcgkgnmfcn knhpnmbmtbs b cbsbmefcn f gmtbrjfkb bmtrb n knhputfcnr b nusuærgn qub jnr npbrfr n sgstbhf. Ç sbhprb mntfcn cbkifrfàòbs cb uhf nu hfgs gmstïmkgfsrbjbrgcfs fn tgpn cb nolbtn. Juturfhbmtb sbræ hnstrfcn n pncbr cbstb tgpn cb cbkifrfàòbs qufmcnjfifrhns snorb lfmbif HCG ( Huitgpib Cnkuhbmt Gmtbrjfkb - Gmtbrjfkb cb cnkuhbmtn hüitgpins)`brbmkgfmcn værgfs ’lfmbifs jgiefs‘, mën pbrhgtgmcn qub bstfs ’lfmbifs jgiefs‘ sfgfh cn bspfànkrgfcn pbif ’lfmbif pfg‘.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
67
Fcgkgnmfmcn fi`ums knhpnmbmtbs fn jnrhuiærgn, vbrbhns knhn n Cbipeg knhpibtfræ ffpigkfàën bskrbvbmcn futnhftgkfhbmtb n kûcg`n, b pbrhgtgmcn qub fn jgmfi tnrmfr-sb-æ pnssèvbi f
knhpgifàën (ibhorf-sb cn Kigppbr ©, knh .BUB), bxbkuàën b cgstrgougàën cf fpigkfàën.
Bh mnssn jnrhuiærgn, kninkfrbhns uh ontën qub, bh tbhpn cb bxbkuàën, fn sbr cfcn uhkigqub knh n hnusb snorb bstb nolbtn, n jnrhuiærgn hucb suf knr. Fpbrtb f tbkif J6? pfrfrbtnrmfr f vgsën cn jnrhuiærgn b mf pfiebtf cb nolbtns (Knhpnmmbmt Qfiibtb) kigqub mn nolbtn
(outtnm inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) b kigqub mn jnrhuiærgn. Mf lfmbif cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr kigqub mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts b kigqub cufs vbzbs snorb f fàën NmKigkd b gmsgrf n sb`ugmtbkûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Jnrh6.Kninr <8 ki@rbbm4bmc4
_bpfrfmcn mn kûcg`n knhpibtn cf fpigkfàën, vbrbhns<
umgt Rmgt64
gmtbrjfkb
usbs[ysRtgis, PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,Jnrhs, Cgfin`s4
typbSJnrh6 8 kifss(SJnrh)
Outtnm6< SOuttnm4 Rh mnvn cfcn jng fqug gmsbrgcnprnkbcurb Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Cbkifrfcn uh mnvn hçtncn
prgvftb{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk{ Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr Jnrh6< SJnrh64
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 N kûcg`n cn mnvn hçtncnob`gm Jnrh6.Kninr <8 ki@rbbm4
bmc4
bmc.
N mnvn nolbtn SJnrh6 f`nrf fprbsbmtf uh kfhpn Outtnm6 - n ontën qub vnkì fcgkgnmnufn jnrhuiærgn. SOuttnm b n tgpn cn nolbtn, b Outtnm6 ç n nolbtn ontën prnprgfhbmtb cgtn. Knh ntbhpn vnkì kninkfræ mnvns knhpnmbmtbs fn jnrhuiærgn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?1
_ncb n prnlbtn, kigkfmcn mn ontën ( _um), cì uh kigqub mn ontën b vblf n qubfknmtbkb. Qfrb f fpigkfàën jbkefmcn f lfmbif knh Fit+J3.
[û pnr kurgnsgcfcb, sfivb bstb frqugvn, jbkeb-n b forf n frqugvn RMGS6.CJH (knh fnpàën Jgib | Npbm Jgib...) mntfrbhns qub n Cbipeg krgnu uh frqugvn knh tncfs fs prnprgbcfcbscns nolbtns krgfcns b qub f cbkifrfàën cn nolbtn Jnrh6 bm`inof tncns ns nutrns, mnàòbs cbBmkfpsuifhbmtn.
_bmnhbfmcn ns nolbtns b ns knhpnmbmtbs
Znkì sbhprb cbvb utgigzfr f lfmbif cn Nolbkt Gmspbktnr pfrf rbmnhbfr ns nolbtns krgfcns.Qnr bxbhpin, n mnhb pfcrën cn jnrhuiærgn b Jnrh6 hucb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf jKnrbs. N Cbipeg sb bmkfrrb`fræ cb hucfr qufiqubr rbjbrìmkgf qub bxgstgf fn Jnrh6. Bmtën n kûcg`nfprbsbmtfræ f sb`ugmtb hncgjgkfàòbs<
umgt Rmgt64
gmtbrjfkb
usbs[ysRtgis, PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,Jnrhs, Cgfin`s4
typbSjKnrbs 8 kifss(SJnrh) Fqug jng hncgjgkfcn
Outtnm6< SOuttnm4prnkbcurb Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk{ Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr jKnrbs< SjKnrbs4 Fqug jng hncgjgkfcn
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
prnkbcurb SjKnrbs.Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Fqug jng hncgjgkfcnob`gm
Jnrh6.Kninr <8 ki@rbbm4 Fqug mën !!!bmc4
bmc.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?6
N Cbipeg hncgjgkfræ fpbmfs ns kûcg`ns `brfcns futnhftgkfhbmtb pór bib. Ns kûcg`ns pfrf f fàën NmKigkd jnrfh `brfcns pnr vnkì b n Cbipeg mën ns hncgjgkfræ. Kfob f vnkì fhfmutbmàën mbstb kfsn. Gstn jng gcbfigzfcn pfrf prbsbrvfr n knmtbücn nrg`gmfi cn sbu kûcg`n.
prnkbcurb SjKnrbs.Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
ob`gm jKnrbs.Kninr <8 ki@rbbm4bmc4
Kfpètuin GG
Knmebkbmcn n Cbipeg
[b vnkì tbvb fi`uhfs cüvgcfs mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr snorb f ærbf cb trfofien cn Cbipeg mënsb prbnkupb, mbstb kfpètuin vnkì pncbræ sfmæ-ifs knhpibtfhbmtb, tfhoçh sbræ hnstrfcn n hçtncncb bstruturf cb fpigkfàòbs Kigbmt/[brvbr.
Kfsn vnkì sblf usuærgn cn Cbipeg 6.1 mf ofrrf cb hbmu sbibkgnmb f npàën Ebip bGmtbrfktgvb Sutnrs, vnkì rbkbobræ uhf fuif Nm-Igmb snorb f mnvf ærbf cb trfofien.
Ns bibhbmtns cf gmtbrjfkb Cbipeg jnrfh cgvgcgcns cn sb`ugmtb hncn<
Bibhbmtns ZgsèvbgsN fhogbmtb cb trfofien cn Cbipeg ç jnrhfcn pnr nolbtns qub bstën vgsèvbgs tën in`n qub n
fpigkftgvn sblf gmgkgfcn jnrhfmcn f ærbf cb trfofien.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
??
Zgsën @brfi cns nolbtns vgsèvbgs cn Fhogbmtb Cbipeg
Jnrh
Ns jnrhuiærgns (nolbtn Jnrh) sën ns pnmtns kbmtrfgs pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn Cbipeg.Znkì sb utgigzfræ cbibs pfrf cbsbmefr suf knhumgkfàën knh n usuærgn, kninkfmcn b nr`fmgzfmcnnutrns nolbtns. Bstbs nolbtns sën frrfstfcns cf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb, hnstrfcf mf lfmbif inkfigzfcf
fkghf.
Znkì pncb ghf`gmfr qub n jnrhuiærgn ç uh nolbtn qub knmtçh nutrns nolbtns. [uffpigkfàën jgkfræ inkfigzfcf bh uh jnrhuiærgn prgmkgpfi b bstb gmtbrf`græ knh nutrns jnrhuiærgnskrgfcns. Ç pnssèvbi fuhbmtfr, hnvbr nu nkupfr knhpibtfhbmtb f tbif cn hnmgtnr, nu ftç hbshnuitrfpfssæ-if. Rh jnrhuiærgn oæsgkn gmkiug ns sb`ugmtbs knhpnmbmtbs<
Knmtrnibs cb hbmu4
Ontòbs cb hfxghgzfàën b hgmghgzfàën4
Ofrrf cb tètuin4 b
Onrcfs rbcghbmsgnmævbgs.
N kûcg`n `brfcn, mf ærbf knmebkgcf knhn Kncb Bcgtnr , jgkf bxftfhbmtb ftræs cn nolbtnjnrhuiærgn, kigqub mf ofrrf cb mntfs, bh Rmgt6, sb fi`uhf kngsf jnr cbsknmebkgcf pfrf vnkì, ibgfhfgnrbs bxpigkfàòbs mn Kfpètuin G.
Ç pnssèvbi bmvgfr uh jnrhuiærgn pfrf f ghprbssnrf, pfrf gstn bxgstbh cufs hfmbgrfs<
6. Sgpn uh Qrgmt[krbbm cb Sbif, kninqub n sb`ugmtb knhfmcn ’TMnhb cn
jnrhuiærgnX.Qrgmt4‘ mn bvbmtn nm[enw cn jnrhuiærgn4 nu
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?;
?. Qfrf ghprghgr uh jnrhuiærgn mn tfhfmen cb uh pfpbi F3, ftrfvçs cn usn cbknhfmcns cf ogoigntbkf Qrgmtbr , vblf n Fpìmcgkb C pfrf hfgnrbs cbtfiebs.
Kncb Bcgtnr
N bcgtnr cb kûcg`ns prnvgcìmkgf tntfi fkbssn fn kûcg`n `brfcn pbin prnlbtn, gmkiugmcnfi`ums cns hfgs pncbrnsns rbkursns pfrf f bcgàën. Qncb sbr sbibkgnmfcn tgpns cb knrbs pfrf nsbibhbmtns cn prn`rfhf (knhn pnr bxbhpin knhbmtærgns, pfifvrfs rbsbrvfcfs, kûcg`ns fssbhoibr,...) pfrf tfmtn f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi bmtrb bh Snnis | Nptgnms..., inkfigzb f pæ`gmf Kninrs.
Qfrf nutrfs gmjnrhfàòbs fcgkgnmfgs snorb n hncn cb usfr bstb bcgtnr, prnkurbrbjbrìmkgfs mn Ebip NmIgmb mn tûpgkn Kncb Bcg tnr .
Fn sbr fobrtn uh mnvn prnlbtn, n Cbipeg `brf futnhftgkfhbmtb mf pæ`gmf cn Kncb Bcgtnr uhf Rmgt knh n frqugvn kûcg`n (.QF[). Qfrf vbr n kûcg`n cb uhf Rmgt bh pfrtgkuifr,sghpibshbmtb Kigkd mf tfouifàën cb pæ`gmf. N Kncb Bcgtnr hnstrfræ sbhprb n mnhb cn frqugvn
knrrbmtb ftgvn mf tfouifàën cb pæ`gmf.
Ç pnssèvbi fitbrmfr bmtrb n nolbtn Jnrh b f Kncb Bcgtnr ftrfvçs cn prbssgnmfhbmtn
cf tbkif J6?, cn ontën ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , nu fgmcf ftrfvçs cfs npàòbscn hbmu Zgbw | Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt. (kurgnsgcfcb< n fkbssn ræpgcn ftrfvçs cf tbkif Fit + Ibtrfsuoigmefcf pfrf bstf npàën bstæ hfrkfcn snorb f ibtrf @)
Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb
Knhpnmbmtbs (nu nolbtns) sën ns bibhbmtns qub vnkì usfræ pfrf trfofiefr knh ffpigkfàën. Jnrfh gmkiuècns nolbtns bh værgfs pæ`gmfs, tfgs knhn kfgxfs cb cgæin`ns b ontòbs, f pfiebtf gmkiug tfhoçh fi`ums bspfàns bh orfmkn pfrf sbr pbrhgtgcf f fcgàën cb mnvns nolbtns.Fi`ums nolbtns mën sbrën vgsèvbgs bmqufmtn f fpigkfàën bstgvbr bxbkutfmcn, bibs jfzbh pfrtb cnsbrvgàn cf CCB ( Cymfhgk Cftf Bxkefm`b).
Ns nolbtns cf pfiebtf jnrfh cgvgcgcns bh `rupns cb jumkgnmfigcfcb bh cgjbrbmtbs
pæ`gmfs. Qnr bxbhpin, ns nolbtns qub rbprbsbmtfh fs lfmbifs trfcgkgnmfgs cn Pgmcnws© (tfgs knhnjnmtbs, pfiebtf cb knrbs, ...) jnrfh kninkfcns mf pæ`gmf Cgfin`s cf pfiebtf.
Znkì pncbræ krgfr sbus prûprgns nolbtns knhn tfhoçh gmstfifr nutrns læ prnmtns, pfrf gssnjng kninkfcn ns bspfàns vfzgns. Qnr bxbhpin pncbræ sbr gmstfifcn mnvns knmtrnibs b nolbtns cn
Zgsufi Ofsgk©
3.1 (Nolbtns NKU - nu pfrf ns pnrtfcnrbs cn Cbipeg 6.1 n cn Zgsufi Ofsgk©
;.1 ns nolbtns ZOU). Rhf cfs prgmkgpfgs vfmtf`bms cf QNN ç qub hugtn bh orbvb cbvbræ sbrkninkfcn mn hbrkfcn pfkntbs cb nolbtns prnmtns pfrf sbrbh gmtb`rfcns fns sgstbhfs n qubjfkgigtfræ fgmcf hfgs n cbsbmvnivghbmtn b f hfmutbmàën cns hbshns.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?3
Nolbkt Gmspbktnr
Qrnvgcìmkgf f knmbxën bmtrb f gmtbrjfkb vgsufi b n kûcg`n. Ç Knhpnstn pnr cufs pæ`gmfs Qrnpbrtgbs (prnprgbcfcbs) b Bvbmts (Bvbmtns) qub hnstrfræ fs prnprgbcfcbs b bvbmtns cn nolbtnsbibkgnmfcn.
Cgspnmgogigzf uh jækgi kfhgmen pfrf f pbrsnmfigzfàën cns nolbtns. Znkì usfræ f pæ`gmfcb Qrnprgbcfcbs pfrf pbrsnmfigzfr ns nolbtns kninkfcns mn jnrhuiærgn (gmkiusgvb n prûprgnjnrhuiærgn), b f pæ`gmf cb Bvbmtns pfrf `brbmkgfr f mfvb`fàën bmtrb kbrtfs pfrtbs cn kûcg`n cn prn`rfhf.
N sbibtnr cb nolbtns (Nolbkt [bibktnr - inkfigzfcn bh uh nolbtn cn tgpn KnhonOnx mntnpn cn Nolbkt Gmspbktnr ) hnstrf n mnhb b n tgpn cb tncns ns knhpnmbmtbs cn jnrhuiærgnknrrbmtb (gmkiusgvb n prûprgn). Znkì pncb usfr n sbibtnr cb nolbtns pfrf inkfigzfr jfkgihbmtbqufiqubr nolbtn mn jnrhuiærgn.
[pbbcOfrKnmtçh ns ontòbs hfgs jrbqùbmtbhbmtb utgigzfcns. Jnrmbkbmcn cbstb hncn uh ftfien cb
mfvb`fàën fn hbmu prgmkgpfi cn Cbipeg.
Ç pnssèvbi f pbrsnmfigzfàën cf [pbbcOfr kninkfmcn mbif ns kfhgmens cn hbmu prgmkgpfiqub vnkì hfgs utgigzf, ofstfmcn pfrf gssn<
6. _bcghbmsgnmb f [pbbcOfr. Qfrf tfmtn pnsgkgnmb n kursnr cn hnusb snorb n pnmtn cbbmknmtrn cf [pbbcOfr knh f Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb knmjnrhb n cbsbmen fofgxn<
?. Vufmcn n kursnr cn hnusb hucfr cb jnrhftn, kigqub n ontën bsqubrcn cn hnusb b frrfstbforgmcn f ærbf cf [pbbcOfr .
;. Kigqub knh n ontën cgrbgtn cn hnusb mf ærbf fobrtf, fpfrbàf uh hbmu QuiiCnwmknmtbmcn bmtrb nutrfs npàòbs f npàën Qrnpbrtgbs, sbibkgnmb-f.
3. Fs kftb`nrgfs b ns knhfmcn sën cgvgcgcns cb fknrcn knh n hbmu, kigqub bh kghf cnsknhfmcns cgspnmèvbgs b frrfstb-ns pfrf f ærbf fobrtf cb fknrcn knh f suf mbkbssgcfcb,
pfrf rbtgrfr ns ontòbs cf [pbbcOfr jfàf n prnkbssn gmvbrsn.
Bibhbmtns mën Zgsèvbgs
Fi`ums bibhbmtns mën bstën prnmtfhbmtb vgsèvbgs qufmcn n Cbipeg ç gmgkgfcn hfs vnkì pncbræ tbr fkbssn f bibs ofstfmcn pfrf gssn sbibkgnmfr f npàën mf ofrrf cb hbmu.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?2
Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br
N @brbmkgfcnr cb Qrnlbtns knmtçh uhf igstf cb jnrhuiærgns nu umgcfcbs utgigzfcns pbiffpigkfàën, b sbrvb pfrf knmtrnifr bstbs jnrhuiærgns nu umgcfcbs, fcgkgnmfmcn-ns nu rbhnvbmcn-nscn prnlbtn, nr`fmgzfmcn fs npàòbs cn prnlbtn, bmtrb nutrns.
Znkì tfhoçh pncbræ kninkfr uh ontën pfrf gmgkgfr n @brbmkgfcnr cb Qrnlbtns ftrfvçs
cf [pbbcOfr ,
Hbmu Cbsg`mbr
N Hbmu Cbsg`mbr pbrhgtb f krgfàën cb hbmus pfrf ns sbus jnrhuiærgns. Znkì pncb krgfrhbmus nu hbmus cn tgpn puiicnwm ftrfvçs cns nolbtns HfgmHbmu nu QnpupHbmu (inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc mf Knhpnmbmt pfibttb). F krgfàën knhpibtf cb Hbmus sbræ kninkfcf cb jnrhfhfgs forfm`bmtb mn Kfpètuin GZ.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?:
Jgbics Bcgtnr
Qfrf n Cbipeg ç pnssèvbi bcgtfr b hncgjgkfr fs prnprgbcfcbs cb qufgsqubr kfhpns cnsnolbtns cb tfobifs fssnkgfcfs fn ofmkn cb cfcns, f Jgbics Bcgtnr bh knmlumtn knh f Nolbkt
Gmspbktnr knmtrnifh n hncn cb hnstrfr cbtbrhgmfcns kfhpns cb frqugvns, ç ghpnrtfmtb ibhorfrqub bstf hncgjgkfàën mën fjbtfræ ns kfhpns cf tfobif, fpbmfs pfrf n jnrhuiærgn ftgvn bh qubstën.[uf utgigzfàën bjbtgvf sbræ hnstrfcf f pfrtgr cn Kfpètuin Z.
Fcc jgbics... ç rbspnmsævbi pbif fcgàën cbcbjgmgàòbs cb kfhpns cf tfobif, ç pnssèvbi gmsbrgruh nu hfgs kfhpns, cbpbmcbmcn cb sufutgigzfàën pfrf n jnrhuiærgn.Mbw jgbic... pbrhgtb f krgfàën cb uh mnvnkfhpn, bstb pncb sbr f cbrgvfàën cb uh nu hfgs
kfhpns cf tfobif.Kut bmvgf pfrf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf b bighgmftncfs fs cbjgmgàòbs cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn.Knpy knpgf pfrf f ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf tncfs fscbjgmgàòbs cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn.Qfstb rbkbob cf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf tncfs fscbjgmgàòbs cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn krgfmcn-n.Cbibtb bxkiug qufgsqubr cbjgmgàën pfrf nskfhpns.[bibkt fii sbibkgnmf tncfs fs cbjgmgàòbs cnskfhpns._btrgbvb Fttrgoutbs ftufigzf ns ftrgoutns cnkfhpn sbibkgnmfcn knh ns kfhpns cn cgkgnmærgn
cb cfcns. [fvb fttrgoutbs sfivf ns ftrgoutns cn kfhpnsbibkgnmfcn pfrf n cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns.
[fvb fttrgoutbs fs... sfivf ns ftrgoutns cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn pfrf n cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns pbrhgtgmcn frbmnhbfàën cn kfhpn. Fssnkgftb fttrgoutbs... jfz f fssnkgfàën cns ftrgoutns cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn knh cbtbrhgmfcn kfhpn cncgkgnmærgn cb cfcns. Rmfssnkgftb fttrgoutbs rbhnvb f fssnkgfàën cns ftrgoutns cn kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn knh cbtbrhgmfcn kfhpncn cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?0
_bpnsgtûrgn cb Nolbtns
N _bpnsgtûrgn cb Nolbtns cn Cbipeg ?.1 frhfzbmf b `brbmkgf ns nolbtns cf fpigkfàën<Jnrhuiærgns, Cftf Hncuibs, `brfcnrbs bxpbrts, b CII ( Cgmfhgk Igmdbc Igorfry - Ogoigntbkfs cbfkbssn cgmïhgkn). Mf bssìmkgf, bib kbmtrfigzf fs inkfigzfàòbs cns nolbtns bmvnivgcns f`rupfcn-ns.
F prnigjbrfàën cns nolbtns mn rbpnsgtûrgn gmkrbhbmtf fs sb`ugmtbs vfmtf`bms< [upnrtb f bqugpb cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn pfrf rbjbrìmkgf fns nolbtns cf rbcb.
Rhf kustnhgzfàën cb tncn n cbsbmvnivghbmtn bh `rupns iû`gkns cb nolbtns, jfkgigtfmcnn rb-usn cns hbshns.
N Cbipeg pnssug cgvbrsfs kfrfktbrèstgkfs qufmtn f suf utgigzfàën. Sbh ns Sutnrs b Bxpbrts qub sën fs jbrrfhbmtfs rbspnmsævbgs pfrf `ugfr-mns ftrfvçs cb tçkmgkfs, tfgs knhn, hfmgpuifàëncb knhpnmbmtbs b krgfàën cb sghpibs fpigkfàòbs. Fiçh cgssn n Cbipeg njbrbkb uhf knibàën cbhncbins pfrf jnrhuiærgns, lfmbifs cb cgæin`n b ftç hbshn fpigkfàòbs knhpibtfs mf jbrrfhbmtf Mbw Gtbhs. F lfmbif cn Mbw Gtbhs ç sbhprb kefhfcf futnhftgkfhbmtb qufmcn f npàën Jgib |Mbw... cn hbmu prgmkgpfi ç bxbkutfcf.
Ç pnssèvbi pfrf vnkì krgfr mnvfs lfmbifs, nu prnlbtns, futnhætgkns mn Cbipeg. Qfrf fmnssf snrtb f Onrifmc mën bsknmcb n ln`n b hnstrf knhn sb krgf uhf tbhpiftb vgsgtb n cgrbtûrgnYON_IFMCYCBIQEG ?.1YNOL_BQN[, n bqugvfibmtb mn Cbipeg 6.1 ç bmknmtrfcn mn cgrbtûrgnYCBIQEGY@FIIB_W, tncns ns bxbhpins sën futn-bxpigkftgvns.
Qfrf cbjgmgr n prnlbtn pfcrën qub n Mbw Gtbhs bxbkutfræ mn gmèkgn cb kfcf prnlbtn,kigqub knh n ontën cgrbgtn fkghf cf lfmbif b bsknief f npàën Qrnpbrtgbs fpfrbkbræ fs igstfs Qf`bs b Nolbkts, cbjgmf qufgsqubr cns nolbtns knhn Mbw Jnrh nu Hfgm Jnrh.
Nosbrvb qub f sb`umcf jnief cf lfmbif Mbw Gtbhs (tbræ n mnhb cn sbu frqugvn knh fbxtbmsën .CQ_ ) ç n sbu prnlbtn knrrbmtb, nu sblf, uhf mnvf lfmbif pncbræ sbr cbrgvfcf, pnrkfrfktbrèstgkf cb ebrfmàf, cb uhf nutrf lfmbif læ bxgstbmtb.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?5
Bstruturf cb Fpigkfàòbs knh n Cbipe g ?.1
Rh cns nolbtgvns cb cbsbmefr fpigkfàòbs cn tgpn Kigbmt / [brvbr pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtnç f rbutgigzfàën cns nolbtns, cfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn b cfs tbifs cn prnlbtn. N Cbipeg Kigbmt / [brvbr[ugtb ?.1 ç n ümgkn qub ghpibhbmtf uhf frqugtbturf gmknrpnrfmcn f tbkmnin`gf _FC ( _fpgc
Fppigkftgnm Cbvbinphbmt - Cbsbmvnivghbmtn _æpgcn cb Fpigkfàòbs) knh n cbsbmvnivghbmtntntfihbmtb NN (Nolbkt Nrgbmtftgnm - Nrgbmtfcn f Nolbtns) pfrf f rbcuàën cn tbhpn cbcbsbmvnivghbmtn b hfmutbmàòbs ghprnvævbgs. Fcgkgnmfmcn, uhf frqugtbturf fnmcb ç pnssèvbi fsbpfrfàën cf @RG (@rfjgk Rmgt Gmtbrjfkb - Rmgcfcb cb Gmtbrjfkb @ræjgkf), cfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgniû`gkfs b cn cbsbmen cn ofmkn cb cfcns cb fknrcn knh n hncbin rbprbsbmtfcn fofgxn<
Obmbjèkgns<
6. F sbpfrfàën cn cbsbmen cf @RG (ftrfvçs cns nolbtns Jnrhs) knh f ærbf cb ig`fàëniû`gkf cb cfcns (ftrfvçs cns nolbtns Cftf Hncuibs) pbrhgtb qub sb kfusb uh hbmnr
ghpfktn snorb fhofs fs ærbfs. Fs hucfmàfs pncbh sbr bxbkutfcfs mfs tbifs cb bmtrfcf numfs ig`fàòbs, gmcbpbmcbmtbhbmtb, cb fknrcn knh ns rbqubrghbmtns cn usuærgn.
?. F sbpfrfàën cn cbsbmen cf @RG knh f ærbf cb ig`fàën iû`gkf cb cfcns rbfigzfcf knhuhf kbrtf efogigcfcb fns bvbmtns bmvnivgcns, pncbræ mën mbkbssfrgfhbmtb cbvbræ sbrknmtrnifcf pnr uh efogigcnsn COF ( Cftfofsb Fchgmgstrftnr - Fchgmgstrfcnr cb Ofmkncb Cfcns), knh sufs jfmtæstgkfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn, pncbmcn gmkiusgvb sbr hfmtgcf pnr uh’fmfigstf cb gmjnrhfàòbs‘.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
?7
;. N cbsbmen cn ofmkn cb cfcns, f knmstruàën cfs hbtncnin`gfs cb mb`ûkgn b n cbsbmen b fkrgfàën cfs lfmbifs cb bmtrfcf sën bjbtgvfcns cbmtrn cf fpigkfàën. N cbsbmvnivghbmtn,bmtën pfrfibifhbmtb, rbsuitfræ bh uhf hfgnr rfpgcbz.
3. Ebrcfmcn fs lfmbifs cb bmtrfcf, bh mèvbgs cb utgigzfàën, rbcuz-sb crfstgkfhbmtb n prnkbssn cb kncgjgkfàën, b bh knmsbqùìmkgf, n prnkbssn juturn cb hfmutbmàën. Fs
hucfmàfs iû`gkfs cfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn nu f gmknrpnrfàën cb mnvns pfcròbs, sën jbgtfsfutnhftgkfhbmtb pfrf tncns ns nolbtns ebrcfcns.
2. N rbpnsgtûrgn cb nolbtns, ns jnrhuiærgns rbusævbgs b f utgigzfàën cns nolbtns CftfHncuibs, bmvnivb bh bighgmfàën cf cupigkfàën cb kûcg`ns b cb trfofiens knh cbsbmenscb lfmbifs, b bh knmsbqùìmkgf mf rbcuàën cf bqugpb cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn.
Ghpibhbmtfàën bjbtgvf
Nolbtns Cftf Hncuib
F pfrtgr cn Cbipeg ?.1 jng gmknrpnrfcn n usn cb nolbtns knmebkgcns pnr Cftf Hncuib,qub sbrvbh pfrf qub sufs fpigkfàòbs prnvgcbmkgbh uh cbsbmen kbmtrfigzfcn cf cbjgmgàën cbfkbssn fns cfcns b cfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn. Ns nolbtns Cftf Hncuibs, tfhoçh pncbh sbrsbpfrfcns pnr mb`ûkgns iû`gkns (knhn bxbhpin pnr ærbfs< knhprfs, vbmcfs, bstnqub, btk.)jnrhfmcn kfhgmens cb knmbxòbs sghpibs.
Ns nolbtns Cftf Hncuibs pncbh sbr fpigkfcns f nolbtns tfgs knhn Sfoibs, [tnrbcQrnkbcurbs, nu Vubrgbs pbrhgtgmcn f kbmtrfigzfàën cns bvbmtns bmvnivgcns bh fmtbs b
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;1
cbpngs cf `rfvfàën, bxkiusën, gmsbràën nu bcgàën cns cfcns. B ftç hbshn mf kninkfàëncb mnvns nolbtns cb knmtrnib pfrf hfgnr jfkgigcfcb.
Fs rbifàòbs cb cfcns Hfstbr / Cbtfgi sën cbjgmgcfs bh hbmnr qufmtgcfcb. Qnssgogigtfbmtën fn cbsbmvnivbcnr krgfr fpigkfàòbs cn tgpn Kigbmt / [brvbr cb jnrhf hfgs jækgi,ræpgcf, b sb`urf sb utgigzfmcn cfs prnprgbcfcbs cns nolbtns Cftfsnurkbs nu utgigzfmcn n
Cftfofsb Jnrh Bxpbrt. Ns jnrhuiærgns cfs fpigkfàòbs, pncbh sbr ig`fcns cgrbtfhbmtb f uh nu hfgs nolbtns Cftf
Hncuib pfrf f prnpf`fàën cfs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn sbh f mbkbssgcfcb cb bxbkuàën cb uhkûcg`n bxtrf.
Ns nolbtns Cftf Hncuibs sën kifssbs cb nolbtns qub pbrtbmkbh f gmtbrfàën cns cfcns cncftfofsb sbrvbr . Gsnifmcn tntfihbmtb n fkbssn fn ofmkn cb cfcns knh f fpigkfàën Kigbmt , sghpigjgkfmcn cbstb hncn tncf f hfmutbmàën rbfigzfcf.
N Fkbssn fn Cbipeg fns ofmkns cb cfcns sb prnkbssf cf sb`ugmtb hfmbgrf<
Cgstr gougàën Iû`gkf cf Fpi gkfàën<
Ns nolbtns Cftf Hncuib jnrfh cbsbmvnivgcns pfrf krgfr uhf kbmtrfigzfàën iû`gkf cbtncfs fs rb`rfs cb mb`ûkgn, sbpfrfmcn f ærbf cb vgsën cn usuærgn knh f ærbf cn cbsbmen cn Ofmkncb Cfcns. Bstb sûigcn jumcfhbmtn cb supnrtb sën cgstrgouècns bh uh m-mühbrn cb fpigkfàòbs bfrqugtbturfs sbrvgcnrfs cgspnmèvbgs, tfgs knhn KGK[ cf GOH, SnpBmc cf FSS, Suxbcn cfMnvbii, Nolbkt Orndbr cf Cg`gtfi, GNMF cf Nrogx b hugtfs nutrfs.
Cgkgnmærgn cb Cfcns Bskfiævbi
N cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns ç utgigzfcn pfrf frhfzbmfr gmjnrhfàòbs snorb n usn cns cfcnsknmtgcns mfs sufs tfobifs. N cgkgnmærgn cbvb sbr knhn uhf ærvnrb `bmbfiû`gkf trfofiefmcn knhnuh gmspbtnr cb hncgjgkfàòbs qub pbrhgtbh uh frhfzbmfhbmtn jfkgigtfcn. N cgkgnmærgn cbvbknmtbr gmjnrhfàòbs cns ftrgoutns cns kfhpns tfgs knhn< vfinrbs hèmghn, hæxghn b knhums(vfinrbs cbjfuit ), hæskfrfs utgigzfcfs, btk. F utgigzfàën cn cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns trfz fs sb`ugmtbsvfmtf`bms<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;6
6. Knmsgstìmkgf< Kfhpns gcìmtgkns sën frhfzbmfcns kbmtrfihbmtb mn cgkgnmærgn gstn rbcuzn tbhpn cb cbjgmgàën cfs cupigkgcfcbs. Rh cbsbmvnivbcnr pncbræ krgfr ns kfhpnsknhpibhbmtfrbs knh cnhèmgns b fpigkfàòbs fprnprgfcfs.
?. _bcuàën cn Sræjgkn cf _bcb< N Cbipeg pbrhgtb qub f vfigcfàën cns cfcns sblf jbgtf mfshæqugmfs kigbmt nu mn sbrvgcnr. N Cgkgnmærgn cb cfcns pbrhgtb qub f hfmutbmàën cns
ftrgoutns cns kfhpns cn ifcn kigbmt sblf vfigcfcn cb jnrhf bjgkgbmtb rbcuzgmcn fmbkbssgcfcb cn træjb`n cf rbcb.
Ebrcfmcn ns Jnrhuiærgns
N cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb fpigkfàòbs knrpnrftgvfs cb uhf jnrhf pfcrnmgzfcf ç uh jftn cbsuhf ghpnrtïmkgf pfrf fs bhprbsfs bmvnivgcfs. Hfs knmsb`ugr b hfmtbr bstb pfcrën ç uhf tfrbjfknmsgcbrfcf prftgkfhbmtb ghpnssèvbi, læ qub fs fpigkfàòbs cbvbh sb hncbrmgzfr mf vbinkgcfcbqub n hbrkfcn cb gmjnrhætgkf bxg`b. Ns jnrhuiærgns ebrcfcns cn Cbipeg sën sghpibs bxtbmsòbs cf prn`rfhfàën nrgbmtfcf f nolbtns, knmsb`ugmcn hfmtbr, cb jnrhf futnhætgkf, ns pfcròbs b fshncgjgkfàòbs rbfigzfcfs mns prnlbtns. B bh knmlumtn knh n _bpnsgtûrgn cb Nolbtns, pfcrnmgzf,nr`fmgzf b kbmtrfigzf ns jnrhuiærgns rbsuitfmcn bh hncgjgkfàòbs cb kurtèssghn tbhpn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;?
Jbrrfhbmtfs Fuxgigfrbs cb [VI
Qfrf n trfofien knh ofsbs cb cfcns pfcrën [VI ([trukturb Vubry Ifm`uf`b -Igm`uf`bh bstruturfcf cb Knmsuitfs), n Cbipeg knmtf knh fs sb`ugmtbs jbrrfhbmtfs _FC qubfuxgigfh fn cbsbmvnivghbmtn.
Hnmgtnr [VI
Rh hnmgtnr [VI ç uh jbrrfhbmtf pfrf tbstbs, cbpurfàën b bxbkuàën cb knmsuitfs [VI bh fpigkfàòbs Kigbmt / [brvbr . Gstn rbsuitf bh uh fuhbmtn cf prncutgvgcfcb cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn bhbienr pbrjnrhfmkb cf fpigkfàën.
N hnmgtnr [VI, gmtbrkbptf fs kefhfcfs bmtrb fs hæqugmfs kigbmt b n sbrvgcnr. Bstfgmjnrhfàën fuxgigf fn cbsbmvnivbcnr bh prnoibhfs rbifkgnmfcns fs cbkifrfàòbs [VI b ntghgzfbstb tgpn cb trfmsfàën. Rhf sçrgb cb kfhgmens cb gmtbrkbptfàòbs pncbh sbr trfàfcns, cbpbmcbmcncf mbkbssgcfcb cn cbsbmvnivbcnr, pfrf qub fs gmjnrhfàòbs f sbrbh kninkfcfs bh uh rbiftûrgn nm-igmb sblfh fs hfgs ghprbskgmcèvbgs n pnssèvbi. Ç pnssèvbi gmkiusgvb sfivfr b ghprghgr n rbiftûrgn`brfcn pfrf knmsuitfs nu tbstbs pnstbrgnrbs.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;;
[VI Bxpinrbr
F jbrrfhbmtf [VI Bxpinrbr prnvgcbmkgf uhf gmjnrhfàën kbmtrfigzfcf cn `brbmkgfhbmtncfs cbhfmcfs cf ofsb cb cfcns4 tfgs knhn, supnrtb f hncgjgkfàën b krgfàën cb tfobifs, sgmómghns, prnkbcghbmtns cb `rfvfàën, trg``brs (`ftgiens cgspfrfcns pbin ofmkn) b bxbkuàën cfs rb`rfs cb
mb`ûkgn gmtbrftgvfs cn [VI. Rhf jbrrfhbmtf `ræjgkf qub prnpnrkgnmf uh bsqubhf cb gmtb`rgcfcbcf ofsb cf cfcns b knmtçh fs jbrrfhbmtfs bssbmkgfgs pfrf ns fchgmgstrfcnrbs cb ofmkns cb cfcns.
N [VI Bxpinrbr, umgkfhbmtb pfrf n Cbipeg, fchgmgstrf cb jnrhf gmtugtgvf b jækgi n ofmkn cb cfcns. F sghpigkgcfcb cb usn cf gmtbrjfkb `ræjgkf ç uh pbrjbgtn kfhgmen pfrfrbprbsbmtfr n knhpibxn rbifkgnmfhbmtn qub bxgstb mn ofmkn cb cfcns cn sbrvgcnr. Fprbsbmtf uhbsqubhf pfrf gmjnrhfàòbs bh ofmkns knhn Nrfkib©, [yofsb©, GmtbrOfsb, Gmjnrhgx©, CO?© bnutrns. N cbsbmvnivbcnr pncbræ trgiefr kfhpns, tfobifs b prnkbcghbmtns cn ofmkn cbmtrn cfknmstruàën cf fpigkfàën Cbipeg rfpgcfhbmtb, pncbmcn sbr cgrbkgnmfcn pfrf hüitgpins sbrvgcnrbs bhüitgpins ofmkns.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;3
N [VI Bxpinrbr, tfhoçh fchgmgstrf n Cgkgnmærgn cb Cfcns. [uf gmtbrjfkb cb usnsghpigkfcn pbrhgtb jfkgihbmtb cbjgmgr mnvns cnhèmgns pfrf ns ftrgoutns cns kfhpns b fssnkgfàënbmtrb tfobifs.
GmtbrOfsb MS - Ofmkn cb Cfcns _bifkgnmfi
N Cbipeg Kigbmt / [brvbr [ugtb ?.1 gmkiug uhf igkbmàf pfrf cngs usuærgns cn usn cn ofmkn
cb cfcns GmtbrOfsb MS. Cbsbmvnivbcnrbs pncbh krgfr bh hæqugmfs stfmcfinmb fpigkfàòbsusfmcn bstb pncbrnsn ofmkn cb cfcns (knmknrrbmtb cb ofmkns knhn Nrfkib©, [yofsb©,Gmjnrhgx©, CO?© b nutrns). Knh n krbskghbmtn cn vniuhb cb cfcns b cn tfhfmen cf fpigkfàën,fhons, n GmtbrOfsb b n Cbipeg knmsb`ubh gmtbrf`gr cb jnrhf efrhnmgnsf.
N GmtbrOfsb ç uh ofmkn cb cfcns cb fitf pbrjnrhfmkb prncuzgcn pbif Onrifmc, knhn piftfjnrhf pfrf [VI [brvbr . Bstæ cgspnmèvbi bh hfgs cb 62 sgstbhfs npbrfkgnmfgs gmkiugmcn<CN[ b Pgmcnws© ;.6, Pgmcnws© 72, Pgmcnws© MS, MbtPfrb©, [KN©, [um N[©, [um[nifrgs©, EQ-RU©, GOH FGU©, [@G G_GU©, btk.
N GmtbrOfsb ç uh ofmkn f mèvbi FM[G [VI 7?, supnrtfmcn bvbmtns prn`rfhfcns bbxkbàòbs nknrrgcfs mn hncbin pnr fkbssn cb hüitgpins usuærgns. Njbrbkb kefvbs cb knmtrnib f
mèvbi cb rb`gstrns pfrf frqugtbturfs Huitg-@brbmkgfgs kfusfmcn uh pbrjnrhfmkb hugtn supbrgnr fuhf ibgturf cfs npbrfàòbs cb ofmkn, bh knmtrærgn cfs ibgturfs cb oinkf`bh cb npbrfàòbs bskrgtfsrbfigzfcfs pnr nutrns ofmkns.
F vbrsën inkfi cn GmtbrOfsb, cgspnmèvbi fpbmfs knh f kûpgf Kigbmt / [brvbr [ugtb ?.1, prnvgcbmkgf fns cbsbmvnivbcnrbs uh kfhgmen ræpgcn pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb prntûtgpns b cbsgstbhfs knh uh ofmkn cb pfcrën FM[G 7? [VI. Bstf vbrsën prnpgkgf fs hbshfs jumkgnmfigcfcbscf vbrsën huitg-usuærgn pfrf MS b Rmgx, gmkiugmcn knmtrnibs cb trfmsfàòbs, prnkbcghbmtns cb`rfvfàën ( stnrbc prnkbcurbs), usn cb trg``brs (`ftgiens cgspfrfcns cn ofmkn), nu bvbmtns cb
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;2
fibrtf. Ghf`gmb n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb uh `rfmcb sgstbhf sbmcn rbfigzfcn bh uh Ifptnp cbmtrncb uh trbh, fvgën nu ftç hbshn mf jrbmtb cn kigbmtb, fpbmfs n fkbssn fn ofmkn cb cfcns jgmfi çqub sbræ hncgjgkfcn.
Rtgigzfmcn n Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr [ugtb ?.1, cbsbmvnivbcnrbs pncbrën knmkbobr bcbsbmefr prntûtgpns b tbstfr f fpigkfàën jgmfi bh uhf ümgkf hæqugmf. N GmtbrOfsb njbrbkb uh
bxkbpkgnmfi fkbssn f gmtbrjfkb `ræjgkf cn Pgmcnws©, gmkiugmcn f knmjg`urfàën cfs prnprgbcfcbs,uh pbrjbgtn `brbmkgfcnr cb ofmkns mftgvn ;? ogts, tntfi gmtbrftgvgcfcb knh jbrrfhbmtfs [VI, buhf knhpibtf cnkuhbmtfàën bh jnrhftn cb Ebip cn Pgmcnws© (frqugvns .EIQ).
Kfpètuin GGG
Qrnlbtn Qgintn
Ç ûovgn qub jgkf hfgs sghpibs n fprbmcgzfcn cb uhf mnvf jbrrfhbmtf qufmcn sb jfzfi`uh tgpn cb fpigkftgvn, prgmkgpfihbmtb uh qub sblf ütgi, bmtën fn inm`n cbstb bstucn, grbhnscbsbmvnivbr uh fpigkftgvn cbstgmfcn fn Kfcfstrn cb Knhpfkt Cgsk (KC‗s). Sncfs fs pbssnfs enlb
bh cgf tbh hnmtbs cb KC‗s, vgrnu uhf bspçkgb cb jborb, bmtën, pnrqub mën jfzbr uh sgstbhf pfrfkfcfstræ-ins b knmtrniæ-ins, qufmtn tbhpn vnkì læ pbrcbu pbmsfmcn bh qufi cbibs bstæ fqubifhüsgkf qub vnkì qubr nuvgr> Nu uhf kfpf qub sbu jgien rfs`nu, qub tfi ghprghg-if mnvfhbmtb> Bmn kfpètuin huitghècgf fprbmcbrbhns uh hçtncn pfrf tnkfr n KC.
Qfrf cfrhns pfrtgcf fn mnssn prghbgrn fpigkftgvn (Qrnlbtn Qgintn), cbjgmgrbhnsgmgkgfihbmtb fs mnssfs mbkbssgcfcbs<
6. Qbrhgtgr n kfcfstrn knhpibtn b f knmsuitf fns KC‗s4
?. [br pnssèvbi sbpfrfr ns KC‗s bh kftb`nrgfs, jfkgigtfmcn cbstb hncn f ouskf b nfrhfzbmfhbmtn4
;. Vufmtn fs hüsgkfs cbvb sbr pbrhgtgcn n kfcfstrn cn futnr b n tbhpn cb curfàën4
3. Qbrhgtgr f gmkiusën cf jntn cf kfpf cn KC4 b
2. Knhpnrtfr rbiftûrgns cb knmjbrìmkgf b rbghprbssën cf kfpf.
N fkbssn Cbipeg f frqugvns pncb sbr jbgtn ftrfvçs cb cufs hfmbgrfs inkfi nu rbhntn,sbmcn f sb`umcf fpbmfs pnssèvbi pbif kûpgf KIGBMS-[B_ZB_ ç vnitfcfs f ofsbs cb cfcns hfgs
knhpibxfs knhn N_FKIB © nu [WOF[B ©, gmgkgfihbmtb, rbstrgm`grbhns n mnssn bstucn f ofsb cbcfcns inkfgs knmsb`ugcf ftrfvçs cf vbrsën Cbsdtnp. Ibhorb-sb qub á vbrsën Cbsdtnp knmtçhfkbssn f krgfàën b f cbjgmgàën cb ofsbs cOfsb b Qfrfcnx, fiçh cb nutrfs knmsb`ugcfs ftrfvçs cbNCOK .
Knh ofsb mn qub jng su`brgcn fkghf, vfhns cbjgmgr fs tfobifs<
KFSB@N_GFNolbtgvn< Cfcns cfs kftb`nrgfs cn KC.Kfhpns< [G@IF CF KFSB@N_GF - Forbvgfàën cf cbskrgàën cf kftb`nrgf.
CB[K_GÀËN CF KFSB@N_GF - Cbskrgàën cf Kftb`nrgf.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;:
OÆ[GKNNolbtgvn< Cfcns gmgkgfgs cn KC.Kfhpns< KÛCG@N CN CG[KN - Kûcg`n cn KC, bmknmtrfcn mf prûpgf kfpf.
MNHB CN CG[KN - Mnhb cn KC.SGQN CN CG[KN - Sgpn cb @rfvfàën cn KC< FFF, FFC, FCC nu CCC.JNSN CF KFQF - Frhfzbmfræ f jntn cf kfpf cn KC.
[G@IF CF KFSB@N_GF - Ig`fàën pfrf n kûcg`n cf Kftb`nrgf.
HÜ[GKF[Nolbtgvn< Cfcns cfs hüsgkfs cn KC.Kfhpns<
KÛCG@N CN CG[KN - Ig`fàën knh n KC. MRHB_N CF JFGUF - Mühbrn cf jfgxf. MNHB CF HÜ[GKF - Sètuin cf hüsgkf. MNHB CN FRSN_ - Mnhb cn futnr cf hüsgkf.SBHQN CF HÜ[GKF - Sbhpn cb curfàën cf hüsgkf HH[[.
Krgfmcn n Hncbin _bifkgnmfiQfrf krgfr uh hncbin rbifkgnmfi sghpibs b trfofiefr knh ofsbs inkfgs vnkì pncb nptfr pnr
cngs hncns cn tgpn cOfsb nu Qfrfcnx, pfrtgkuifrhbmtb bu prbjgrn trfofiefr knh Qfrfcnx, hfsvnkì rfpgcfhbmtb mntfræ qub tfmtn jfz, trfofieb knh fqubif qub vnkì sb sgmtf hfgs f vnmtfcb.
Bsknief f ofsb cb fknrcn knh n pnrtb cn sgstbhf< Qfrf sgstbhfs pbqubmns b sghpibs bknh pnukns cfcns usb n cOfsb, pfrf sgstbhfs hçcgn, huitg-usuærgn, knh uhf onf qufmtgcfcb cbcfcns bsknief f ofsb Qfrfcnx b pfrf sgstbhfs knhpibxns bh værgfs piftfjnrhfs b fkbssns huitg-usuærgn nptb pnr GmtbrOfsb.
Zfhns f`nrf vgsufigzfr uh hncbin qub cbhnmstrfræ knhn fs tfobifs cbvbrën sbrbifkgnmfr mn sgstbhf, bstb hncbin tfhoçh jfkgigtfræ fs rbifàòbs b f gmtb`rfàën cns jnrhuiærgns cnsgstbhf qufmcn knmstrugrbhns mnssfs knmsuitfs b rbiftûrgns.
Mn hncbin cb bmtgcfcb b rbifkgnmfhbmtn fkghf iì-sb<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;0
6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Oæsgkn sb rbifkgnmf knh 6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Kftb`nrgf bmqufmtnqub 6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Kftb`nrgf sb rbifkgnmf knh m rb`gstrns cf bmtgcfcb Oæsgkn,
6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Hüsgkfs sb rbifkgnmf knh 6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Oæsgkn bmqufmtnqub 6 rb`gstrn cf bmtgcfcb Oæsgkn sb rbifkgnmf knh m rb`gstrns cf bmtgcfcb Hüsgkf.
Knh n HB_ mfs hëns læ sb tbh f gcçgf cb knhn cbvb jgkfr fs bstruturfs cfs tfobifs,bmtën, vfhns qubghfr uh pnukn cb mburómgns.
Srfofiefmcn knh CftfOfsb Bm`gmb Knmjg`urftgnm
Krgfmcn n Figfs
N FIGF[ ç sghpibshbmtb uh fpbigcn (sgmómghn) f sbr cfcn pfrf n ofmkn cb cfcns, bstbfpbigcn pbrhgtgræ qub mn iu`fr cb jfifrhns pfrf fn Cbipeg qub f mnssf ofsb sb bmknmtrf bhK<Y[G[SBHFY... nu C<YCB[BMZY[G[SBHFY..., sghpibshbmtb cg`fhns sb bmknmtrf bh FigfsU nuFigfsW, gstn jfkgigtfræ n sbu trfofien qufmcn vnkì pnr bxbhpin qugsbr hncgjgkfr n cgrbtûrgn cnsgstbhf, ofstf hucfr n bmcbrbàn cn FIGF[ b mën sfgr hncgjgkfmcn værgns jnrhuiærgns.
Nutrf vfmtf`bh bh sb krgfr uh Figfs bstæ mf hucfmàf cf ofsb, ofstf rbfpnmtfrhns nFigfs pfrf nutrf ofsb qub n sgstbhf futnhftgkfhbmtb vbræ bstfs mnvfs gmjnrhfàòbs. Ibhorb-sbqub pfrf gstn sbr pnssèvbi ç mbkbssærgn qub n mnhb cfs tfobifs b cns kfhpns sblfhmbkbssfrgfhbmtb ns hbshns, gmkiugmcn n tfhfmen b n tgpn (mn fpìmcgkb O ç bmknmtrfcn uhftfobif pfrf f knmvbrsën cfs cgvbrsfs ofsbs cb cfcns).
Qfrf trfofiefr knh FIGF[ n kfhgmen hfgs gmtbrbssfmtb b knh n Cftfofsb Bm`gmb
Knmjg`urftgnm, mn frqugvn cb prn`rfhfs cn Cbipeg cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n èknmb ,f knmjg`urfàën cn ofmkn cb cfcns sb cgvgcb bh værgfs pæ`gmfs<
Crgvbrs - Knmtrnif ns frqugvns cb fkbssn inkfgs b NCOK cns ofmkns cb cfcns utgigzfcns4
Figfsbs - Knmtrnib cns sgmómghns cns sgstbhfs4
[ystbh - Cbjgmb ns rbkursns cn Pgmcnws qub sbrën finkfcns pbif fpigkfàën4
Cftb - Bspbkgjgkf ns jn rhftns utgigzfcns pfrf kfhpns tgpn cftf4
Sghb - Bspbkgjgkf ns jnrhftns utgigzfcns pfrf kfhpns tgpn enrf4 b
Muhobr - Bspbkgjgkf ns jnrhftns utgigzfcns pfrf kfhpns tgpn muhçrgkn.
[b ftufihbmtb vnkì bstgvbr utgigzfmcn f vbrsën cb cbsbmvnivghbmtn, ns crgvbrs qubfpfrbkbrën sbrën< cOfsb, GmtbrOfsb b Qfrfcnx, mf vbrsën Kigbmt/[brvbr fiçh cbssbs sbrënkninkfcns< Nrfkib, Gmjnrhgx, [yOfsb bmtrb nutrns.
Hucb pfrf f pæ`gmf Figfsbs b kigkd mn ontën Mbw Figfs, gmjnrhb<
Mbw figfs mfhb< FigfsCgsknFigfs typb< [SFMCF_COntën ND
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;5
Qfte< K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KNCbjfuit Crgvbr< Qfrfcnx
Mbstb hnhbmtn n sbu FIGF[ FigfsCgskn jng krgfcn pfrf f ofmkn cb cfcns Qfrfcnx, mnjnrhftn Qfcrën inkfigzfcn mn cgrbtûrgn K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN, mn hbmu prgmkgpfi bsknief fnpàën Jgib b [fvb, n OCB sfivnu n sbu frqugvn cb knmjg`urfàën kefhfcn GCFQG.KJ@.
Krgb knh n @brbmkgfcnr cb Frqugvns n cgrbtûrgn K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN, fnmcbsbræ inkfigzfcn n sgstbhf.
Qfrf f ofsb cOfsb f ümgkf cgjbrbmàf sbrgf n knhfmcn Cbjfuit Crgvbr< COF[B.
Bmkbrrb n Cftfofsb Bm`gmb Knmjg`urftgnm.
Srfofiefmcn knh CftfOfsb CbsdSnp
Krgfmcn n Ofmkn cb Cfcns vgf Bstruturf
Qfrf krgfr sufs tfobifs, cgspòb-sb cb cufs hfmbgrfs< n hncn cbkifrfàòbs bh [VI nu pbif lfmbif cb bstruturf, gmgkgfihbmtb, utgigzfrbhns f lfmbif cb bstruturf, pngs fiçh cb hfgs sghpibs çhfgs prætgkn, f hbmns qub vnkì trfofieb knh ofsbs cb fkbssn rbhntn, bvgtb n hncn cbkifrfàòbsbh [VI pfrf hfmusbfr f bstruturf cb tfobifs, prgmkgpfihbmtb tfobifs sghpibs knhn ç n kfsn cn Qfrfcnx nu n cOfsb, fpbsfr qub bxgstbh hugtns jfmætgkns pnr K_BFSB SFOIB , FISB_ SFOIB b C_NQ‗s. Bh sb`ugcf hnstrfrbg knhn krgfr fs hbshfs tfobifs utgigzfmcn n hçtncn [VI.
Ibhorb-sb cb fpf`fr fs tfobifs fmtbs cb krgæ-ifs mnvfhbmtb. [bmën mën sbræ pnssèvbibxbkutfr uhf ümgkf cbkifrfàën [VI.
_btnrmb fn Cbipeg, mn hbmu prgmkgpfi bsknief f npàën SNNI[|CftfOfsb CbsdSnp,hfxghgzb f tbif pfrf pbrhgtgr uhf hbienr vgsufigzfàën.
Knh n mnssn sgmómghn (FIGF[) krgfcn grbhns f`nrf cbjgmgr fs mnssfs tfobifs.Gmgkgfihbmtb vfhns cbjgmgr knhn mnssf ærbf cb trfofien< Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi, npàën Jgib|Pnrdgm`Cgrbktnry..., mf npàën Figfsbs< sbibkgnmb FigfsCgskn, mntb qub f npàën Pnrdgm` Cgrbktnry sbræfutnhftgkfhbmtb hncgjgkfcf pfrf <FigfsCgskn<, jgmfihbmtb knmjgrhb kigkfmcn mn ontën ND. Ncgrbtûrgn fpnmtfcn pbin Figfs, f`nrf sbræ n cbjfuit, nu sblf, tucn n qub jgzbrhns sbræ fpnmtfcn pfrf n cgrbtûrgn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
;7
Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi, npàën Jgib, npàën Mbw, b npàën Sfoib..., sbræ hnstrfcf uhf lfmbifknh ns tgpns cb pnssèvbgs rbpnsgtûrgns cb tfobifs mn Sfoib Sypb bsknief f npàën Qfrfcnx 0 bkigqub mn ontën ND . Gmsgrf ns sb`ugmtbs kfhpns<
Jgbic Mfhb Sypb [gzb Dby
KNC^CG[KN M *
MNH^CG[KN F :1SGQ^CG[KN F ;
JNS^KFQF O ;
[G@^KFSB@ F ?
Cns kfhpns, n ümgkn qub hbrbkb uhf bxpigkfàën b JNS^KFQF bib jng bskniegcn mbstbjnrhftn (Ogmfry) pngs `ufrcfræ uhf ghf`bh OgtHfp (bxtbmsën .OHQ) cf Kfpf cn KC, tncns nsnutrns kfhpns sën kfrfktbrbs fijfmuhçrgkns, knh f bxkbàën cn KNC^CG[KN qub ç uh kfhpn Muhçrgkn b kefvb.
Qfrf bstf tfobif prbkgsfhns fgmcf krgfr uh èmcgkb sbkumcærgn, pfrf tfmtn mf npàën Sfoib
prnpbrtgbs< kefhb f npàën [bknmcfry Gmcbxbs b kigqub mn ontën Cbjgmb..., hfrqub mn kfhpn
Mnh^Cgskn (mf igstf Jgbics) b kigqub mn ontën n kfhpn pfssnu pfrf f igstf Gmcbxbc Jgbics,kigqub mn ontën ND b cg`gtb [G^MnhCgskn pfrf n mnhb cn gmcgkb b kigqub mn ontën ND .
Qfrf sfivfr suf tfobif kigqub mn ontën [fvb fs... mf npàën Mnhb cn Frqugvn< gmsgrf nmnhb cf tfobif - Ofsgkn.
Krgb f`nrf fs sb`ugmtbs tfobifs<
6. Kftb`nr
Jgbic Mfhb Sypb [gzb Dby
[G@^KFSB@ F ? *CB[^KFSB@ F 31
?. Husgkf
Jgbic Mfhb Sypb [gzb Dby
KNC^CG[KN M *
MRH^JFGUF M *
MNH^HR[GKF F :1
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
31
MNH^FRSN_ F 31
SHQ^HR[GKF F 3
Krgfmcn ns _bifkgnmfhbmtns vgf Bstruturf
Ns rbifkgnmfhbmtns bmtrb fs tfobifs pncbrgf tbr sgcn krgfcn mn hnhbmtn cf knmstruàëncfs hbshfs, hfs fkrbcgtn qub cbstb hncn sblf hfgs sghpibs, f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi, npàënJgib, npàën Npbm, b npàën Sfoib..., sbræ fobrtn uhf lfmbif knh tncfs fs tfobifs, kigqub mf tfobif
OF[GKN b suf bstruturf sbræ hnstrfcf, kigqub mn ontën _bstrukturb, nu f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi, npàën Sfoib, npàën _bstrukturb..., mf npàën Sfoib prnpbrtgbs< fitbrmb pfrf f npàën_bjbrbmtgfi Gmtb`rgty b kigqub mn ontën Cbjgmb..., mn ifcn bsqubrcn (Igstf Jgbics) cì uh cupinkigqub mn kfhpn [G@^KFSB@ b mn ifcn cgrbgtn (Igstf Sfoibs) cì uh cupin kigqub mf tfobifKFSB@N_.CO, kigqub mn ontën cb ND pfrf knmjgrhfr b sbræ snigkgtfcn n mnhb pfrf n èmcgkb.
Qfrf n mnhb cn èmcgkb krgb uh pfcrën cb JD^ + {mnhb cn kfhpn} + {mnhb tfobif pfg},uhf pfcrnmgzfàën cns mnhbs cns èmcgkbs jfkgigtf f prnkurf juturfhbmtb, bmtën pfrf n mnssn èmcgkb
krgb JD^[g`Kftb`^Ofsgkn.
Krgb f`nrf n nutrn rbifkgnmfhbmtn bmtrb f tfobif HR[GKF b OF[GKN knmjnrhb f jg`urffofgxn<
Sfhoçh ç pnssèvbi fkbssfr n Cftfofsb Cbsdtnp ftrfvçs cn èknmb inkfigzfcn mn`rupn cb trfofien CBIQEG .
Bmkbrrb n Cftfofsb Cbsdtnp b rbtnrmb fn Cbipeg, nu fpf`ub fs tfobifs b...
Krgfmcn n Ofmkn cb Cfcns vgf [VI
Qfrf ns jfmætgkns pnr cbkifrfàòbs [VI, vfhns krgfr f hbshf ofsb cb cfcns vgf [VI, sb
vnkì fgmcf mën n jbz, nosbrvb mn tûpgkn fmtbrgnr knhn kninkfr n FIGF[ mf ærbf cb trfofien. Gstnsbræ cb hugtf utgigcfcb qufmcn jnrhns sfivfr n mnssn trfofien.
Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi, npàën Jgib, npàën Mbw, b npàën [VI Jgib, sbræ hnstrfcf uhf lfmbif
pfrf sbr cg`gtfcf f cbkifrfàën [VI, nosbrvb mf ofrrf cb knhfmcns n ontën [bibkt Figfs, nu f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi npàën [VI/[bibkt Figfs..., fpbmfs nosbrvb qub f ærbf cb trfofien Pnrd læ bstæ sbibkgnmfcf, kigqub bh ND nu Kfmkbi sbh jfzbr mbmeuhf hncgjgkfàën, nosbrvb qub ntètuin cf lfmbif ç [VI Bcgtnr <PN_D<9Rmtgtibc=.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
36
Cg`gtb n sb`ugmtb mf lfmbif<
Krbftb Sfoib Ofsgkn(KNC^CG[KN Muhbrgk(3,1),
MNH^CG[KN ZfrKefr(:1),SGQ^CG[KN Kefr(;),
JNS^KFQF Oino(;,?),[G@^KFSB@ Kefr(?),Qrghfry Dby(KNC^CG[KN))4
Kigqub mn ontën _um [VI, nu mn hbmu [VI/_um [VI, nu fgmcf prbssgnmb J5,fpûs bxbkutfcn n knhfmcn f tfobif sbræ krgfcf. [fivb n [VI knh f npàën Jgib/[fvb (cg`gtbOF[GKN .[VI)
Forf mnvfs lfmbifs b krgb n rbstn cfs tfobifs<
Krbftb Gmcbx [G^MnhCgskn nm Ofsgkn (MNH^CG[KN)4 Krgfmcn n gmcgkb sbkumcærgn cf OF[GKN
Krbftb Sfoib KFSB@N_ Krgfmcn f Sfobif KFSB@N_([G@^KFSB@ Kefr(?),CB[^KFSB@ ZfrKefr(31),Qrghfry Dby([G@^KFSB@))4
Krbftb Sfoib HR[GKF Krgfmcn f tfobif HR[GKF(KNC^CG[KN Muhbrgk(3,1),
MRH^JFGUF Muhbrgk(?,1), MNH^HR[GKF ZfrKefr(:1), MNH^FRSN_ ZfrKefr(31),
SHQ^HR[GKF Kefr(3),Qrghfry Dby(KNC^CG[KN, MRH^JFGUF))4
N [VI pfrf n Qfrfcnx mën knmsb`ub bxbkutfr f krgfàën cb gmcgkbs rbjbrbmkgfgs (nu’Knmstrfgmts‘) bmtën pfrf krgfr bstb tgpn cb èmcgkb krgb-n ftrfvçs cf lfmbif cb bstruturf knmjnrhbhnstrfcn fmtbrgnrhbmtb.
Nosbrvfàòbs cf utgigzfàën cn [VI knh n cOfsb
Gmjbigzhbmtb n cOfsb mën supnrtf f kiæusuif Qrghfry Dby qub pbrhgtb f krgfàën cnsèmcgkbs hugtn hbmns f krgfàën cb kefvbs bstrfm`bgrfs. Vufmtn fs kefvbs bstrfm`bgrfs mën sb prbnkupb pngs n Cbipeg knmsb`ub hfmgpuifr rbifkgnmfhbmtns bmtrb fs tfobifs hbshn qub bifs mënbstblbh vgmkuifcfs.
Kfsn vnkì bstblf utgigzfmcn bstb tgpn cb ofsb ns pfssns pfrf fs krgfàòbs cfs tfobifs sën nshbshns hfs knrtb fs kiæusuifs Qrghfry Dby ç mbkbssærgn krgfr ns èmcgkbs sbpfrfcfhbmtb. Forfuhf mnvf cbkifrfàën [VI, gcìmtgkf f fmtbrgnr, b cg`gtb n sb`ugmtb mf lfmbif<
Krbftb Gmcbx QD^Rmgkf nm Ofsgkn (KNC^CG[KN)4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
3?
N knhfmcn knrrbtn pfrf bstb èmcgkb cbvbrgf sbr ’Krbftb Rmgqub Gmcbx QD^Rmgkf nmOfsgkn (KNC^CG[KN)4‘ hfs gstn prnvnkf uh brrn kninkfmcn qub mën ç pnssèvbi bstfcbkifrfàën, bmtën kninqub f kiæusuif RMGVRB ftrfvçs cf lfmbif cb bstruturf.
[b vnkì bsqubkbu cb ftgvfr n [bibkt Figfs kninqub ’Krbftb Gmcbx Knc^Cgskn nm’Ofsgkn.coj‘ (KNC^CG[KN)4‘
Fs nutrfs cbkifrfàòbs sën<
Krbftb Gmcbx [G^MnhCgskn nm Ofsgkn (MNH^CG[KN)4 Krgfmcn n gmcgkb sbkumcærgnKrbftb Gmcbx JD^[g`Kftb`^Ofsgkn nm Ofsgkn ([G@^KFSB@)4 Krgfmcn f kefvb bstrfm`bgrfKrbftb Gmcbx QD^Rmgkf nm Kftb`nr ([G@^KFSB@)4 Krgfmcn f kefvb prghærgfKrbftb Gmcbx JD^KncCgskn^Husgkf nm Husgkf (KNC^CG[KN)4 Krgfmcn f kefvb bstrfm`bgrf
N knhfmcn knrrbtn pfrf f krgfàën cf kefvb cupif cf tfobif HR[GKF sbrgf ’ KrbftbGmcbx Kev^Rmgkf nm Husgkf (KNC^CG[KN, MRH^JFGUF)4‘ hfs mnvfhbmtb ç prnvnkfcnuh brrn hnstrfmcn f ghpnssgogigcfcb cb bxbkuàën cn knhfmcn, bmtën krgb bstb èmcgkb ftrfvçs cf lfmbif cb bstruturf.
Ç jfkgihbmtb pbrkbogcn qub n CftfOfsb CbsdSnp ftç qub tbmtf kninkfr tncfs fs ofsbscb cfcns knhpftèvbgs knh f igm`uf`bh [VI, hfs gmjbigzhbmtb fgmcf mën jng mbstf vbrsën.
Qfrf fs tfobifs cn tgpn N_FKIB, GMSB_OF[B, [WOF[B b H[ [VI [brvbr f krgfàëncfs tfobifs pncbh sbr jbgtfs tfmtn pbin hncn cb bstruturf qufmtn pbifs cbkifrfàòbs [VI hfsibhorb-sb qub f fitbrfàën cfs hbshfs sû pncbræ rbfigzfr-sb ftrfvçs cn hncn cb cbkifrfàòbs [VI.Fqug vën fi`ums bxbhpins cbstfs cbkifrfàòbs<
Krbftb Sfoib HR[GKF Krgfmcn f tfobif HR[GKF
(KNC^CG[KN Muhbrgk(3,1),
MRH^JFGUF Muhbrgk(?,1), MNH^HR[GKF ZfrKefr(:1),SHQ^HR[GKF Kefr(3),Knmstrfgmt QD^Rmgkf Qrghfry Dby(KNC^CG[KN, MRH^JFGUF),Knmstrfgmt JD^KncCgskn^Husgkf Jnrbg`m Dby (Knc^Cgskn)
_bjbrbmkbs R[RF_GN^F@BMCF (Knc^ Cgskn))4
FISB_ SFOIB HR[GKF FCC MNH^FRSN_ ZfrKefr(31) Fcgkgnmf n kfhpn Mnh^Futnr
C_NQ SFOIB HR[GKF4 Bighgmf f tfobif HR[GKF
Bmkbrrb n Cftfofsb Cbsdtnp b rbtnrmb fn Cbipeg.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
3;
Kfpètuin GZ
Srfofiefmcn knh n Hbmu
Vufiqubr prnlbtn prbkgsf cb uh hbmu, jgkf hfgs prætgkn pfrf n mnssn usuærgn mfvb`frcbmtrn cb uh prnlbtn qufmcn bstb ç ighgtfcn pnr uh hbmu prgmkgpfi, gmgkgfrbhns n mnssn prnlbtnmn Cbipeg knh f krgfàën cn Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf.
Hbtbmcn f Hën mf Hfssf
F pfrtgr cbstb pnmtn, mnssf fuif sb trfmsjnrhf bh rbkbgtf cb onin, f ümgkf kngsf qub vnkì prbkgsf jfzbr b sb`ugr fs nrgbmtfàòbs pfssn f pfssn, mn prgmkèpgn pncb pfrbkbr hbgn gcgntf, hfsfjgmfi n knhputfcnr ç uhf hæqugmf gcgntf. Onh, vfhns bmtën hbtbmcn f hën mf hfssf.
Fn gmgkgfr n Cbipeg, jng krgfcn futnhftgkfhbmtb uh mnvn prnlbtn, vfhns cbskfrtæ-in bgmgkgfr uh mnvn. Qfrf tfmtn<6. Ibhorb-sb< mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr krgfhns n cgrbtûrgn qub forg`fræ n sgstbhf f sbr
cbsbmvnivgcn - K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN - fprbmcbhns n qub ç n Figfs bbstruturfhns fs mnssfs tfobifs, sb fi`uh cbstbs knmkbgtns jgkfrfh cgspbrsns bu iebfknmsbien qub rbtnrmb fn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr
?. Krgb uh mnvn prnlbtn cg`gtfmcn Jgib b Mbw Fppigkftgnm. (_bspnmcf mb`ftgvfhbmtbqufgsqubr hbmsf`bh pfrf `rfvfr n prnlbtn ftufi).
Krgfmcn f lfmbif cn hbmu
F lfmbif cn hbmu prgmkgpfi b obh sghpibs, knhn vnkì læ cbvb tbr vgstn bh værgnsfpigkftgvns n hbmu ç n nolbtn qub jgkf sbrvgmcn cb pfmn cb jumcn pfrf tncf f fpigkfàën, tncn ntrfofien b rbfigzfcn knh n fuxèign cb sufs kefhfcfs, bh knmlumtn knh n hbmu tbrbhns trìsjnrhuiærgns `brbmkgfcnrbs qub cfrbhns n mnhb cb<
J^Hbmu - Hbmu prgmkgpfi prnprgfhbmtb cgtn4
J^[norb - F lfmbif ’[norb n sgstbhf...‘4 b
J^Gmgkgn - Lfmbif [pifse qub gmgkgfræ n mnssn fpigkftgvn.
Zfhns krgfr gmgkgfihbmtb n mnssn hbmu prgmkgpfi<
6. Kigqub mn ontën (Hfgm Hbmu), inkfigzfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf[tfmcfrc , b kigqub cbmtrn cn nolbtn Jnrh6 (mën sb prbnkupb knh f pnsgàën, pngs bstbnolbtn jgkfræ gmvgsèvbi qufmcn n fpigkftgvn jnr bxbkutfcn).
Jng krgfcn mbstb hnhbmtn n nolbtn HfgmHbmu6 cbrgvfcn cf kifssb cb nolbtn SHfgmHbmu,f pfrtgr cbstb nolbtn vfhns krgfr mnssn hbmu<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
33
?. Cì uh cupin kigqub bh kghf cn nolbtn, nu kigqub mf prnprgbcfcb Gtbhs cf Nolbkt
Gmspbktnr fpfrbkbræ n ontën . Kigqub mbstb ontën.
Nosbrvb f tbif cb prnprgbcfcbs cn Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , mbstb hnhbmtn vnu hb knmtbr bhjfifr cfs hfgs sg`mgjgkftgvfs, hfs juturfhbmtb rbtnhfrbhns n fssumtn<
Kfptgnm - Cbjgmb n mnhb cn gtbh cb hbmu, qufgsqubr mnhbs sën væigcns, gmkiugmcnfkbmtns, n kfrfktbrb bspbkgfi ’&‘ cbvb sbr kninkfcn uhf ümgkf vbz, bib kfusf nsuoigmefcn cf ibtrf, tnrmfmcn-f uhf ibtrf (bh knmlumtn knh f tbkif Fit) cb fkbssn fnpàën.
Bmfoibc - Cbjgmb sb n gtbh bstæ cgspnmèvbi nu mën pfrf n usuærgn.
Mfhb - Mnhb gmtbrmn cn gtbh (kninkfcn futnhftgkfhbmtb mf bsknief cn Kfptgnm).
[enrtKut - Knhogmfàën cb tbkifs, pfrf uh ræpgcn fkbssn fn gtbh (fiçh cf ibtrf bskniegcfknh ’&‘).
Gmsbrgmcn ns gtbms gmgkgfgs<
6.
Cg`gtb ’&Frqugvn‘ mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm, bh sb`ugcf prbssgnmb f tbkif Bmtbr.?. Kigqub mn mnvn bspfàn fobrtn, krgfcn iftbrfihbmtb, b cg`gtb ’&Knmsuitf‘ mf
prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm, bh sb`ugcf prbssgnmb f tbkif Bmtbr.
;. Qrnkbcf cf hbshf jnrhf krgfmcn fs npàòbs< ’&_biftûrgn‘ b ’Fu&xèign‘.
3. Kigqub mf npàën Frqugvn, fpfrbkbræ uh bspfàn vfzgn fofgxn, kigqub mbstb bspfàn bcg`gtb ’&Sfobif‘ mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm. Fn sbr cfcn Bmtbr n Cbipeg krgfræ hfgsuh bspfàn fofgxn, cg`gtb ’&Kfcfstrn‘ mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm.
2. Fofgxn cn Kfcfstrn, cg`gtb ’-‘ (sgmfi cb hbmns) mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm (n Cbipeg krgfræ uhf ofrrf cb sbpfrfàën) b fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Bmfoibc pfrf Jfisb.
:. Mn mnvn bspfàn krgfcn, fpûs f ofrrf, cg`gtb ’&[fgr‘ mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm b fitbrb
f prnprgbcfcb [enrtKut pfrf Ktri+U .0. Kigqub mf npàën Sfobif, kigqub knh n ontën cgrbgtn cn hnusb, fpfrbkbræ uh hbmu
puiicnwm, kigqub mf npàën Krbftb [uohbmu.
5. Cg`gtb ’&Kftb`nrgf‘ mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm.
Knhpibtb ns prûxghns gtbms cb hncn qub n hbmu jgqub<
Frqugvn Knmsuitf _biftûrgn Fuxèign
Sfobif Kftb`nrgf KC‗s @brfi [norb n sgstbhf
Kfcfstrn Hüsgkf pnr KC‗s Kfpf cn KC Knmtbücn
[fgr Ktri+U Knmjg`urf Ghprbssnrf Sûpgkns cb Flucf
Knhn usfr f Flucf
[fgf cf lfmbif Hbmu Cbsg`mbr cg`gtfmcn Fit+J3, n hbmu læ bxgstb mn nolbtn jnrh6.
Fitbrb fs sb`ugmtb prnprgbcfcbs pfrf n nolbtn jnrh6<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib [gm`ib Bstgin cf onrcf cf lfmbif4 hncn sghpibs.
Kfptgnm Knhpfkt Cgsk Cg`gtfi Fucgn Ifobi bskrgtn mf tfrlf supbrgnr cf lfmbif.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
32
Kninr kiHbmu Knr cf lfmbif, kiHbmu ç uhf knmstfmtb qub `ufrcf f knr pfcrën cf lfmbif cbjgmgcn pbin usuærgn mn Pgmcnws.
Mfhb J^Hbmu Mnhb cn nolbtn gmtbrmn.
Pgmcnws[tftb wsHfxghgzbc Hncn cb fobrturf cf lfmbif, hncn Hfxghgzfcn.
[fivfmcn n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn<
6. [fivb n Jnrhuiærgn mfs npàòbs cb hbmu Jgib b [fvb (nu prbssgnmb Ktri+[), n Cbipeg qubstgnmfræ n mnhb b n cgrbtûrgn, n cgrbtûrgn (knmjnrhb krgfcn mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr) çn K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN b pfrf n mnhb cg`gtb jHbmu (mntb qub n mnhb bxtbrmnb n hbshn cn mnhb gmtbrmn cgjbrbmkgfcn pnr ’^‘, gstn jfkgigtfræ f gcbmtgjgkfàën cnjnrhuiærgn b cf suf umgcfcb).
?. [fivb n Qrnlbtn cg`gtfmcn Jgib b [fvb Qrnlbkt, sfivb n prnlbtn mn cgrbtûrgnK<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN knh n mnhb KCCF.
Krgfmcn mn hbmu uhf igmef cb stftus<
;. Kigqub mn ontën ([tftusOfr ) mf pæ`gmf Pgm72 cf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb b kigqubbh qufiqubr pnsgàën cn nolbtn J^Hbmu.
3. Kigqub mn nolbtn krgfcn [tftusOfr6 bh sb`ugcf kigqub mf prnprgbcfcb Qfmbis, pfrffitbrfr bstf prnprgbcfcb kigqub mn ontën , fpfrbkbræ f lfmbif cf [tftus Ofr QfmbisBcgtnr, kigqub snorb n ontën Mbw b pfrf f prnprgbcfcb Sbxt kninqub ’Obh vgmcn fnsgstbhf...‘ b kigqub mn ontën ND.
2. Fitbrb tfhoçh f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb cn nolbtn pfrf Igmef[tftus
Kfsn vnkì bstblb usfmcn n Cbipeg 6.1 krgb f ofrrf cb stftus cn sb`ugmtb hncn<
6. Kigqub mn ontën ( Qfmbi ) mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc b kigqub bhqufiqubr pnsgàën cn nolbtn J^Hbmu.
?. Kigqub mn nolbtn krgfcn [tftusOfr6 b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Fig`m fiOnttnh Figmefhbmtn cbmtrn cn jnrh, tncn mn rncfpç
Fig`mhbmt tfIbjtLustgjy Figmefhbmtn cf Kfptgnm, lustgjgkfcn á bsqubrcf
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
3:
ObvbiGmmbr ovInwbrbc Onrcf ;C gmtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
ObvbiNutbr ovInwbrbc Onrcf ;C bxtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
OnrcbrPgcte 6 Sfhfmen cf onrcf
Kfptgnm Obh vgmcn fn sgstbhf... Ifobi cn nolbtn
Mfhb Igmef[tftus Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Bstgin cfjnmtb< Mnrhfi, Sfhfmen< 5,Knr< Fzui Hfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn, pfrf fitbrfr bstf prnprgbcfcb kigqub mn ontën
Ebg`et ?? Fiturf cn nolbtn
Gmsbrgmcn ns Kûcg`ns Gmgkgfgs
Zfhns gmsbrgr n kûcg`n pfrf n nolbtn Igmef[tftus, bstb nolbtn rbkbobræ ns knmtbücns cf prnprgbcfcb egmt cns cgvbrsns nolbtns, jnrhfmcn fssgh uhf igmef cb flucf nm-igmb mf pfrtbgmjbrgnr cn hbmu.
Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf n Kncb Bcgtnr .
Fofgxn cf cbkifrfàën< Qrgvftb gmsgrf ns kûcg`ns<
prgvftb Qrnkbcurbs nu Jumàòbs Inkfgs.{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms } prnkbcurb [enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Kfobàfien cb uhf prnkbcurb Inkfi.
puoigk Qrnkbcurbs nu Jumàòbs Qüoigkfs.{ Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4 Jgmfi cf sbàën cb cbkifrfàën.
Fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën< {$_ *.CJH}
{$_ *.CJH} Cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën fssnkgfmcn n mnhb cnr bkursn bxtbrmn fn hbshn mnhb cn nolbtn Jnrh.
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Kfobàfien cf Qrnkbcurb fssnkgfcn fn mnhb cnob`gm nolbtn prgmkgpfi (SJ^Hbmu).
Igmef[tftus.Qfmbis.GtbhsT1X.Sbxt <8 Fppigkftgnm.egmt4 Ftrgoug n vfinr cn egmt cf fpigkfkën fn bmc4 Gtbh krgfcn cn nolbtn Igmef[tftus.
Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf n Jnrh kigqub mn nolbtn J^Hbmu b mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , cì uh cupin kigqub mnbvbmtn NmKrbftb.
6.
N Cbipeg krgnu f prnkbcurb JnrhKrbftb f sbr gmgkgfcf qufmcn n nolbtn J^Hbmu jnrkrgfcn.
?. Cg`gtb n sb`ugmtb knhfmcn fofgxn cn knhfmcn ob`gm<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.JnrhKrbftb ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.NmEgmt <8 [enwEgmt4 Ftrgoug n vfinr cf prnkbcurb [enwEgmt fn NmEgmt cf bmc4 fpigkfàën.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
30
Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf n Jnrh kigqub mn nolbtn HfgmHbmu6 b bmtrb mn Hbmu Cbsg`mbr , b pfrf kfcf npàën cb Hbmufitbrb fs prnprgbcfcbs egmt b mfhb cn sb`ugmtb hncn<
Npàën cn Hbmu Egmt Mfhb
Frqugvn Kfcfstrn b sfècf cn sgstbhf. Frqugvn6Sfobif Gmjnrhfàòbs oæsgkfs cn sgstbhf. Sfobif6Kftb`nrgf Sgpns cb kftb`nrgf pfrf ns KC‗s. GtbhSfobif6Kfcfstrn Gmkiusën b hfmutbmàën cns KC‗s. Kfcfstrn6[fgr [fècf cn sgstbhf b rbtnrmn fn Pgmcnws. [fgr6Knmsuitf Zbrgjgkfàën b pbsqugsf cns KC‗s kfcfstrfcns. Knmsuitf6KC‗s Inkfigzfàën cns KC‗s ftrfvçs cb uh jgitrn bstfobibkgcn. GtbhKnmsuitf6KC‗s pnr hüsgkf Inkfigzf n KC ftrfvçs cb uh tètuin cb uhf hüsgkf. GtbhKnmsuitf?_biftûrgn Bhgssòbs bh pfpbi cns KC‗s kfcfstrfcns. _biftnrgn6@brfi Ghprbssën cns KC‗s pnr uh gmtbrvfin cb kûcg`n. Gtbh_biftnrgn6Kfpf cn KC Ghprbssën cb kfpfs pfrf ns KC‗s. Gtbh_biftnrgn?Knmjg`urf Ghprbssnrf Zbrgjgkf f ghprbssnrf f qufi sbræ cbstgmfcn ns rbiftûrgns. KnmjGhprbssnrf6Fuxèign Jnrhfs cb flucf cgrbtf fn sgstbhf. Fuxgign6[norb n sgstbhf Flucf cgrbtf knh n rbspnmsævbi pbin cbsbmvnivghbmtn. GtbhFuxgign6Knmtbücn Hfmufi Nm-Igmb cgrbtn. GtbhFuxgign?Sûpgkns cb Flucf Bxgob ns tûpgkns cb flucf cn Hfmufi Nm-Igmb. GtbhFuxgign;Knhn usfr f Flucf Hnstrf knhn utgigzfr n Fuxèign Nm-Igmb. GtbhFuxgign3
[fgf cn Hbmu Cbsg`mbr , sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.
_ncb n prnlbtn, kigkfmcn mn ontën cf [pbbcOfr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën _um b_um, nu fgmcf, cg`gtb J7.
Sbstb fs npàòbs cn hbmu, vblf mf igmef cb [tftus ns egmts gmjnrhfcns, sfgf knh Fit+J3.
Kfsn vnkì bstblb usfmcn n Cbipeg 6.1 trnqub f prnkbcurb [enwEgmt pfrf<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Igmef[tftus.Kfptgnm <8 Fppigkftgnm.egmt4 Ftrgoug n vfinr cn egmt cf fpigkfkën f Qrnprgbcfcbbmc4 Kfptgnm cn nolbtn Igmef[tftus.
Gmgkgfmcn ns knhfmcns cn Hbmu
Knh n hbmu prnmtn, knhbàfrbhns f kncgjgkfr ns knhfmcns qub cgspnmgogigzfhns fnmnssn usuærgn<
Futnhftgzfmcn n Knhfmcn [FG_ < Mn nolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mf npàën Frqugvn b kigqub
mf npàën [fgr. N Cbipeg krgnu n bvbmtn Kigkd pfrf n nolbtn [fgr6.
Cg`gtb n sb`ugmtb knhfmcn fofgxn cn ob`gm<prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[fgr6Kigkd ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Kinsb4 prnpnrkgnmf n jbkefhbmtn cn jnrhuiærgn ftgvnbmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
35
Kninkfmcn ns knhfmcns pfrf n Fuxèign
N Cbipeg ghpibhbmtf n fuxèign nm-igmb cb hfmbgrf prætgkf b bjgkgbmtb, mën bmsgmfrbg fqugknhn knmstrugr uh frqugvn .EIQ, bxgstbh cgvbrsns fpigkftgvns qub læ n jfzbh futnhftgkfhbmtb bjgkf f sbu krgtçrgn n hncn cb krgæ-in, fpbmfs hnstrfrbg knhn ghpibhbmtæ-in bh sbu prnlbtn.
Kigqub mf npàën Qrnlbkt | Nptgnms... b mf pæ`gmf Fppigkftgnm inkfigzb n sbu frqugvn knhf npàën Ebip jgib, fprnvbgtb tfhoçh pfrf mnhbfr n prnlbtn, knh f npàën Sgtib b kninkfruh èknmb pfrf n prnlbtn, npàën Gknm (kigqub mn ontën Infc Gknm...) b fn tçrhgmn kigqubmn ontën ND .
Futnhftgzfmcn n Knhfmcn KNMSBÜCN< Mn nolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mf npàën Fuxèign bkigqub mf npàën Knmtbücn. Cg`gtb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu. GtbhFuxgign?Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^KNMSBMS[, 1)4 Kefhf n frqugvn cb Flucfbmc4
Futnhftgzfmcn n Knhfmcn SÛQGKN[ CB FLRCF< Mn nolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mf npàën
Fuxèign b kigqub mf npàën Sûpgkns cb Flucf. Cg`gtb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu. GtbhFuxgign;Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4knmst
Bhpty[trgm`< pKefr 8 ''4 Krgf uhf knmstfmtbob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^QF_SGFIDBW, Inm`Gmt(Bhpty[trgm`))4 Sûpgkns cn Flucfbmc4
Futnhftgzfmcn n Knhfmcn KNHN R[F_ F FLRCF< Mn nolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mfnpàën Fuxèign b kigqub mf npàën Knhn usfr f Flucf. Cg`gtb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu. GtbhFuxgign3Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
ob`gmFppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^EBIQNMEBIQ, 1)4 Kefhf n fuxèign cn Pgmcnws
bmc4
Vufmcn jbkefrhns f mnssf fpigkfàën b mbkbssærgn qub tfhoçh cbsftgvbhns n fuxèign, mnnolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mf pæ`gmf cb Bvbmts b kigqub mn bvbmtn Cbstrny. Cg`gtb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.JnrhCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
37
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^VRGS, 1)4 Cbsfogigtf n fuxèignbmc4
[fgf cn Hbmu Cbsg`mbr , sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.
_ncb n prnlbtn b tbstb fs npàòbs cn hbmu, sfgf knh Ktri+U nu utgigzb n knhfmcn [fgr.
Kfsn n J6 mën ftgvb n fuxèign Nm-Igmb, prnvfvbihbmtb n sbu hbmu bstæ knh f prnprgbcfcb Jnrh[tyib bh hncn jsHCGJnrh, kninqub-f mn hncn jsMnrhfi. [b hbshn fssghfgmcf mën jumkgnmnu, hucb f prnprgbcfcb EbipKnmtbxt cn jnrhuiærgn pfrf 6.
Fs pfifvrfs-kefvbs pfrf n knhfmcn EbipKnhhfmc sën<
Knhfmcn Cfcns Fàën
EBIQ^KNMSBUS Gmtbgrn inm`n, knmtbmcn n mühbrncn knmtbxtn.
Hnstrf n fuxèign f pfrtgr cb tûpgkn sbibkgnmfcngcbmtgjgkfcn f pfrtgr cn mühbrn cn knmtbxtncbjgmgcn pbif sbàën THFQX cn frqugvn .EQL
EBIQ^KNMSBMS[ G`mnrfcn. Mnrhfihbmtb pfssfcn 1. Hnstrf n knmtbücn cn prghbgrn tûpgkn cbjgmgcn pbif sbàën THFQX cn frqugvn .EQL
EBIQ^[BSKNMSBMS[ Gmtbgrn inm`n, knmtbmcn n mühbrncn knmtbxtn qub jng cbsg`mfcn knhntûpgkn cb knmtbücn.
Cbtbrhgmf f kefhfcf cn tûpgkn cbtbrhgmfcnftrfvçs cn usn cf tbkif J6
EBIQ^KNMSBUSQNQRQ Gmtbgrn inm`n, knmtbmcn n mühbrncn knmtbxtn.
Hnstrf uhf lfmbif Qnp-Rp knh uh tûpgkn pfrtgkuifr gmcbmtgjgkfcn pbin mühbrn cn knmtbxtncbjgmgcn pbif sbàën THFQX cn frqugvn .EQL
EBIQ^DBW Qnmtbgrn inm`n knhn uhf strgm`knmtbmcn n tûpgkn cbsg`mfcn.
Hnstrf uh tûpgkn pbsqugsfcn bh uhf igstf cb pfifvrfs kefvbs. Bstf pfifvrf kefvb cbvb sbrbxftfhbmtb n tbxtn prnkurfcn.
EBIQ^QF_SGFIDBW Qnmtbgrn inm`n knhn uhf strgm`knmtbmcn n tûpgkn cbsg`mfcn.
Hnstrf uh cbtbrhgmfcn tûpgkn ftrfvçs cb uhfigstf cb pfifvrfs kefvbs. [b f pfifvrf kefvb mën
jnr bmknmtrfcf pnsgkgnmf mf pfifvrf jnmìtgkfhfgs pbrtn.
EBIQ^HRISGDBW Qnmtbgrn inm`n pfrf uhf bstruturfcb SHRISGDBWEBIQ. Bstfbstruturf bspbkèjgkf cb kfrfktbrbs b
pfifvrfs kefvbs.
Hnstrf n tûpgkn gmcbmtgjgkfcn pbif pfifvrf kefvbnu uhf kefvb cf tfobif fitbrmfcf.
EBIQ^KNHHFMC Qnmtbgrn inm`n, knmtbmcn f hfkrn pfrf f bxbkuàën
Bxbkutf uh hfkrn ebip.
EBIQ^[BSPGMQN[ Qnmtbgrn inm`n pfrf uhf bstruturfcb SHRISGDBWEBIQ. Bstfbstruturf bspbkèjgkf knmtçh ntfhfmen b f pnsgàën cf lfmbif cnebip prghærgn nu f lfmbif sbkumcærgf
pfrf sbr hnstrfcn.
Hnstrf uh ebip cn wgmcnws knh uh hèmghn cbhbhûrgf, vfrgfmcn n tfhfmen b f pnsgàën cbfknrcn knh n cfcn pfssfcn.
EBIQ^JN_KBJGIB G`mnrfcn. Mnrhfihbmtb pfssfcn 1. Bxbkutf n PgmEbip hnstrfmcn n frqugvn cbfuxèign knrrglgcn.
EBIQ^EBIQNMEBIQ G`mnrfcn. Mnrhfihbmtb pfssfcn 1. Hnstrf n fuxèign cb knhn usfr n fuxèign.
EBIQ^VRGS G`mnrfcn. Mnrhfihbmtb pfssfcn 1. [nigkgtf n jbkefhbmtn cn fuxèign ftgvn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
21
Krgfmcn f lfmbif ’[norb n [gstbhf‘
Bh tncn n sgstbhf krgfcn pfrf n Pgmcnws© ç gmkiuècn uhf lfmbif ’[norb n [gstbhf‘, pnr
uhf onf rfzën! tncns ns nutrns sgstbhfs pfrf n Pgmcnws© pnssubh uhf, b qubh vfg qubrbrquborfr bstf hfrfvgiensf trfcgàën b krgfr uh sgstbhf sbh uhf lfmbif cbstfs >
Krgfr n prghbgrn jnrhuiærgn knh n Cbipeg mën ç uhf tfrbjf fssgh tën cgjèkgi, hfs pfrf pbrcbhns n hbcn gmgkgfi vfhns krgfr f FonutOnx (nu Kfgxf[norb), nosbrvb<
Krgfmcn b fitbrfmcn ns nolbtns
Qfrf krgfr n jnrhuiærgn f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., fpfrbkbræ f lfmbif cf Mbw Gtbhs (hfgs gmjnrhfàòbs rbtnrmb fn Kfpètuin GG) b kigqub mf pæ`gmf Jnrhs b mn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Fonut onx.
Fitbrb ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns (inkfigzb-ns ftrfvçs cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr )<
FonutOnx (kifssb SFonutOnx)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm [norb n sgstbhf Ifobi bskrgtn mf tfrlf supbrgnr cf lfmbif
Mfhb J^[norb Mnhb gmtbrmn cn nolbtn
Qrn`rfhGknm (kifssb SGhf`b)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Qgkturb Bsknief n OgtHfp cb suf prbjbrìmkgf Nolbtn ghf`bh
QrncuktMfhb (kifssb SIfobi)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm KCCF Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Hs [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn Gtæigkn, 65,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Zbrsgnm (kifssb SIfobi)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Zbrsën Obtf Sbstb Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Hs [fms [brgj, Gtæigkn, 5, Fzui Hfrgmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Knpyrg`et (kifssb SIfobi)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Knpyrg`et©
6772 - Mnhb cf Bhprbsf Ifobi cn nolbtnJnmt Hs [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Fzui hfrgmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Qfrf knmsb`ugr uh © prbssgnmb FIS+653 b uh ® prbssgnmb FIS+6:7.
Knhhbmts (kifssb SIfobi)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Knhpfkt Cgsk Cg`gtfi Fucgn - Kfcfstrn cb KC‗s Ifobi cn nolbtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
26
Jnmt Hs [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Bighgmb n nolbtn NDOuttnm (ontën cb ND), kigqub snorb bib b prbssgnmb Cbibtb, kigqub mn
nolbtn J^[norb b kigkd mn nolbtn OgtOtm , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi , b kigkd mnvfhbmtb mn J^[norb
Fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odND Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin ontën, futnhftgkfhbmtbsbræ fitbrfcn fs prnprgbcfcbs< Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Egmt _btnrmf fn hbmu prgmkgpfi Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cb uhf kfgxfcb flucf nm-igmb
Mfhb OutND Mnhb cn Nolbtn
Pgcte 7? Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
Cì uhf nr`fmgzfcf `brfi qufmtn f pnsgàën cns nolbtns pfrf vnkì pncbr tbr uhf gcçgf
knhpfrb n cbsbmen cn sbu jnrhuiærgn pfrf vbr sb mën jgknu jfitfmcn mfcf<
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn mfs npàòbs cb hbmu Jgib b [fvb (nu prbssgnmb Ktri+[), n Cbipeg qubstgnmfræ n mnhb b n cgrbtûrgn, n cgrbtûrgn ç n K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN b pfrf nmnhb cg`gtb j[norb (mntb qub mnvfhbmtb n mnhb bxtbrmn b n hbshn cn mnhb gmtbrmncgjbrbmkgfcn pnr ’^‘).
Fssnkgfmcn n jnrh ’[norb n [gstbhf‘ fn hbmu
Zfhns fssnkgfr n jnrh j[norb knh n jHbmu<
Futnhftgzfmcn n knhfmcn [NO_B N [G[SBHF< Mn nolbtn J^Hbmu, kigqub mf npàënFuxèign b mf npàën [norb n [gstbhf. N Cbipeg krgnu n bvbmtn Kigkd pfrf n nolbtn gtbhcn hbmu GtbhFuxgign6.
Cg`gtb n sb`ugmtb knhfmcn fofgxn cn ob`gm<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
2?
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
J^[norb.[enwHncfi4 Forb n Nolbtn J^[norb bh hncn Hncfi.bmc4
Fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën< {$_ *.CJH}
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs j[norb4 Rtgigzf f Rmgcfcb j[norb b tncns ns nolbtns cbpbmcbmtbs cbif.
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
[fgf cn Kncb Bcgtnr b sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.
_ncb n prnlbtn b tbstb n jnrhuiærgn [norb n [gstbhf, n hncn Hncfi mën pbrhgtgræ qubvnkì kigqub bh mbmeuh nutrn iu`fr ftç f jgmfigzfàën cbstf lfmbif, vnitb pfrf n hbmu knh
n ontën ND.
Mntb qub mën jng prbkgsn kninkfr mbmeuh kûcg`n pfrf qub fn prbssgnmfr n ontën ND njnrhuiærgn jnssb jbkefcn, gstn jng rbfigzfcn `rfàfs f npàën Dgmc, mn Cbipeg vnkì bmknmtrfrænutrns hncbins cb ontën pfcrën cn tgpn< Kfmkbif, [gh, Mën bmtrb nutrns.
Krgfmcn f lfmbif [pifse
F lfmbif [pifse ç tgcf knhn f hfgs ghpnrtfmtb cf fpigkfàën. Bstf lfmbif fpfrbkb uhf
ümgkf vbz (mn gmèkgn) curfmtb f bxbkuàën cn sbu sgstbhf gmjnrhfmcn fn usuærgn pfrf tbr pfkgìmkgfb f`ufrcfr trfmqùgifhbmtb bmqufmtn n sgstbhf ç kfrrb`fcn, ns jnrhuiærgns sën krgfcns, btk.
Bxgstbh værgns tgpns cb lfmbif [pifse. N tgpn hfgs knhuh ç fqubif qub hnstrf n mnhb cffpigkfàën, n futnr, f vbrsën, cgrbgtns futnrfgs (Knpyrg`et) b uhf ghf`bh nu èknmb qub gcbmtgjgkf ffpigkfàën. Ftrfvçs cf kfrfktbrèstgkf cb ebrfmàf cns nolbtns vfhns notbr jfkgihbmtb bstf lfmbif<
6. Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi sbibkgnmb f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., kigqub mf pæ`gmf KCCF b mfjg`urf bmtgtuifcf J^[norb.
Mbstb hnhbmtn vnkì notbvb uhf kûpgf cf lfmbif j[norb n prnoibhf ç qub f lfmbif j[pifse tbræ hbmns nolbtns qub f lfmbif j[norb, b pnr kfrfktbrèstgkf cb ebrfmàf n jgien sbhprb
cbvb supbrfr ns pfgs mumkf fn knmtrærgn, bmtën ç mbkbssærgn qub gmvbrtfhns fs cufs lfmbifs.
Hncgjgkfmcn n nolbtn J^[norb6. Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb cn J^[norb pfrf J^[pifse b f prnprgbcfcb
Onrcbr[tyib pfrf osMnmb.
?. Kigqub snorb nolbtn outND b cg`gtb Ktri+U, fkbrtb n tfhfmen cf lfmbif.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
2;
;. [fivb n jnrhuiærgn mfs npàòbs cb hbmu Jgib b [fvb Fs..., n Cbipeg qubstgnmfræ nmnhb b n cgrbtûrgn, n cgrbtûrgn ç n K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN b pfrf n mnhb cg`gtb j[pifse.
_bkrgfmcn n nolbtn J^[norb6. Kigqub mn nolbtn J^[norb6 b mntb qub futnhftgkfhbmtb bib fcqugrgu fs hncgjgkfàòbs
cn nolbtn j[pifse.
?. Fuhbmtb n tfhfmen cf lfmbif cb hncn f qub kfgof mnvfhbmtb n ontën cb ND b cg`gtbKS_I+Z, trnqub f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm cn OutND pfrf &ND .
;. Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Onrcbr[tyib cn jnrh pfrf osCgfin` b f prnprgbcfcbKfptgnm pfrf [norb n [gstbhf.
3. [fivb n jnrhuiærgn mfs npàòbs cb hbmu Jgib b [fvb (nu prbssgnmb KS_I+[), n Cbipeg qubstgnmfræ n mnhb b n cgrbtûrgn, n cgrbtûrgn ç n K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN b pfrf n mnhb cg`gtb j[norb (knmjgrhb f npbrfàën cb snobskrgtf).
Nr`fmgzfmcn n nolbtn j[pifse
6. F pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi kigqub bh Qrnlbkt | Nptgnms..., kigqub mf pæ`gmf Jnrhs bbmvgb n nolbtn J^[pifse (kigkfmcn snorb bib b kigqub mn ontën knh n sgmfi cb =) qubbstæ mf igstf Futn-krbftb jnrhs pfrf f igstf Fvfgifoib jnrhs (pfrf mën nkupfr bspfànbh hbhûrgf uhf lfmbif qub sû sbræ utgigzfcf uhf ümgkf vbz, krgfrbhns bstf lfmbif vgfknhfmcns), kigqub snorb n ontën ND .
?. Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi sbibkgnmb f npàën Zgbw b Qrnlbkt [nurkb (bstfhns f`nrffkbssfmcn n prn`rfhf prgmkgpfi qub knmtrnif tncfs ns nutrns jnrhuiærgns nu umgts).
;. Fpûs n knhfmcn ob`gm fcgkgnmb fs sb`ugmtbs igmefs<
J^[pifse <8 SJ^[pifse.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n jnrh knhn pfrtb cf fpigkfàën.J^[pifse.[enw4 Kefhf n jnrh cb hncn mën hncfi.
J^[pifse._bjrbse4 Hnstrf n jnrh b cbvnivb n knmtrnib pfrf ffpigkfàën.
3. Fmtbs cn knhfmcn Fppigkftgnm._um4 fcgkgnmb f igmef<
J^[pifse.Jrbb4 Igobrf n jnrh cf fpigkfàën.
[fgf cn Kncb Bcgtnr b sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.
_ncb n prnlbtn, qufiqubr prnoibhf knhpfrb knh n kûcg`n fofgxn<
prn`rfh KCCF4
usbs Jhbmu gm 'JHBMR.QF[' {J^Hbmu},J[norb gm 'J[NO_B.QF[' {J^[norb}4
{$_ *._B[}
ob`gm J^[pifse <8 SJ^[pifse.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4J^[pifse.[enw4J^[pifse._bjrbse4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
23
Fppigkftgnm.Gmgtgfigzb4Fppigkftgnm.EbipJgib <8 'K<Y[gstbhfYKfcCgsknY@ugf.eip'4Fppigkftgnm.KrbftbJnrh(SJ^Hbmu, J^Hbmu)4Fppigkftgnm.KrbftbJnrh(SJ^[norb, J^[norb)4J^[pifse.Jrbb4Fppigkftgnm._um4
bmc.
Znkì pncb hnvbr n knhfmcn [pifse[krbbm.Jrbb4 pfrf n bvbmtn Nm[enw cn jnrh J^Hbmu. Gstn jfræ knh qub f lfmbif [pifse sû cbsfpfrbàf qufmcn n hbmu jnr ftgvfcn.
Gmjbigzhbmtb pfrf ns usuærgns cn Cbipeg 6.1 bstf kfrfktbrèstgkf cb ebrfmàf mën efvgfsgcn ghpibhbmtfcf bmtën, jfz-sb mbkbssærgn f knmstruàën cf tbif j[pifse ftrfvçs cb uhf kûpgf cftbif j[norb knh f utgigzfàën cn knhfmcn [fvb Fs....
Krgfmcn n fkbssn f Ofsb cb CfcnsÇ obh vbrcfcb qub n mnssn sgstbhf sb bmknmtrf mf ofsb Qfrfcnx, hfs knhn bskrbvg mn
knhbàn cn trfofien knh n Cbipeg ç pnssèvbi hncgjgkfr n rbpnsgtûrgn cb cfcns sbh prbkgsfr fitbrfruhf sû igmef cn sgstbhf prncuzgcn.
Mn kfpètuin f rbspbgtn cfs tfobifs tfhoçh vghns f ghpnssgogigcfcb cb fi`uhfs fàòbs prncuzgcfs pnr kiæusuifs [VI mën sbrbh obh vgmcfs bh ofsb cb cfcns mën tntfihbmtbknhpftèvbgs knh f bstruturf cn [VI, bmtën sb jfz mbkbssærgn gcbmtgjgkfr uhf ofsb pfcrën cb uhfofsb [VI.
Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi gmsgrf n nolbtn CftfOfsb , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
FigfsMfhb FigfsCgskn Mnhb cn [gmómghn
CftfOfsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn ofmkn cb cfcns
Mfhb COCgskn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Gmsgrf f`nrf ns kûcg`ns qub pbrhgtgræ f fobrturf b n jbkefhbmtn cf ofsb cb cfcns<
Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf f Kncb Bcgtnr b inkfigzb n prnkbcghbmtn JnrhKrbftb fssnkgfcn fn bvbmtn NmKrbftb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gmFppigkftgnm.NmEgmt <8 [enwEgmt4COCgskn.Knmmbktbc <8 Srub4 Gmgkgf n Ofmkn cb Cfcns
bmc4
F pfrtgr cn prûxghn kfpètuin bmtrfrbhns rbfihbmtb mn qub n Cbipeg ç kfpfz knh tfobifs,hfs fmtbs, ç mbkbssærgn qub ns knmkbgtns bmsgmfcns fmtbrgnrhbmtb bstblfh obh jgxfcns, sb fi`uhfkngsf cbu brrfcf, rbibgf n kfpètuin, nu bmtën knmjgrf n kûcg`n cn J^Hbmu<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
22
umgt jHbmu4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, [ysRtgis, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Jnrhs, Cgfin`s,Hbmus, KnhKtris, COSfoibs, CO4
typb SJ^Hbmu 8 kifss(SJnrh)
HfgmHbmu6< SHfgmHbmu4Frqugvn6< SHbmuGtbh4Knmsuitf6< SHbmuGtbh4_biftnrgn6< SHbmuGtbh4Fuxgign6< SHbmuGtbh4Sfobif6< SHbmuGtbh4Kfcfstrn6< SHbmuGtbh4
M:< SHbmuGtbh4[fgr6< SHbmuGtbh4
GtbhSfobif6< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhKnmsuitf6< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhKnmsuitf?< SHbmuGtbh4Gtbh_biftnrgn6< SHbmuGtbh4Gtbh_biftnrgn?< SHbmuGtbh4
M6?< SHbmuGtbh4KnmjGhprbssnrf6< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhFuxgign?< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhFuxgign;< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhFuxgign3< SHbmuGtbh4
M63< SHbmuGtbh4GtbhFuxgign6< SHbmuGtbh4Igmef[tftus< S[tftusOfr4
COCgskn< SCftfofsb4prnkbcurb JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb [fgr6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb GtbhFuxgign?Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb GtbhFuxgign;Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb GtbhFuxgign3Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb JnrhCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb GtbhFuxgign6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb prnkbcurb [enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
puoigk { Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr J^Hbmu< SJ^Hbmu4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsj[norb4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
2:
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Igmef[tftus.Qfmbis.GtbhsT1X.Sbxt <8 Fppigkftgnm.egmt4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.NmEgmt <8 [enwEgmt4COCgskn.Knmmbktbc <8 Srub4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.[fgr6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
COCgskn.Knmmbktbc <8 Jfisb4Kinsb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign?Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^KNMSBMS[, 1)4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign;Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4knmst
Bhpty[trgm`< pKefr 8 ''4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^QF_SGFIDBW, Inm`Gmt(Bhpty[trgm`))4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign3Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^EBIQNMEBIQ, 1)4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.JnrhCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Fppigkftgnm.EbipKnhhfmc(EBIQ^VRGS, 1)4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
J^[norb.[enwHncfi4bmc4
bmc.
Kfsn n sbu sgstbhf mën sblf hg`rfcn pfrf mbmeuh ofmkn cb cfcns mn pfcrën [VI (cntgpn N_FKIB©, [WOF[B©,...) mën bxgstb mbmeuhf mbkbssgcfcb bh sb utgigzfr n nolbtnCftfOfsb, hfs f utgigzfàën nu mën cn nolbtn mën fjbtf n tbhpn cb fkbssn fn sgstbhf, bmtën pnrqub mën prbpfræ-in pfrf uhf bvbmtufi hucfmàf>
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
20
Kfpètuin Z
Lfmbif pfrf fs Sfobifs
Sfobifs prghærgfs cb gmjnrhfàën rbqubrbh bmtrfcfs cb cfcns sghpibs, mn mnssn kfsntbhns f tfobif cb kftb`nrgf, f krgfàën cb lfmbifs pfrf f suf hfmgpuifàën cb sbus cfcns mën ç uh ogken cb sbtb kfobàfs knhn vnkì vbræ f sb`ugr.
_bforgmcn n sbu Qrnlbtn
[b fssgh qub vnkì jgmfigznu n kfpètuin fmtbrgnr vnkì sfgu cn Cbipeg, prbkgsf f`nrfrbftgvfr n prnlbtn. Qfrf tfmtn<6. Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi kigqub bh Jgib b Npbm....
?. N sgstbhf cbsbmvnivgcn ç bmknmtrfcn mn cgrbtûrgn K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN, knhf bxtbmsën .CQ_ .
Mbstb hnhbmtn vnkì bstæ prnmtn pfrf n trfofien, vfhns krgfr f mnssf lfmbif<;. Kigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, hucb f pæ`gmf pfrf
Jnrhs b kigqub mn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Cftfofsb Jnrh, f`nrf sg`f fs tbifs<
6.N tgpn f sbr krgfcf.Jnrh Nptgnms< Krbftb f sghpib jnrhRhf lfmbif sghpibsCftf[bt Nptgnms< Krbftb f jnrh usgm` SSfoibs nolbktsRsfmcn n nolbtn tfobifOntën Mbxt.
?.F tfobif f sbr usfcf pfrf f lfmbif.Crgvb nr Figfs mfhb< FigfsCgskn Sfoib Mfhb< kftb`nr.coOntën Mbxt
;.Kfhpns f sbrbh gmsbrgcns
3.Jnrhfàën cns kfhpns
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
25
Ontën ’==’ Ontën Mbxt
ZbrtgkfiOntën Mbxt
2.Qnsgàën cns IfobisIbjt - F bsqubrcfOntën Mbxt
:.Knhpibtn@brf f tbif knhn jnrh prgmkgpfi - MënN Vub `brfr< Jnrh b CftfHncuibOntën Jgmgse
Fitbrfmcn fs Lfmbifs Krgfcfs
[b vnkì sb`ugu cgrbgtn fs nrgbmtfàòbs fmtbrgnrbs, bmtën vnkì bstæ knh uh obin prgmkèpgncb lfmbif bh sufs hëns. Cg`n uh obin prgmkèpgn pnrqub vnkì eæ cb knmknrcfr knhg`n qub f lfmbif `brfcf mën ç mbmeuh pnukn fhg`ævbi pfrf n mnssn usuærgn, prn`rfhfmcn eæ uh kbrtntbhpn knh n Cbipeg cbsknorg uh pfcrën cb lfmbif qub hbus usuærgns `nstfrfh, hfs vnkì pncbræjuturfhbmtb tfhoçh bmknmtrfr n sbu prûprgn pfcrën cb lfmbif, bmtën vfhns f fi`uhfs fitbrfàòbs<
[b vnkì bstæ utgigzfmcn n Cbipeg 6.1, f ümgkf cgjbrbmàf sbræ mns CftfHncuibs, mën sb prbnkupb kninqub tncfs fs gmstruàòbs bh uh ümgkn jnrhuiærgn.
CftfHncuibs >
Rhf cfs prgmkgpfgs mnvgcfcbs qub fknhpfmefh n Cbipeg ?.1 ç f pnssgogigcfcb cb krgfàëncb CftfHncuibs, bstfs lfmbifs bspbkgfgs jumkgnmfh knhn uhf bspçkgb cb rbpnsgtûrgn cb cfcns,mën sën vgsufigzævbgs bh tbhpn cb bxbkuàën. Ç pnssèvbi kninkfr bh uh ümgkn CftfHncuib tncn nhncbin rbifkgnmfi b tncns ns nutrns jnrhuiærgns cn sgstbhf fkbssfmcn-n.
Fkbssb gmgkgfihbmtb n nolbtn CftfHncuib6 pfrf fs fitbrfàòbs qub sb sb`ubh.
Hncgjgkfmcn fs Sfobifs b fs Ig`fàòbs
Ns nolbtn qub knmtçh fs tfobifs b fs ig`fàòbs cb tfobif sën nolbtns gmvgsèvbgs qufmcn nfpigkftgvn bstæ rncfmcn pnrtfmtn mën sb prbnkupb hugtn knh f pnsgàën qub bib nkupfr.
Sfobif mn Cbipeg bstæ knmtgcf mn nolbtn (Sfoib), bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, bstb nolbtn mën ç f tfobif bh sg, hfs uh pnmtbgrn pfrf f tfobif, pnrtfmtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
27
vnkì pncbræ usfr cupigkfàòbs cf hbshf tfobif, sbh qub gssn fjbtb f gmtb`rgcfcb cb sbu ofmkn cbcfcns.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cf Sfoib<6. Fitbrb mf prnprgbcfcb CftfOfsbMfhb, mnhb cn ofmkn cb cfcns OfsbCgskn, kfsn
vnkì mën bmknmtrb mf igstf n OfsbCgskn, forf n nolbtn J^Hbmu b tbmtb mnvfhbmtb.
?. Zbrgjgqub sb f prnprgbcfcb SfoibMfhb bstæ fpnmtfcf pfrf f tfobif< KFSB@N_.CO,rbtgrb n .CO (vgsfmcn f knhpftgogigcfcb knh nutrfs ofsbs)
;. Kninqub f prnprgbcfcb GmcbxJgbicMfhbs mn mnhb cn èmcgkb prghærgn cf tfobif.[G@^KFSB@.
3. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf SfoKftb`nr, nu sblf, Sfo + Mnhb cf tfobif bxtbrmn(sbh f suf bxtbmsën), gstn jfkgigtfræ f gcbmtgjgkfàën cf Sfoib b f qufi Cftf[nurkb qubbif pbrtbmkb..
2. Nutrf prnprgbcfcb gmtbrbssfmtb cf Sfoib ç Fktgvb, bif cbjgmb sb f tfobif bstæ nu mënftgvfcf pfrf n usn. Fitbrfrbhns bstf prnprgbcfcb vgf kûcg`n, pnrtfmtn mën sb prbnkupb hugtn knh bif mbstb gmstfmtb, n gcbfi b cbgxæ-if jfisb, g.ç gmftgvf.
Fs Ig`fàòbs cf Sfobif mn Cbipeg ç rbfigzfcf ftrfvçs cn nolbtn ( Cftf[nurkb),bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, bstb nolbtn jfz f ig`fàën cb suf tfobifbxtbrmf knh ns kfhpns cn jnrhuiærgn.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cn Cftf[nurkb<6. Mntb qub f prnprgbcfcb Cftf[bt bstæ knh n mnhb fitbrfcn (SfoKftb`nr), bstæ
prnprgbcfcb cbjgmb f tfoib nu qubry (jfibhns mbifs hfgs tfrcb) qub sbræ ig`fcf.
?. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf CsKftb`nr, nu sblf, Cs + Mnhb cf tfobif bxtbrmn(sbh f suf bxtbmsën), knhn cgtn fmtbs, gstn jfkgigtfræ f gcbmtgjgkfàën cn Cftf[nurkb bf qufi Sfoib bib pbrtbmkb.
Fitbrfmcn ns kfhpns cf tfobif
Ns kfhpns cf tfobif cbvbrën sbr fitbrfcns pfrf knmtbrbh fs krètgkfs, ibhorb-sb, nskfhpns prbsbmtbs mn CftfHncuib sën fpbmfs uhf ’hæskfrf‘ pfrf ns kfhpns cf tfobif.
Cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n SfoKftb`nr , sbræ fobrtf f lfmbif cn JgbicsBcgtnr .
Hfrqub n kfhpn [G@^KFSB@ b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CgspifyIfobi [g`if Mnhb cn kfhpn f sbr hnstrfcn mf tbif_bqugrbc Srub [b n kfhpn ç nu mën rbqubrgcn pfrf gmsbràën cb cfcns
mf tfobif
BcgtHfsd =FF414^ Krgf uhf hæskfrf cb bcgàën pfrf n kfhpn, pfrf fitbrfr
bstf prnprgbcfcb kigqub mn ontën
Nutrfs prnprgbcfcbs ghpnrtfmtbs f sbrbh ibvfcfs bh knmsgcbrfàën sën<
Fig`mhbmt< Figmefhbmtn cbmtrn cn kfhpn< Kbmtrfigzfcn, á bsqubrcf nu á cgrbgtf4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:1
CgspifyPgcte< Sfhfmen cn kfhpn cgspnmèvbi pfrf gmsbràën cb cfcns4
JgbicMfhb< Mnhb cn kfhpn mf tfobif, bxtbrmn4
Mfhb< Mnhb cn kfhpn cbmtrn cn jnrhuiærgn, gmtbrmn4
_bfcNmiy< [b ç uh kfhpn sû cb ibgturf4
[gzb< Sfhfmen cn kfhpn mf tfobif4 b
Zgsgoib< Kfhpn ç nu mën vgsèvbi.
Zblf hfgs nosbrvfàòbs snorb fs hæskfrfs mn fpìmcgkb B.
Hfrqub n kfhpn CB[^KFSB@ b fitbrb fpbmfs f prnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi pfrfCbskrgàën.
Srnqub f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb cn nolbtn CftfHncuib6 pfrf CH^Hncbin.
Zblf knhn jgknu f vgsën jgmfi cn nolbtn CH^Hncbin, sb`ub fofgxn<
Kncgjgkfmcn n CftfHncuib
Znkì læ cbvb tbr mntfcn qub pfrf n Cbipeg f bskrgtf cb kûcg`ns ç ofstfmtb rbcuzgcf b obhcgvgcgcf bmtrb ns bvbmtns b knh f krgfàën cns CftfHncuibs n kûcg`n fgmcf jgkf hfgs rbcuzgcn,cgjbrbmtbhbmtb pfrf ns usuærgns cb Cbipeg 6.1. Sncfs fs krètgkfs b knmtrnibs pfrf fs tfobifs jgkfrënmn CftfHncuib bmqufmtn qub n jnrhuiærgn sb prbnkupfræ knh n hfmusbfhbmtn cns kfhpns.
Kûcg`n pfrf bjbtgvfr fs hncgjgkfàòbs mf tfobif pfrf fs ofsbs [VI, kigqub mn ontën(Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç tbr f vgsën mnvfhbmtb pfrf n CH^Hncbin, cì uhkigqub sghpibs mn nolbtn SfoKftb`nr (hfrkfmcn-n) b mf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , mf pæ`gmf
Bvbmts, cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn FjtbrQnst<prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nrFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VI ob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 @rfvfmcn fs fitbrfàòbs cf tfobifJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 _bgmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:6
bmc4
N nolbtn qub knmtrnif n ofmkn cb cfcns jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt jHbmu bmtën ç mbkbssærgnjfzbr usn cbstf Rmgt, pfrf tfmtn gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsjHbmu4
Qfrf fs ofsbs cb jnrhftn [VI bxgstbh trìs cbkifrfàòbs oæsgkfs<
6. [tfrtSrfmsfktgnm - Gmgkgf uh oinkn cb knmtrnib pfrf fs cbkifrfàòbs4
?. Knhhgt - Sbrhgmf n oinkn cb knmtrnib `rfvfmcn fs fitbrfàòbs jbgtfs mfs tfobifs4 b
;. _niiOfkd - Sbrhgmf n oinkn cb knmtrnib kfmkbifmcn qufgsqubr hncgjgkfàòbs jbgtfsmfs tfobifs.
Knmtrnifmcn f cupigkfàën cns Kfhpns-Kefvb
Ç fknmsbieævbi mën pbrhgtgr qub n usuærgn cupigqub ns kûcg`ns cb kftb`nrgf, pfrf tfmtn<6. Krgb uh mnvn nolbtn Sfoib knh fs hbshfs prnprgbcfcbs cn nolbtn SfoKftb`nr
(kigqub snorb n nolbtn b cg`gtb Ktri+K b Ktri+Z, bighgmb fs rbjbrìmkgfs fns bvbmtns),fitbrfmcn f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf SfoKftb`nrKnmj.
?. Mn nolbtn SfoKftb`nr[G@^KFSB@, inkfigzb-n ftrfvçs cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , cì uhcupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn NmZfigcftb
prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr[g`^Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Kftb`nr[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm Zbrgjgkf sb n hncn ç cb gmsbràën nu bcgàën cb cfcnsgj SfoKftb`nrKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoKftb`nr[G@^KFSB@X) tebm Qbsqugsf n kfhpn cg`gt.mf tfo.krgfcfob`gm J^Kftb`.Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.[btJnkus4 Fitbrf f pnsgàën cn kursnr pfrf n nolbtn Bcgt[G@^KFSB@ rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('[g`if cf kftb`nrgf cupigkfcn'#61+ Kfsn læ bxgstf hnstrf
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4 hbmsf`bh cb brrnbmc4
bmc4
Mntb qub bxgstb uhf rbjbrìmkgf pfrf n nolbtn J^Kftb` ([bræ n jnrhuiærgn cb Kftb`nrgf) prbkgsfhns bmtën jfzbr usn cb suf Rmgt, pfrf tfmtn kninqub-f fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }jKftb`4 { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs }
F cbkifrfàën #61, jumkgnmf knhn uh Bmtbr cbmtrn cf hbmsf`bh, gstn jfræ knh qubbstf hbmsf`bh tbmef cufs igmefs.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:?
N sb`umcn nolbtn Sfoib jng krgfcn pngs f prghbgrf tfobif bstfræ bh hncn cb bcgàën nugmsbràën cb rb`gstrns b mën pncbræ sbr cbspnsgkgnmfcf pfrf f vbrgjgkfàën, bmtën f vbrgjgkfàën sb nrb`gstrn bxgstb sbræ jbgtf mbstb sb`umcn nolbtn.
N knhfmcn rfgsb ghpbcb qub n rb`gstrn cupigkfcn sblf fcgkgnmfcn mf tfobif, mn hncnrum-tghb bstb knhfmcn prnvnkfræ uh brrn cb kifssb bxkbptgnm qub trfvfræ n prnlbtn, mën sb prbnkupb, cg`gtb J7 b prnssg`f knh ns tbstbs, qufmcn n prnlbtn jnr knhpgifcn b rncfcn ftrfvçs cn.BUB n brrn mën trfvfræ n prnlbtn hnstrfmcn snhbmtb f hbmsf`bh cbjgmgcf.
Rh üitghn cbtfieb pfrf n CftfHncuib qub tbhns qub prbvbr qub f kfcf mnvn rb`gstrn nkursnr cbvb sb pnsgkgnmfr mn prghbgrn kfhpn cn rb`gstrn, pfrf n gmèkgn cf cg`gtfàën<6. Hfrqub n nolbtn SfoKftb`nr , b cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn NmMbw_bknrc<
prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nrMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
J^Kftb`.Bcgt[g`^Kftb`.[btJnkus4 Fitbrf f pnsgàën cn kursnr pfrf n nolbtn Bcgt[g`^Kftb bmc4
Jgmfigzfmcn n CftfHncuib
[fivb n CftfHncuib knh n mnhb cb CHHncbin. Knmjgrf n kûcg`n knhpibtn pfrf n CftfHncuib<
umgt CHHncbin4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, Pgmcnws, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Jnrhs, Cgfin`s, CO, COSfoibs4
typb SCH^Hncbin 8 kifss(SCftfHncuib)
SfoKftb`nr[g`^Kftb`< S[trgm`Jgbic4SfoKftb`nrCbs^Kftb`< S[trgm`Jgbic4C[Kftb`nr< SCftf[nurkb4SfoKftb`nr< SSfoib4SfoKftb`nrKnmj< SSfoib4[trgm`Jgbic6< S[trgm`Jgbic4[trgm`Jgbic?< S[trgm`Jgbic4prnkbcurb SfoKftb`nrFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4prnkbcurb SfoKftb`nr[g`^Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4prnkbcurb SfoKftb`nrMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4
prgvftb
{ prgvftb cbkifrftgnms } puoigk
{ puoigk cbkifrftgnms } bmc4
vfr CH^Hncbin< SCH^Hncbin4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:;
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }
jKftb`4 { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs }
prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nrFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm ob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
bmc4bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr[g`^Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Kftb`nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm gj SfoKftb`nrKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoKftb`nr[G@^KFSB@X) tebm
ob`gm J^Kftb`.Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.[btJnkus4rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('[g`if cf kftb`nrgf cupigkfcn'#61+
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4bmc4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nrMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
J^Kftb`.Bcgt[g`^Kftb`.[btJnkus4bmc4
bmc.
Knhfmcns b sufs jumàòbs, pnr nrcbh cb fpfrgàën<
Rsbs - Jfz n usn cb cbtbrhgmfcf umgcfcb cb prnkbcghbmtns b ogoigntbkf cb jumàòbs.
TCftf[nurkbX.[tftb - Cbjgmb n bstfcn bh qub sb bmknmtrf cbtbrhgmfcn nolbtn Cftf[nurkb.
TNolbtnX.[btJnkus - Qnsgkgnmf n kursnr mn nolbtn cbjgmgcn.
rfgsb - Krgf uh brrn cb kifssb bxkbptgnm qub mën pbrhgtgræ qub qufiqubr nutrf fàën prnssg`f ftç f hbshf sbr rbsnivgcf.
Fitbrfmcn n Jnrhuiærgn
Knh n CftfHncuib knmkiuècn vfhns ftfkfr f lfmbif qub sbræ hnstrfcf pfrf n mnssnusuærgn, kefhb nolbtn Jnrh? (kefhb-n ftrfvçs cf Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br - npàën cn hbmu Zgbw |Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br).
Fmtbs cb jfzbrhns qufgsqubr hncgjgkfàën vfhns gmgkgfihbmtb fitbrfr n mnhb cf lfmbif, pfrf tfmtn prbssgnmb f tbkif J66 (fpfrbkbræ f Nolbkt Gmspbktnr pfrf n nolbtn Jnrh?) fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf J^Kftb`.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:3
Nutrf hncgjgkfàën ghpnrtfmtb b trnkfr f rbjbrìmkgf cn knhfmcn Rsbs fofgxn cf cgrbtgvfcb knhpgifàën qub bstfvf rbjbrbmkgfcn fn fmtg`n mnhb cn nolbtn CftfHncuib (Rmgt6), trnqub-n pfrf<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs
CHHncbin4 { _bjbrbmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
Hncgjgkfmcn ns Ifobis b Kfhpns
Ns Ifobis, rbprbsbmtfcns pbin nolbtn ( Ifobi ), bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc , sën fs btgqubtfs cb kfcf kfhpn qub fpfrbkb f bsqubrcf cns kfhpns.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cns Ifobis<6. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm cb [G@^KFSB@ b CB[^KFSB@ pfrf ’&[g`if<‘ b
’&Cbskrgàën<‘, rbspbktgvfhbmtb.
?. Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Jnmtb cb fhons pfrf H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5 b Kfstfmen4b f prnprgbcfcb Futn[gzb pfrf Srub.
Qfrf sbibkgnmfr sghuitfmbfhbmtb værgns nolbtns, hfrqub n prghbgrn nolbtn, sb`urb ftbkif [EGJS b hfrqub ns cbhfgs.
Vufiqubr prnoibhf pfrf cghbmsgnmfr n tfhfmen cb nolbtns usb f tbkif [EGJS + [btfs.
Vufiqubr prnoibhf pfrf fkbrtfr f pnsgàën cb nolbtns usb f tbkif KS_I + [btfs.
Rhf prnprgbcfcb gmtbrbssfmtb ç f JnkusKnmtrni bif gmcgkfræ uh knmtrnib pfrf f pnsgàën cn kursnr. Bx.< Kfsn sblf cg`gtfcn FIS+[ n kursnr sb pnsgkgnmfræ mn nolbtnBcgt[g`^Kftb` nu Kfsn sblf cg`gtfcn FIS+C n kursnr sb pnsgkgnmfræ mn nolbtn BcgtCbs^Kftb .
Ns Kfhpns cb Bcgàën, rbprbsbmtfcns pbin nolbtn ( COBcgt ), bmknmtrfcn mfKnhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis, sën ns qub rbkbobrën n knmtbücn cns kfhpns cftfobif.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cn kfhpn Kûcg`n<6. Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Jnmtb (cb fhons ns kfhpns) pfrf H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5
b fzui hfrgmen.?. Zbrgjgqub fs prnprgbcfcbs Cftf[nurkb b CftfJgbic, mnhb cf ig`fàën knh CH^
Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr b n mnhb cn kfhpn [g`^Kftb`, rbspbktgvfhbmtb.
;. F prnprgbcfcb Mfhb, mnhb cn kfhpn, ç hnmtfcf knh Bcgt + Mnhb bxtbrmn cnkfhpn. Bcgt[g`^Kftb`.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cn kfhpn Cbskrgàën<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:2
3. Zbrgjgqub fs prnprgbcfcbs Cftf[nurkb b CftfJgbic, mnhb cf ig`fàën knhCH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr b n mnhb cn kfhpn Cbs^Kftb`, rbspbktgvfhbmtb.
2. F prnprgbcfcb Mfhb, mnhb cn kfhpn, ç hnmtfcf knh Bcgt + Mnhb bxtbrmn cnkfhpn. BcgtCbs^Kftb`.
Nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr
N nolbtn pfrf n knmtrnib cf tfobif, rbprbsbmtfcf pbin nolbtn ( COMfvg`ftnr ),bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis, b fprbsbmtfcf pór uhf ofrrf cbjumàòbs qub ig`fcf fn Cftf[nurkb knmtrnif f mfvb`fàën cns kfhpns, fcgàën cb mnvns rb`gstrns,bcgàën b bxkiusën cb rb`gstrns, n kfmkbifhbmtn nu f knmjgrhfàën cb uhf hncgjgkfàën b fftufigzfàën cn ofmkn cb cfcns (qufmcn bh rbcb)<
Fprbsbmtfcf pbins ontòbs< moJgrst (prghbgrn), moQrgnr (fmtbrgnr), moMbxt (prûxghn),moIfst (üitghn), mcGmsbrt (gmsbrgr), mcCbibtb (bxkiugr), moBcgt (bcgtfr), moQnst (knmjgrhfr),moKfmkbi (kfmkbifr) b mo_bjrbse (ftufigzfr cfcns).
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cf ofrrf cb mfvb`fàën<6. Knmjgrf f prnprgbcfcb Cftf[nurkb vbrgjgkfmcn pfrf n mnhb cf ig`fàën knh
CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr
?. F prnprgbcfcb KnmjgrhCbibtb jfræ knh sblf bxgogcf uhf hbmsf`bh, knmjgrhfmcnnu mën f bxkiusën.
;. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Egmts, kigkfmcn bh , cg`gtb n mnhb cb kfcf ontën cn sb`ugmtbhncn<
QrghbgrnFmtbrgnrQrûxghnÜitghnGmsbrgrBxkiugrBcgtfrKnmjgrhfrKfmkbifrFtufigzfr cfcns
3. Kigqub mn ontën ND b fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb [enwEgmt pfrf trub, gstn jfræ knh qub
bhofgxn cb kfcf ontën cf ofrrf, snorbpnstn pbin kursnr, sblf hnstrfcn uhf kfgxfknhn uhf tfrlf fhfrbif knh f knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb Egmt.
2. Znkì pncbræ cbjgmgr qufgs ontòbs cbvbrën fpfrbkbr mf ofrrf utgigzfmcn f prnprgbcfcbZgsgoibOuttnms, pfrf tfmtn kigqub mn sgmfi cb + qub fpfrbkb f bsqubrcf cf npàën bcbjgmf trub nu jfisb pfrf ns ontòbs qub sbrën nu mën hnstrfcns.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
::
Hncgjgkfmcn ns Qfgmbgs
Bxgstbh cngs nolbtns Qfmbi krgfcns futnhftgkfhbmtb< n prghbgrn supbrgnr, forg`f n nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr , n sb`umcn nkupfmcn n rbstfmtb cf lfmbif, forg`f uh nolbtn cn tgpn [krniiOnx,ifobis b kfhpns.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cn prghbgrn pfgmbi<6. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Fig`mhbmt, figmefhbmtn cf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm cn pfgmbi,
pfrf tfIbjtLustgjy.
?. Kninqub mf prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm n mnhb Kftb`nrgf.
;. Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Jnmtb pfrf H[ [fms [brgj, Gtæigkn, 63 b fzui hfrgmen.
Frruhb f ofrrf cb mfvb`fàën cb hncn qub mën kuorf f cbskrgàën, sb jnr n kfsnfuhbmtb n tfhfmen cf lfmbif.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cn sb`umcn pfgmbi<
6. Fuhbmtb nu cghgmuf n tfhfmen cf lfmbif b mntb qub bstb pfgmbi cghgmub b fuhbmtfknh bif, gstn sb cbvb f prnprgbcfcb Fig`m bstfr mn hncn fiKigbmt, fitbrb bstf prnprgbcfcb (tbhpnrfrgfhbmtb) pfrf fiMnmb.
Qfrf knmsb`ugr vbr f tbif cb prnprgbcfcbs cbstb pfgmbi, kigqub bh qufgsqubr cfs onrcfs, pngs snorb bstb pfgmbi bxgstb uh nutrn nolbtn cbmnhgmfcn [krniiOnx tfhoçh mn hncn fiKigbmt.
Hncgjgkfmcn f Lfmbif
F lfmbif bstæ uh pnukn bsknmcgcf ftræs cns nolbtns pfgmçgs krgfcns, fpûs fitbrfr f prnprgbcfcb Fig`m cn sb`umcn pfgmbi, bstgqub uh pnukn f lfmbif pfrf ofgxn b kigqub mbif.
Fitbrfmcn fs prnprgbcfcbs cf lfmbif<6. _btgrb fs npàòbs ogHgmghgzb b ogHfxghgzb cf prnprgbcfcb OnrcbrGknms.
?. Fitbrb mf prnprgbcfcb Onrcbr[tyib pfrf os[gm`ib.
;. Hucb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm pfrf Sfobif.
3. [b vnkì mën n jbz, hucb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf J^Kftb`, nu sblf J^ + Mnhb cftfobif bxtbrmn (sbh f suf bxtbmsën), gstn jfkgigtfræ f gcbmtgjgkfàën bmtrb n jnrh b sufumgt .
2. Zbrgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb Qnsgtgnm (pnsgàën cf lfmbif) bif cbvb bstfr knh n vfinr[krbbmKbmtbr (kbmtrfigzfcn).
:. [fivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb jKftb` b sfivb n prnlbtn.
Krgfmcn n tbrkbgrn Qfgmbi
Krgfrbhns f`nrf uh tbrkbgrn pfgmbi pfrf knhpnrtfr fi`ums ontòbs
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:0
Krgfmcn b fitbrfmcn n pfgmbi<
6. Krgb uh nolbtn Qfmbi , kigqub mn nolbtn ( Qfmbi ), bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt
Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc , b kigqub mn nolbtn J^Kftb` , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr CbskrgàënFig`m fiOnttnh Figmefhbmtn cbmtrn cn jnrh, tncn mn rncfpç
Kfptgnm Ifobi cn nolbtn
Ebg`et 36 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Ns ontòbs qub krgfrbhns jfrën cufs jumàòbs< 6.[fgr cf lfmbif b ?.Inkfigzfàën ræpgcf cbuh cbtbrhgmfcn rb`gstrn.
Krgfmcn n prghbgrn ontën<
6. Hfrqub n nolbtn pfmbi; krgfcn, kigkd mn nolbtn OgtOtm , bmknmtrfcn mfKnhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi , b kigkd mn pfmbi;.
?. Fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs pfrf n ontën<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odKinsb Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin ontën,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbræ fitbrfcn fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Kfptgnm &Jbkefr Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn, pfrf fitbrfr bstf
prnprgbcfcb kigqub mn ontën
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf
Egmt _btnrmf fn hbmu prgmkgpfi Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Ibjt ;6? Figmefhbmtn f bsqubrcf Mfhb OutJbkefr Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Pgcte 57 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
Krgfmcn n sb`umcn ontën<
6. Krgb uh sb`umcn ontën, fitbrfmcn fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm &Inkfigzfr Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJGMC.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Inkfigzf cbtbrhgmfcn rb`gstrn mf tfobif Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Ibjt ?3 Figmefhbmtn f bsqubrcf
Mfhb OutInkfigzfr Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhfcb uhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:5
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Pgcte 57 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
Fitbrfmcn mnvfhbmtb fs prnprgbcfcbs cn sb`umcn pfgmbi<6. _bkninqub f prnprgbcfcb Fig`m cn nolbtn Qfmbi? pfrf fiKigbmt b [fivb n jnrh b n
prnlbtn.
[bu trfofien jgmfi cbvb tbr jgkfcn cbstb hncn<
Qrn`rfhfmcn mn jnrhuiærgn
F`nrf vbh f pfrtb cb kûcg`n. Fn jgmfi cbstb tûpgkn vnkì nosbrvfræ qub n trfofien hfgnrjgknu pór knmtf cb nr`fmgzfr b frruhfr ns nolbtns cn qub knh n kûcg`n bh sg, g.b., nrgbmtfàën fnolbtns.
Qrbsbrvfmcn fs ærbfs cb HbhûrgfKnh n Cbipeg ç pnssèvbi trfofiefr cb cufs hfmbgrfs, f prghbgrf ç pbrhgtgr qub n Cbipeg
krgb tncns ns nolbtns bh hbhûrgf f`ufrcfmcn sghpibshbmtb qub bstbs sblfh kefhfcns, hfs gstnghpigkf qub f hæqugmf Kigbmt cbvf tbr uhf onf qufmtgcfcb cb hbhûrgf pfrf supnrtfr ns nolbtnsqub sbrën fig kninkfcns, f sb`umcf hfmbgrf b krgfrhns bstbs nolbtns vgf kûcg`n pbrhgtgmcn qub n Cbipeg krgb n hèmghn pnssèvbi, n prnoibhf qub gstn ghpigkf b mf cbhnrf qufmtn cf kefhfcf cbuh jnrhuiærgn, bh hçcgf 21 sb`umcns pfrf ftgvfr n jnrhuiærgn6. Ç prbjbrèvbi trfofiefr knh nsb`umcn hncn uhf vbz qub pfrf bmtrfr bh cbtbrhgmfcn jnrhuiærgn n mnssn usuærgn sû n jfræ uhfümgkf vbz.
Gmgkgfihbmtb rbtgrfrbhns cf ærbf cb krgfàën futnhætgkf n jnrhuiærgn cb kftb`nrgf b n
jnrhuiærgn [norb n sgstbhf, pfrf tfmtn, f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi kigqub bh Qrnlbkt | Nptgnms...,kigqub mf pæ`gmf Jnrhs b bmvgb mn nolbtns J^Kftb` b J^[norb (kigqub snorb n prghbgrn, sb`urb ftbkif [egjt b kigqub mn sb`umcn b mn tbrkbgrn b bh sb`ugcf kigqub mn ontën knh n sgmfi cb =) qubbstæ mf igstf Futn-krbftb jnrhs pfrf f igstf Fvfgifoib jnrhs, kigqub snorb n ontën ND (prnkbssnsbhbiefmtb jng rbfigzfcn pfrf n jnrhuiærgn J^[pifse).
6 Bstb tbhpn ç knh ofsb bh uhf hæqugmf 35: CU? knh 5 Ho cb hbhûrgf.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
:7
Fitbrb f`nrf f gmstruàën cn jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu, bvbmtn NmKigkd pfrf n nolbtnGtbhFuxgign6, pfrf krgfrhns n nolbtn J^[norb b fpûs f suf kefhfcf cbstruè-in cf ærbfcb hbhûrgf<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
wgte SJ^[norb.Krbftb([bij) cn Krgf n jnrhuiærgn bh hbhûrgf
ob`gm [enwHncfi4 Kefhf n jnrhuiærgn ftrfvçs cf ærbf fobrtfJrbb4 Igobrf f ærbf fobrtf
bmc4bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf ftgvfr f Ofsb cb cfcns b fs tfobifs qufmcn mn CftfHncuib, rbtnrmb fnjnrhuiærgn J^Kftb`<
6. Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf n Kncb Bcgtnr .
prnkbcurb JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb{ prgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk{ puoigk cbkifrftgnms }
prnkbcurb gmgkgn4 Krgfmcn f kefhfcf pfrf uh prnkbcghbmtn püoigkn. bmc4
vfrJ^Kftb`< SJ^Kftb`4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
01
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsJHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }
CHHncbin4 { _bjbrbmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
prnkbcurb SJ^ Kftb`.Gmgkgn4 Gmgkgn cn prnkbcghbmtnob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VIJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 Gmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.Npbm4 Ftgvf f Sfobif[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4 Jfz n kursnr jgkfr mn jnrhftn cb [btf[enwHncfi4 Hnstrf n jnrhuiærgn J^Kftb`
bmc4
F prnprgbcfcb kursnr mn bxbhpin jng ftrgouècf f umgcfcb [krbbm qub ftrgoug fnsgstbhf n hncbin cn kursnr, hfs ç pnssèvbi tfhoçh ftrgougr uh cbtbrhgmfcn kursnr f uh nolbtnbspbkèjgkn, f prnprgbcfcb pncb sbr fitbrfcf pfrf ns cgvbrsns tgpns cb kursnrbs cbjfuit cn wgmcnwsknh fs jg`urfs qub sb sb`ubh<
Mën ç mbkbssærgn kninkfr n knhfmcn Kinsb pfrf n nolbtn outJbkefr pngs f prnprgbcfcbDgmc jfræ gstn futnhætgkn.
Kûcg`n pfrf bmkbrrfr fs tfobifs cn CftfHncuib qufmcn jnr cfcf sfècf mn jnrhuiærgn,nosbrvb qub n usuærgn mën cbvb pncbr bstfr gmsbrgmcn nu bcgtfmcn rb`gstrns<6. Mn nolbtn J^Kftb` , inkfigzb-n ftrfvçs cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n
bvbmtn NmKinsb<prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm Zbrgjgkf sb n bstfcn cn nolbtnob`gm Cftf[nurkb ç Bcgàën nu gmsbràën
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmsbràën) cf Kftb`nrgf fmtbs cb jbkefr!', hnstrf hbmsf`bhhtGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4 cb gmjnrhfàën
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4 Kfmkbif f sfècf cf lfmbif
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
06
Bxgt4 [fg cf prnkbcurbbmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Jfz n kursnr vgrfr uhf fhpuiebtfSfoKftb`nr.Kinsb4 Jbkef f tfobifgj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VI
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 Bmkbrrf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs `rfvfmcnbmc4 fs fitbrfàòbs mn ofmkn cb cfcns
F jumàën Hbssf`bCi` jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt Cgfin`s bmtën ç mbkbssærgn jfzbr usn cbstfRmgt, pfrf tfmtn gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsJHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }CHHncbin, { _bjbrbmkgf fn CftfHncuib }Cgfin`s4 { Rtgigzfcn pfrf n knmtrnib cf jumàën Hbssf`bCi` }
Kûcg`n pfrf inkfigzfr cbtbrhgmfcn rb`gstrn, nosbrvb qub sb n usuærgn mën cbvb bstfr
gmsbrgmcn nu bcgtfmcn rb`gstrns<6. Cì uh cupin Kigkd sno n nolbtn OutInkfigzfr <
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr Cbkifrfàën cb vfrgævbgs
NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4 Krgf f vfrgævbi NolQbsqugsf cn tgpn [trgm`ob`gm
gj CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebmob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmsbràën) cf Kftb`nrgf fmtbs cb inkfigzfr!',htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4
Bxgt4bmc4
NolQbsqugsf <8 CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb nr[g`^Kftb`.Zfiub4 Ftrgoug f NolQbsqugsf n vfinr cn kfhpncb tfobif [g`^Kftb`gj GmputVubry('Bmtrb knh f sg`if cf kftb`nrgf',
'[g`if',NolQbsqugsf) tebm [nigkgtf f cg`gtfàën cn kûcg`n f sbr prnkurfcngj mnt CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb nr.JgmcDby(TNolQbsqugsfX) tebm Qbsqugsf n kfhpn cg`gtfcn mf tfobif
Hbssf`bCi`('[g if cf Kftb`nrgf mën bmknmtrfcf.', Kfsn mën sblf bmknmtrfcn gmjnrhfhtGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4
bmc4
F jumàën GmputVubry tfhoçh jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt Cgfin`s.
N hçtncn JgmcDby jfz pfrtb cn Nolbtn SSfoib.
Krgfmcn Jumàòbs @inofgs
Rhf jumàën nu uh prnkbcghbmtn `inofi b uhf sçrgb cb knhfmcns knhums f uh sgstbhfknhn uh tncn, bh igm`uf`bh Qfskfi ç qufsb qub prngogcn (mën ç prngogcn pngs f igm`uf`bh pbrhgtb) f utgigzfàën cb uh hbshn knmlumtn cb knhfmcns rbpbtgcfs vbzbs, mntb qub pfrf n mnssnjnrhuiærgn tbhns ns hbshns knhfmcns bh kefhfcfs cgjbrbmtbs<
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
0?
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm Fqugob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmsbràën) cf Kftb`nrgf fmtbs cb jbkefr!', FqughtGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4 Fqug
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4Bxgt4
bmc4...
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4ob`gm
gj CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm Fqugob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmsbràën) cf Kftb`nrgf fmtbs cb inkfigzfr!', Fqug
htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4 FqugBxgt4
bmc4...
bmc4
Qncbhns bmtën rbtgrfr n trbken b krgfrhns uhf jumàën gsnifcf qub krgtgkfræ n bstfcn cfbcgàën cbvnivbmcn f hbmsf`bh, hncgjgkfmcn n trbken cgjbrbmtb, jgkfmcn cbstf hfmbgrf (mënbsqubàf cb cbkifrfr f jumàën mf ærbf Q_GZFSB)<
prgvftb jumktgnm KrgtgkfBcgkfn(FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4 Krgf f jumàën mf ærbf pfrtgkuifr
puoigk prnkbcurb gmgkgn4
bmc4
vfr .........jumktgnm SJ^Kftb`.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4 _bkbob n tgpn cf hbmsf`bhob`gm
gj CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm Zbrgjgkf n bstfcnob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmkiusën) cf kftb`nrgf fmtbs cb ' +FmtbsCb, htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4 Hnmtf b bmvgf f hbmsf`bh
_bsuit <8 Srub4 Cbvnivb qub bmvgnu f hbms.bmc bisb
_bsuit <8 Jfisb4 Cbvnivb qub mën bmvgnu f hbms.bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj KrgtgkfBcgkfn('jbkefr' ) tebm [uostgtug pbif kefhfcf f jumàën
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
0;
ob`gm Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4Bxgt4
bmc4...
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4ob`gm
gj KrgtgkfBcgkfn('inkfigzfr' ) tebm [uostgtug pbif kefhfcf f jumàënBxgt4
...bmc4
Mntb qub læ `fmefhns uhf kbrtf vfmtf`bh, fn gmvçs cb tbrhns qub fitbrfr bh cngsiu`frbs cgjbrbmtbs sû tbrbhns qub fitbrfr bh uh ümgkn iu`fr, hfs fgmcf mën bstæ pbrjbgtn pngscbvbhns ibhorfr qub uh sgstbhf mnrhfihbmtb mën ç knhpnstn pnr fpbmfs uhf tfobif, sbhknmtfr f pfrtb cn kfcfstrn, bmtën sb sb`ugrhns n hbshn pfcrën cb knmstruàën cb jnrhuiærgns pfrfnutrfs tfobifs knmtgmufrbhns f rbpbtgr værgns knhfmcns, bmtën vfhns jfzbr qub f mnssf jumàënsgrvf pfrf f krgtgkf cb bcgàën cb qufiqubr tfobif, pfrf gstn prbkgsfhns bmvgfr tfhoçh n Cftf[nurkb qub pbsqugsfræ n bstfcn b uhf nutrf vfrgævbi cn tgpn [trgm` pfrf cgzbrhns cb qufitfobif bstfhns jfifmcn pfrf kfmkbifr f bcgàën, væ pfrf n nolbtn J^Hbmu b krgb f sb`ugmtb jumàën(mën bsqubàf cb cbkifrfr mf ærbf QROIGK)<
prgvftb prnkbcurb [enwEgmt ([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
puoigk jumktgnm KrgtgkfBcgkfn(C[Nrg bh< SCftf[nurkb4 CnVub, FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4 Fqug
bmc4
vfr
...
...{ Jumàën Krgtgkf Bcgàën
_bkbob< C[Nrg`bh< Cftf[nukb pfrf gmvbstg`fr n bstfcn CnVub< Mnhb rbfi cf Sfobif
FmtbsCb< Jumàën f bxbkutfr cn tgpn Jbkefr, Inkfigzfr...
Cbvnivb< Srub - [b n Cftf[nurkb bstæ bh bstfcn cb bcgàën nu gmsbràën
Jfisb - [b n Cftf[nurkb bstæ bh bstfcn cb mfvb`fàën }
jumktgnm SJ^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(C[Nrg`bh< SCftf[nurkb4 CnVub, FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4ob`gm
gj C[Nrg`bh.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm ob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kfmkbib f bcgàën (nu gmkiusën) ' + CnVub + ' fmtbs cb ' +FmtbsCb, htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4_bsuit <8 Srub4
bmc bisb
_bsuit <8 Jfisb4bmc4
Fitbrb f`nrf n nolbtn J^Kftb` bighgmfmcn f jumàën KrgtgkfBcgkfn b hncgjgkfmcn fskefhfcfs<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
03
prgvftb { knhfmcns pfrtgkuifrbs } Bighgmb
puoigk prnkbcurb gmgkgn4
bmc4
vfr J^Kftb`< SJ^Kftb`4......Bighgmb fs igmefs cf jumàën......prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb nr, 'Kftb`nrgf', 'jbkefr' ) tebm [uostgtuf fqugob`gm
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4Bxgt4
bmc4
...bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr, 'Kftb`nrgf', inkfigzfr' ) tebm [uostgtuf fqugBxgt4
...bmc4
Fitbrfmcn n Hbmu pfrf rbkbobr n jnrhuiærgn
F`nrf jgmfihbmtb vfhns rncfr mnssn prnlbtn hfs fmtbs prbkgsfhns kefhfr n jnrhuiærgnftrfvçs cn hbmu prgmkgpfi pfrf gstn<
6. Forf n nolbtn J^Hbmu< mn hbmu prgmkgpfi bsknief Zgbw b Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br, hfrqub nnolbtn J^Hbmu b kigqub snorb n ontën Zgbw jnrh.
?. Kigqub bh Frqugvn, Sfobif b Kftb`nrgf, kninqub n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.Kftb`nrgf6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Jfz cn kursnr uhf fhpuiebtfJ^Kftb` <8 SJ^Kftb`.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n jnrhuiærgn bh hbhûrgf
J^Kftb`.Gmgkgn4 Kefhf n jnrhuiærgn ftrfvçs cf ærbf fobrtfJ^Kftb`.Jrbb4 Igobrf f ærbf fobrtf[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4 Jfz cn kursnr uhf sbtf
bmc4
;. N nolbtn J^Kftb` jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt jKftb` bmtën ç mbkbssærgn jfzbr n usn cbstf Rmgt, pfrftfmtn gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
02
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsj[norb, { Lfmbif cn [norb n [gstbhf } jKftb`4 { Kfcfstrn cf Sfobif cb Kftb`nrgf }
3. [fgf cn Kncb Bcgtnr b sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.
2. _ncb n prnlbtn b tbstb n jnrhuiærgn cb kftb`nrgf, gmsgrf fi`uhfs kftb`nrgfs, tbmtb prnvnkfrn brrn cb cupigkfàën, tbmtb gmsbrgr uh rb`gstrn knh n kûcg`n vfzgn b inkfigzfr uh rb`gstrn.
:. [b fi`uhf kngsf cbu brrfcf, rbibgf n kfpètuin, nu bmtën knmjgrf tncn n kûcg`n<
umgt jkftb`4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,[tcKtris, Jnrhs, COKtris, CO, Hfsd, BxtKtris, Outtnms4
typb SJ^Kftb` 8 kifss(SJnrh)
[krniiOnx< S[krniiOnx4Ifobi6< SIfobi4Bcgt[g`^Kftb`< SCOBcgt4Ifobi?< SIfobi4BcgtCbs^Kftb`< SCOBcgt4COMfvg`ftnr< SCOMfvg`ftnr4Qfmbi6< SQfmbi4Qfmbi?< SQfmbi4Qfmbi;< SQfmbi4OutJbkefr< SOgtOtm4OutInkfigzfr< SOgtOtm4
prnkbcurb JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4prnkbcurb OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prgvftb
{ prgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk prnkbcurb gmgkgn4
bmc4
vfr J^Kftb`< SJ^Kftb`4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }
CHHncbin, { _bjbrbmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
Cgfin`s4 { Rtgigzfcn pfrf n knmtrnib cf jumàën Hbssf`bCi` }
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.Gmgkgn4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
0:
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.Npbm4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4[enwHncfi4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr, 'Kftb`nrgf', 'Jbkefr' ) tebm ob`gm
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4Bxgt4
bmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.Kinsb4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebmJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
vfr NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4
ob`gm gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr, 'Kftb`nrgf', 'Inkfigzfr' ) tebmBxgt4
NolQbsqugsf <8 CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb nr[g`^Kftb`.Zfiub4gj GmputVubry('Bmtrb knh f [g`if cf kftb`nrgf','[g`if',NolQbsqugsf) tebm
gj mnt CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.JgmcDby(TNolQbsqugsfX)tebm Hbssf`bCi`('[g`if cf Kftb`nrgf mën bmknmtrfcf.',htGmjnrhftgnm,ThoNDX,1)4
bmc4
bmc.
Knhfmcns b sufs jumàòbs, pnr nrcbh cb fpfrgàën<
TSfobifX.Npbm - Ftgvf uh nolbtn Sfoib ç bqugvfibmtb f Fktgvb <8 Srub.
TJnrhX.[enwHncfi - Ftgvf n nolbtn Jnrh, mën pbrhgtgmcn qub mbmeuh nutrn nolbtn Jnrh fmtbrgnr sblf ftgvfcn, ftçqub n hbshn sblf cbsftgvfcn.
Bxgt - [fg cf jumàën nu prnkbcghbmtn.
TSfobifX.Kinsb - Cbsftgvf uh nolbtn Sfoib ç bqugvfibmtb f Fktgvb <8 Jfisb.
Zfr - Cbjgmb uhf kfcbgf cb vfrgævbgs inkfgs.
GmputVubry - Hnstrf uhf kfgxf cb cgæin`n pfrf ibgturf b bmtrfcf cb vfrgævbgs cn tgpn [trgm`.
TSfobifX.JgmcDby - Jumàën qub rbfigzf uhf pbsqugsf gmcbxfcf mn nolbtn Sfoib, ftrfvçs cn èmcgkb cbjgmgcn, rbtnrmfSrub sb bmknmtrnu nu Jfisb sb jgh cb frqugvn
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00
Kfpètuin ZGSrfofiefmcn knh lfmbif Qfg U Jgief
[b vnkì ftç f`nrf mën sbmtgu cgjgkuicfcb bh krgfr b bmtbmcbr n trfofien knh tfobifsigvrbs, mën sbmtgræ tfhoçh cgjgkuicfcb bh krgfr n jnrhuiærgn pfrf rbkbobr bstb kfsn, fn knmtrærgn,fknmsbien qub vnkì rbibgf b rbjfàf n kfpètuin fmtbrgnr.
Bh mnssn prnlbtn, kfcf rb`gstrn mf tfobif cb hüsgkf sû bxgstgræ sb enuvbr uhknrrbspnmcbmtb mf tfobif oæsgkn, bmtën f tfobif oæsgkn ç ’pfg‘ (hbstrb) cf tfobif hüsgkf qub çsuf ’jgief‘ (cbtfieb). Bstf tbnrgf fkghf ç bxpigkfcf mn knmkbgtn cb hncbin rbifkgnmfi cb cfcns
(HB_). N Cbipeg gmknrpnrf bstb hncbin hbshn pfrf ofmkn cb cfcns mën-rbifkgnmfgs, kfsnbstgvçssbhns utgigzfmcn n cOfsb bh mnssn prnlbtn.
Krgfmcn f lfmbif futnhftgkfhbmtb
[b fssgh qub vnkì jgmfigznu n kfpètuin fmtbrgnr vnkì sfgu cn Cbipeg, rbftgvb n sbu prnlbtn.
F`nrf qub vnkì bstæ prnmtn pfrf n trfofien, vfhns krgfr f mnssf lfmbif<6. Kigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, hucb f pæ`gmf pfrf
Jnrhs b kigqub mn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Cftfofsb Jnrh, pfrbkb kûpgf cn kfpètuinfmtbrgnr> kugcfcn ibgf fs gmstruàòbs fofgxn<
6.N tgpn f sbr krgfcf.Jnrh Nptgnms< Krbftb f hfstbr/cbtfgi jnrhRhf lfmbif hbstrb b cbtfiebsCftf[bt Nptgnms< Krbftb f jnrh usgm` SSfoibsnolbktsRsfmcn n nolbtn tfobifOntën Mbxt.
?.F tfobif hbstrb f sbr usfcf pfrf f lfmbif.
Crgvb nr Figfs mfhb< FigfsCgskn Sfoib Mfhb< ofsgkn.cojOntën Mbxt
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
05
;.Kfhpns f sbrbh gmsbrgcnsOntën ’==’ Ontën Mbxt
3.Jnrhfàën cns kfhpnsZbrtgkfiOntën Mbxt
2.Qnsgàën cns IfobisIbjt - F bsqubrcfOntën Mbxt
:.F tfobif cbtfieb f sbr usfcf pfrf f lfmbif.Crgvb nr Figfs mfhb< FigfsCgskn Sfoib Mfhb< husgkf.cojOntën Mbxt
0.Kfhpns f sbrbh gmsbrgcnsOntën ’==’ Ontën Mbxt
5.Jnrhfàën cns kfhpns@rgcOntën Mbxt
7. 61.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
07
Hnmtf`bh cf kefvb cb ig`fàënFvfgifoib Gmcbxbs < QrghfryCbtfgi Jgbics < KNC^CG[KNHfstbr Jgbics < KNC^CG[KNOntën FccLngmbc Jgbics KNC^CG[KN -= KNC^CG[KNOntën Mbxt
Knhpibtn@brf f tbif knhn jnrh prgmkgpfi - MënN Vub `brfr< Jnrh b CftfHncuibOntën Jgmgse
[norb ns CftfHncuibs
Knhn bu cgssb mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr ç pnssèvbi krgfr uh ümgkn CftfHncuib forfm`bmcn nhncbin rbifkgnmfi knhpibtn, ofstf pfrf gstn vnkì jfzbr n jnrhuiærgn qub bstæ kefhfmcn n CftfHncuib knmtrnifr n knhfmcn Npbm b Kinsb cfs tfobifs. Mën jfrbg cbstf hfmbgrf pngs gstn fnhbshn tbhpn qub sghpigjgkfrgf n hbu trfofien cgjgkuitfrgf n sbu bmtbmcghbmtn, qub ç n cb uhf pbssnf qub bstgvbssb fprbmcbmcn n Cbipeg mbstb hnhbmtn, bmtën pfrf bstb trfofien fcntfrbg uh CftfHncuib pfrf kfcf kfcfstrn.
Srfofiefmcn knh fs Sfobifs
Kefhb n nolbtn CftfHncuib6 krgfcn, f mnssf prghbgrf prnvgcìmkgf sbræ f cb fitbrfr f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb cn nolbtn pfrf CH^Ofsgkn, nosbrvb qub jng krgfcn cngs nolbtns Sfoib, n prghbgrn bstæ fpnmtfcn pfrf f tfobif OF[GKN b n sb`umcn pfrf f tfobif HR[GKF, mntb qub pfrfbstb sb`umcn fs prnprgbcfcbs Hfstbr[nurkb b HfstbrJgbics bstën ’prbsfs‘ pbin prghbgrn nolbtn,bstb ç n rbifkgnmfhbmtn bmtrb fhofs. Zfhns fmtbs krgfrhns fi`ums pbqubmns cbtfiebs<
Krgb trìs nolbtns Sfoib , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, b uh
nolbtn Cftf[nurkb , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, b fitbrbfs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qfrf n nolbtn Sfoib6 (Læ bxgstbmtb)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn (sb bstb vfinr mën bstgvbrcgspnmèvbi kefhb n nolbtn J^Hbmu)
Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
SfoibMfhb OF[GKN Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs MNH^CG[KN Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
Qfrf n nolbtn Cftf[nurkb6 (Læ bxgstbmtb)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n nolbtn Sfoib? (Læ bxgstbmtb)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
51
SfoibMfhb HR[GKF Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoHusgkf Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs KNC^CG[KN Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
Hfstbr[nurkb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn Cftf[nurkb Hbstrb
HfstbrJgbics KNC^CG[KN Kfhpn cb ig`fàën cf tfobif Hbstrb
Qfrf n nolbtn Cftf[nurkb? (Læ bxgstbmtb)<Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt SfoHusgkf Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Husgkf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n nolbtn Sfoib; (Krgfcn)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
SfoibMfhb OF[GKN Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoOfsgknKnmj Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs MNH^CG[KN Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn_bfcNmiy Srub [nhbmtb pfrf ibgturf
Qfrf n nolbtn Sfoib3 (Krgfcn)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
SfoibMfhb KFSB@N_ Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoKftb`nr Mnhb gmtbrmn cf tfobif
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs [G@^KFSB@ Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
Hfstbr[nurkb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn Cftf[nurkb Hbstrb
HfstbrJgbics [G@^KFSB@ Kfhpn cb ig`fàën cf tfobif Hbstrb_bfcNmiy Srub [nhbmtb pfrf ibgturf
Qfrf n nolbtn Cftf[nurkb; (Krgfcn)<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt SfoKftb`nr Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Kftb`nr Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n nolbtn Sfoib2 (Krgfcn)< Qnsgkgnmb-n fn ifcn cn nolbtn C[Kftb`.
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
SfoibMfhb KFSB@N_ Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif Mfhb SfoKftb`nrKnmj Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs [G@^KFSB@ Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
_bfcNmiy Srub [nhbmtb pfrf ibgturf
Ns nolbtns mf enrf cf bxbkuàën cn jnrhuiærgn jgkfrën gmvgsèvbgs, hfs ç onh kninkæ-insbh kfmtns bstrftç`gkns, gstn bvgtf f knmjusën.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
56
F utgigcfcb cb kfcf nolbtn Sfoib<
SfoOfsgkn - Sfobif hbstrb prgmkgpfi.
SfoOfsgknKnmj - Sfobif OF[GKN pfrf rbfigzfr f vfigcfàën cn mnhb cn KC.
SfoHusgkf - Sfobif utgigzfcf pfrf hnstrfr fs hüsgkfs kfcfstrfcfs cb kfcf cgskn.
SfoKftb`nr - Sfobif pfrf hnstrfr f cbskrgàën cf kftb`nrgf. SfoKftb`nrKnmj - Sfobif pfrf vfigcfàën cf sg`if cf kftb`nrgf.
Krgb n nolbtn Vubry , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, qubsbrvgræ pfrf kfikuifr n kûcg`n futnhætgkn, kfikuifmcn sbhprb n kûcg`n cb hfgnr vfinr, bfitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
Mfhb VryKnmtfcnr Mnhb cn Nolbtn
[VI [bibkt Hfx(KNC^CG[KN) jrnh OF[GKN Kiæusuif [VI, sbibkgnmb n hfgnr vfinr cn
kfhpn KNC^CG[KN cf tfobif OF[GKN
N kfhpn KNC^CG[KN krgfcn, sbrvgræ fpbmfs knhn uhf kefvb cb ig`fàën bmtrb ftfobif Ofsgkn b Husgkf, sbræ uhf kefvb gmtbrmf cn mnssn sgstbhf b suf fighbmtfàën sb jfræ ftrfvçscbstb nolbtn [VI krgfcn pb`fmcn n hfgnr vfinr b fcgkgnmfmcn 6.
Srfofiefmcn knh ns Kfhpns
Qrbkgsfhns gmsbrgr fi`ums kfhpns, pngs grbhns prbkgsfr cbibs mn trfofien knh n kûcg`n b pfrf n nolbtn CO@rgc6, utgigzb n Jgbics Bcgtnr pfrf gmsbrgr ns kfhpns qub jfitfh<
Qfrf n nolbtn SfoOfsgkn<
KNC^CG[KN, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Kûcg`n4
MNH^CG[KN, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Mnhb4
SGQ^CG[KN, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Sgpn b BcgtHfsd < =FFF414^
JNS^KFQF, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Jntn4 b
[G@^KFSB@, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Kftb`nrgf b BcgtHfsd < =FF414^
Qfrf n nolbtn SfoHusgkf<
KNC^CG[KN, Qrnprgbcfcb Zgsgoib< Jfisb.
MRH^JFGUF, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Jfgxf b CgspifyPgcte< ?4
MNH^HR[GKF, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Hüsgkf b CgspifyPgcte< 314 b
MNH^FRSN_, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Futnr4 b
SHQ^HR[GKF, Qrnprgbcfcb CgspifyIfobi< Sbhpn b BcgtHfsd < 11Y<11414^
Qfrf n nolbtn VryKnmtfcnr<
Cb uh cupin kigqub snorb n nolbtn fpfrbkbræ f lfmbif Jgbics Bcgtnr, kigqub knh n ontëncgrbgtn b mn hbmu qub fpfrbkbræ kigqub mf npàën Fcc Jgbics... b fcgkgnmb n kfhpn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
5?
Fmtbs cb gmgkgfrhns f prn`rfhfàën cn CftfHncuib knhpfrb knhn jgknu n CftfHncuib bsfivb-n knh n mnhb cb CHOfsgkn<
Knmtrnifmcn n CftfHncuib
F`nrf jfitf n kûcg`n, mntb qub f hfgnr pfrtb ç uhf rbpbtgàën cfqugin qub læ vghnsfmtbrgnrhbmtb<
Ftgvfmcn fs tfobifs fn sbr kefhfcn CftfHncuib<6. Kigqub mn nolbtn CHOfsgkn b mf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts cì uh cupin
kigqub snorb n bvbmtn NmKrbftb b fitbrb-n cn sb`ugmtb hncn<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.CH^OfsgknKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VIJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 Gmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
SfoKftb`nr.Npbm4 Ftgvf fs tfobifsSfoKftb`nrKnmj.Npbm4SfoHusgkf.Npbm4SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4SfoOfsgknKnmj.Npbm4
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf bmkbrrfr fs trfmsfàòbs knh f Ofsb cb Cfcns b jbkefr fs tfobifs qufmcn jnrbmkbrrfcn n CftfHncuib.6. Cg`gtb J66 b inkfigzb n nolbtn CH^Kftb` , mf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr , mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts, cì
uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn NmCbstrny<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.CH^OfsgknCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
ob`gmSfoOfsgkn.Kinsb4 Jbkef fs tfobifsSfoOfsgknKnmj.Kinsb4SfoHusgkf.Kinsb4SfoKftb`nr.Kinsb4SfoKftb`nrKnmj.Kinsb4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VI
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 Bmkbrrf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs `rfvfmcn fsbmc4 fitbrfàòbs mn ofmkn cb cfcns
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
5;
Ibhorb-sb cf utgigzfàën cn nolbtn J^Hbmu, bmtën ç prbkgsn cbkifrfr f umgcfcb f qufibib pbrtbmkb knh n knhfmcn R[B[ (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs
jHbmu4 { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi }
_bpfrb qub mn gmèkgn cbstf Rmgt tfhoçh bxgstb uhf nutrf cbkifrfàën Rsbs, fpûs fsbssën gmtbrjfkb, bmtën pnr qub mën kninkfr tncfs bssfs cbkifrfàòbs bh uh iu`fr sû> 6n) N Cbipeg knmtrnifræ (kninkfmcn nu rbhnvbmcn) fs Rmgts fig kninkfcfs (cbpbmcbmcn cns nolbtns utgigzfcns)b ?n) Sncns ns knhfmcns cbkifrfcns fmtbs cf cbkifrfàën ghpibhbmtftgnm (knh bxkbàën cbbvbmtns cb krgfàën cn tgpn nmKrbftb), sbrën bxbkutfcns b nolbtns b umgts jgkfrën bh hbhûrgfbspbrfmcn sbrbh kefhfcns, bmtën ç ghprftgkævbi kninkfr umgts qub sû sbrën utgigzfcfs bh tbhpncb bxbkuàën.
Knmtfcnrbs
N nolbtn qubry rbfigzf knmsuitfs bh hncn [VI, mn prûxghn kfpètuin n utgigzfrbhns pfrfkrgfrhns mnssfs knmsuitfs hfs, mbstb hnhbmtn bib sbræ utgigzfcn pfrf vbrgjgkfr qufi n hfgnr vfinrfrhfzbmfcn mn kfhpn kûcg`n.
F kfcf mnvn rb`gstrn cbvbhns krgfr tfhoçh uh mnvn KNC^CG[KN (ibhorf cn nolbtnVryKnmtfcnr ). Fiçh cgssn, prbkgsfhns mns pnsgkgnmfr mn prghbgrn kfhpn cn kfcfstrn,gstn sbræ rbfigzfcn bh cngs bvbmtns cgstgmtns<6. Hfrqub n nolbtn SfoOfsgkn, b cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n bvbmtn nmMbw_bknrc<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftfsbt)4ob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.BcgtMNH^CG[KN.[btJnkus4 Qnsgkgnmf n kursnr mn nolbtnbmc4
Nosbrvb qub jng utgigzfcn n nolbtn J^Ofsgkn, bmtën ç prbkgsn cbkifrfr f umgcfcb f qufibib pbrtbmkb knh n knhfmcn R[B[ (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jOfsgkn4 { Kfcfstrn cn Oæsgkn }
jHbmu4 { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi }
?. Cg`gtb J66 b cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n bvbmtn ObjnrbQnst<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknObjnrbQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftfsbt)4ob`gm
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb 8 csGmsbrt tebm Zbrgjgkf sb ç uhf gmkiusën mf ofsbob`gm VryKnmtfcnr.Fktgvb <8 Jfisb4 Cbsftgvf f VubryVryKnmtfcnr.Fktgvb <8 Srub4 Ftgvf f Vubrywgte VryKnmtfcnr.JgbicsT1X cn Nosbrvb ns ibhorbtbs
gj GsMuii tebm [b n vfinr cn knmtfcnr ç muin
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
53
SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub <8 6 Ftrgoug 6 fn kfhpn KNC^CG[KNbisb [bmën
SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub <8 FsGmtb`br + 64 Ftrgoug fn kfhpn KNC^CG[KN f fcgàënbmc4 cb 6 fn vfinr cn knmtfcnr kfhpn
bmc4
N knhfmcn wgte ç utgigzfcn knhn hçtncn cb tfqug`rfjgf, pfrf mën bskrbvbrhns værgfsvbzbs n hbshn mnhb cb uh cbtbrhgmfcn nolbtn.
Qnrqub mën kninkfrhns tncn n kûcg`n mn bvbmtn nmMbw_bknrc > Qnr kfusf cnknmtrnib huitg-usuærgn, ghf`gmb, uh gmcgvècun F gmgkgf f gmkiusën cb uh KC, b uh gmcgvècun O tfhoçh gmgkgf nutrf gmkiusën, knhn n kûcg`n cn gmcgvècun F fgmcf mën jng `rfvfcn mn ofmkn, sbræcfcn n hbshn kûcg`n pfrf n gmcgvècun O, gstn mën fknmtbkbræ sb n kûcg`n jnr kfikuifcnhnhbmtns fmtbs cb sbr `rfvfcn n rb`gstrn, knh ç n kfsn cn bvbmtn ObjnrbQnst.
Qfrf knmjgrhfrhns fs fitbrfàòbs pfrf f ofsb [VI, prbssgnmb mnvfhbmtb f tbkif J66 b mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts, cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn FjtbrQnst<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VI ob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 @rfvfmcn fs fitbrfàòbs cf tfobifJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 _bgmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
bmc4bmc4
Zfigcfmcn ns Kfhpns
Qfrf mën fknmtbkbr uh cupigkfàën cns mnhbs cns KC‗s, utgigzfrbhns pfrf f krètgkf fhbshf gcçgf cn qub fknmtbkbu knh n jnrhuiærgn cb Kftb`nrgf<
6. Hfrqub n nolbtn SfoOfsgknMNH^CG[KN, b cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n bvbmtnNmZfigcftb<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknMnh^CgsknZfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm [b n hncn ç cb gmsbràën nu bcgàëngj SfoOfsgknKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoOfsgknMNH^CG[KNX) tebm Qbsqugsf n kfhpn cg`gtfcnob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.BcgtMNH^CG[KN.[btJnkus4 Fitbrf f pnsgàën cn kursnrrfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('Mnhb cn KC cupigkfcn'#61+ Kfsn læ bxgstf hnstrf hbmsf`bh
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4 cb brrn b ghpbcb n kfcfstrnbmc4
bmc4
Qfrf qub n mnssn usuærgn bsknief snhbmtb fs kftb`nrgfs bxgstbmtbs<6. Hfrqub n nolbtn SfoOfsgkn[G@^KFSB@, b cì uh cupin kigqub snorb n bvbmtn
NmZfigcftb<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgkn[g` Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
52
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm gj mnt (SfoKftb`nrKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoOfsgkn[G@^KFSB@X)) tebm Nosbrvb n knhfmcn MNS ob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.[btJnkus4rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('[g`if cf kftb`nrgf mën bxgstb'#61+
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf Kftb`nrgf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4
bmc4bmc4
Knh n CftfHncuib n mnssn trfofien læ bstæ knmkiuècn, sfivb n nolbtn b knmjgrhb nkûcg`n<
umgt CHOfsgkn4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, Pgmcnws, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Jnrhs, Cgfin`s, CO, COSfoibs4
typb SCH^Ofsgkn 8 kifss(SCftfHncuib)SfoHusgkfKnc^Cgskn< SJinftJgbic4SfoHusgkfMuh^Jfgxf< SJinftJgbic4SfoHusgkfMnh^Husgkf< S[trgm`Jgbic4C[Ofsgkn< SCftf[nurkb4SfoOfsgkn< SSfoib4SfoHusgkf< SSfoib4C[Husgkf< SCftf[nurkb4SfoOfsgknKnmj< SSfoib4SfoKftb`nr< SSfoib4SfoKftb`nrKnmj< SSfoib4C[Kftb`nr< SCftf[nurkb4SfoOfsgknKnc^Cgskn< SJinftJgbic4SfoOfsgknMnh^Cgskn< S[trgm`Jgbic4SfoOfsgknSgp^Cgskn< S[trgm`Jgbic4SfoOfsgknJnt^Kfpf< SOinoJgbic4SfoOfsgkn[g`^Kftb`< S[trgm`Jgbic4VryKnmtfcnr< SVubry4VryKnmtfcnrHFUNJKNC^CG[KN< SJinftJgbic4prnkbcurb CH^OfsgknKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb CH^OfsgknCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb SfoOfsgknMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4prnkbcurb SfoOfsgknObjnrbQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4prnkbcurb SfoOfsgknFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4prnkbcurb SfoOfsgknMnh^CgsknZfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4prnkbcurb SfoOfsgkn[g`^Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4
prgvftb { prgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk { puoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr CH^Ofsgkn< SCH^Ofsgkn4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
5:
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jOfsgkn, { Kfcfstrn cn Oæsgkn } jHbmu4 { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi }
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.CH^OfsgknKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebmJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
SfoKftb`nr.Npbm4SfoKftb`nrKnmj.Npbm4SfoHusgkf.Npbm4SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4SfoOfsgknKnmj.Npbm4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.CH^OfsgknCbstrny([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
ob`gm SfoOfsgkn.Kinsb4SfoOfsgknKnmj.Kinsb4SfoHusgkf.Kinsb4SfoKftb`nr.Kinsb4SfoKftb`nrKnmj.Kinsb4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.BcgtMNH^CG[KN.[btJnkus4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknObjnrbQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb 8 csGmsbrt tebm ob`gm
VryKnmtfcnr.Fktgvb <8 Jfisb4VryKnmtfcnr.Fktgvb <8 Srub4wgte VryKnmtfcnr.JgbicsT1X cn
gj GsMuii tebm SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub <8 6
bisb SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub <8 FsGmtb`br + 64
bmc4bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm ob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
50
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknMnh^CgsknZfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm gj SfoOfsgknKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoOfsgknMNH^CG[KNX) tebm ob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.BcgtMNH^CG[KN.[btJnkus4rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('Mnhb cn KC cupigkfcn'#61+
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4bmc4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgkn[g` Kftb`Zfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm gj mnt (SfoKftb`nrKnmj.JgmcDby(TSfoOfsgkn[G@^KFSB@X)) tebm ob`gm
J^Ofsgkn.Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.[btJnkus4rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('[g`if cf kftb`nrgf mën bxgstb'#61+
'Kigkd mn ontën "Inkfigzf Kftb`nrgf" bh kfsn cb cüvgcf')4bmc4
bmc4
bmc.
Fitbrfmcn f Lfmbif Krgfcf
Zfhns mnvfhbmtb fitbrfr f lfmbif krgfcf, knhn læ jng cgtn, vnu usfr uh pfcrën cb lfmbifqub fkebg knhn gcbfi, hfs vnkì pncbræ, juturfhbmtb, tfhoçh bmknmtrfræ n sbu prûprgn pfcrën,
bmtën vfhns fs fitbrfàòbs, fmtbs, ibhorb-sb, ç prbkgsn bmtbmcbr b knhprbbmcbr tntfihbmtb nkfpètuin fmtbrgnr b n CftfHncuib krgfcn cbvb tbr pfssfcn pbif vbrgjgkfàën sbh brrns, pfrfvbrgjgkfr uh nolbtn f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi bsknief fs npàòbs Qrnlbkt | [ymtfx Kebkd .
Cbvb nknrrbr uh brrn mf kiæusuif Rsbs gmjnrhfmcn qub f umgcfcb jOfsgkn mën bxgstb mbhn nolbtn J^Ofsgkn mën jng bmknmtrfcn, bmtën fmtbs cb qufiqubr pfssn kefhb n nolbtn Jnrh? bfitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf J^Ofsgkn b sfivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb jOfsgkn, pncbmnvfhbmtb vbrgjgkfr f umgcfcb CHOfsgkn qub cbstf vbz mën efvbræ prnoibhfs.
Fprnvbgtb n nolbtn J^Ofsgkn pfrf fitbrfr f kiæusuif usbs in`n fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cbknhpgifàën pfrf<
{$_ *.CJH} usbs
CHOfsgkn4 { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
55
Nr`fmgzfmcn ns Qfmbis
Zfhns pfssfr pfrf fs fitbrfàòbs knh nolbtn J^Ofsgkn. Ns nolbtns cf lfmbif sb bmknmtrfhcgstrgouècns bh trìs nolbtns Qfmbi, n prghbgrn ( Qfmbi6) `ufrcf n nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr , n sb`umcn( Qfmbi?) `ufrcf ns ifobis b ns kfhpns cn frqugvn OF[GKN b n tbrkbgrn ( Qfmbi;) `ufrcf n nolbtn
CO@rgc6 qub knmtrnifræ n frqugvn HR[GKF. Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Fig`m cn nolbtn Qfmbi;, pfrf fiMnmb.
Fuhbmtb f lfmbif cn hncn qub tncns ns kfhpns cn nolbtn hbstrb fpfrbàfh.
Kninqub ns nolbtns ifobi3 b Ghf`bJNS^KFQF f cgrbgtf cns nutrns kfhpns.
Cbpngs cb tucn frruhfcn fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Futn[krnii mn nolbtn [krniiOnx pfrfSrub cbpngs pfrf Jfisb, gstn jfræ knh qub f ofrrf cb rnif`bh vbrtgkfi cbsfpfrbàf.
Krgb uh qufrtn nolbtn Qfmbi pfrf kninkfr ns ontòbs, knmjnrhb fs gmstruàòbs cnkfpètuin fmtbrgnr, pfrf jfkgigtfr n trfofien kefhb n nolbtn J^Kftb` , ftrfvçs cn Qrnlbkt Hfmff`br ,kigqub snorb n nolbtn Qfmbi; b prbssgnmb Ktri+K kefhb mnvfhbmtb n nolbtn Jnrh? b prbssgnmbKtri+Z , krgb uh tbrkbgrn ontën b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm &Hüsgkfs Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YKCC_GZB.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Kfcfstrn b hfmutbmàën cfs hüsgkfs Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Mfhb OutHusgkf Mnhb cn nolbtn[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f
jnrhf cb uhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Pgcte 57 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
_bnr`fmgzb ns trìs ontòbs mn nolbtn Qfmbi3
Hncgjgkfmcn ns kfhpns b Ifobis
Bxkiuf n ifobi (nolbtn Ifobi6) b n kfhpn (nolbtn BcgtKNC^CG[KN) qub jfz rbjbrìmkgf fnKNC^CG[KN.
Hncgjgqub f jnmtb cns kfhpns b ifobis knmjnrhb cbskrgtn mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr.
Fitbrb fs prnprgbcfcbs Kfptgnm cns Ifobis pfrf< ’&Mnhb<‘, ’&Sgpn<‘, ’Kftb&`nrgf<‘b ’&Kfpf<‘ rbspbktgvfhbmtb
Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Futn[gzb cns Ifobis pfrf Srub
Hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb [trbtke cn nolbtn Ghf`bJNS^KFQF pfrf trub, gstn jfræ knhqub f ghf`bh cf kfpf jgqub sbhprb cb fknrcn knh n tfhfmen cn nolbtn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
57
Nr`fmgzfmcn ns Qfmbis
Zfhns nr`fmgzfr kfcf nolbtn Qfmbi pnr pfrtbs<
Nolbtn Qfmbi6
Hncgjgqub n nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr knmjnrhb cbskrgtn mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr.
Qfrf f prnprgbcfcb Egmts, bskrbvf mnvfhbmtb n fuxèign pfrf kfcf ontën nu, kefhb njnrhuiærgn J^Kftb` b knpgb fs cbskrgàòbs cf prnprgbcfcb Egmts knh Ktri+K b kefhbmnvfhbmtb n nolbtn COMfvg`ftnr b cg`gtb Ktri+Z cbmtrn cf prnprgbcfcb.
Hncgjgqub tfhoçh n nolbtn Qfmbi6 knmjnrhb cbskrgtn mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr b fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm pfrf KC‗s.
Nolbtn Qfmbi?
Fitbrb fs prnprgbcfcbs Ebg`et b Pgcte pfrf ?6: cn nolbtn Ghf`bJNS^KFQF.
Krgb uh mnvn nolbtn Ifobi b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm &Hüsgkfs< Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5, Kfstfmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
JnkusKnmtrni CO@rgc6 Knmtrnib cn jnkn
Fuhbmtb n nolbtn Qfmbi? cb jnrhf f kfobr ns nutrns nolbtns, nr`fmgzb ns nolbtns cfsb`ugmtb jnrhf< Mnhb, Sgpn, Kftb`nrgf b Hüsgkfs, fn ifcn kninqub f jntn. Cbgxb n bspfàncb uh kfhpn bmtrb Kftb`nrgf b Hüsgkfs.
_bhnvf n nolbtn BcgtSGQ^CG[KN b bh sbu iu`fr krgb n nolbtn COKnhonOnx ,
bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis, b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic SGQ^CG[KN Kfhpn cb tfobif
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Fzui Hfrgmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt [bibkgnmb n tgpn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Gtbhs FFF4 FFC4 FCC4 b CCC Gtbms qub fpfrbkbrën knhn npàòbs cn KNHONONU, kninqub uh bh kfcf igmef.
Mfhb KnhonSGQ^CG[KN Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f
jnrhf cb uhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Mn nolbtn Ifobi; rbkninqub f prnprgbcfcb JnkusKnmtrni fpnmtfmcn pfrf n nolbtnKnhonSGQ^CG[KN.
Nolbtn Qfmbi;
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
71
Hfrqub n nolbtn CO@rgc6 b fitbrb fs prnprgbcfcbs Fig`m pfrf fiMnmb b Onrcbr[tyib pfrfos[gm`ib, prbssgnmb Ktri+U hfrqub n nolbtn [krniiOnx b prbssgnmb Ktri+Z , fkbrtb nnolbtn cb jnrhf qub bstb kfgof fofgxn cn nolbtn Ifobi6 (Hüsgkfs<).
Bighgmb n nolbtn Qfmbi;, kigqub snorb bib b prbssgnmb Cbi .
Hncgjgkfmcn f Lfmbif
Fitbrb fs prnprgbcfcbs OnrcbrGknms, Onrcbr[tyib b Qnsgtgnm knmjnrhb cbskrgtn mnkfpètuin fmtbrgnr.
Hucb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm pfrf Kfcfstrn.
Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Fig`m cn nolbtn Qfmbi? pfrf fiKigbmt b fkbrtb fs pnsgàòbs mnjnrhuiærgn.
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn b sfivb n prnlbtn.
Mn bspfàn cbgxfcn bmtrb ns ifobis cb Kftb`nrgf b Hüsgkf, krgb n nolbtn COSbxt ,bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis, qub sbrvgræ pfrf hnstrfr n mnhbcf kftb`nrgf sbibkgnmfcf, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb CH^Ofsgkn.C[Kftb`nr Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic CB[^KFSB@ Kfhpn cb tfobif
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Kfstfmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Krgb f`nrf trìs nolbtns [pbbcOuttnm , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi <
Qfrf n nolbtn [pbbcOuttnm6< Qnsgkgnmb-n fn fofgxn cn ifobi Kfpf.
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YFMGHFSM.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Kûpgf ghf`bh cf ærbf cbtrfmjbrìmkgf
Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Mfhb OutQfstb Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Pgcte ?2 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
Qfrf n nolbtn [pbbcOuttnm?< Qnsgkgnmb-n fn fofgxn cn nolbtn BcgtKNC^KFSB@
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YIFMSB_MF.OHQ (vblfcgkf)
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Qbsqugsf cbtbrhgmfcf kftb`nrgf Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
76
Mfhb OutInkKftb` Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Pgcte ?2 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
Qfrf n nolbtn [pbbcOuttnm;< Qnsgkgnmb-n fn ifcn cn nolbtn OutInkKftb`
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YK_CJGIB?.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Gmsbrb rb`gstrn mf tfobif cbkftb`nrgf
Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Mfhb OutGmsKftb` Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Pgcte ?2 Sfhfmen cn nolbtn
F jumàën cb kfcf ontën bstæ bxpigkfcf mf prnprgbcfcb egmt , pfrf ns nolbtns OutInkKftb` b OutGmsKftb` grbhns mns fprnvbgtfr cns jnrhuiærgns læ knmstruècns fmtbrgnrhbmtb.
Qrnvfvbihbmtb vnkì mën græ bmknmtrfr n frqugvn IFMSB_MF.OHQ snigkgtfcn pfrf nsb`umcn ontën, tbrbhns cb krgæ-in<
6. [fivb n jnrhuiærgn b jbkeb n prnlbtn, inkfigzb (mn cgrbtûrgn cbhns cn Cbipeg) b forf n prnlbtn TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYCBHN[YCOYHF[SFQQYHF[SFQQ.CQ_
?. Ftrfvçs cn Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br forf n jnrhuiærgn [bfrkeCi` .
;. Inkfigzb n nolbtn [bfrkeOuttnm b kigqub mf prnprgbcfcb @iype.
3. Bsknief n ontën [fvb... b sfivb-n mn cgrbtûrgn b mnhb prnpnstn(TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[Y b IFMSB_MF.OHQ).
2. _btnrmb fn mnssn prnlbtn cbskfrtfmcn qufgsqubr fvgsn pfrf sfivfr n HF[SFQQ.CQ_.
Srfofiefmcn knh @rgc‗s
Jfibhns f`nrf cb uh nolbtn bspbkgfi n @rgc, bspbkgfi pnr sbr uh cns nolbtns cb tncn nknmlumtn cn Cbipeg n hfgs prætgkn b jækgi cb usfr, qubh mën sb ibhorf mn vbien Kigppbr cf jumàëncoBcgt( ), qubh mën utgigznu sbus rbkursns pfrf hnstrfr rb`gstrns nu rbfigzfr knmsuitfs knh jgitrnsbspbkgfgs. N nolbtn @rgc ç n ’mbtn‘ cbstb nolbtn knh fi`ums rbkursns hfgs sghpigjgkfcns, mn tntfi
sën trìs ns nolbtns @rgc‗s<
6. [trgm`@rgc - Knhpnmbmtb cf umgcfcb @rgc sbmcn utgigzfcn pfrf, cb jnrhfsghpigjgkfcf, fssnkgfr [trgm`s f uhf `rfcb knmtbmcn igmefs b kniumfs, bmknmtrfcnmf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi .
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
7?
?. Crfw@rgc - Knhpnmbmtb cf umgcfcb @rgc qub pbrhgtb hnstrfr uhfbstruturf cb cfcns bxgstbmtbs mn jnrhftn cb igmefs b kniumfs, bmknmtrfcn mfKnhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi .
;. CO@rgc - Knhpnmbmtb cf umgcfcb CO@rgcs qub hnstrfr cfcns cb uh
Cftf[bt pfrf uh knhpnmbmtb mn jnrhftn cb igmefs b kniumfs, bmknmtrfcn mfKnhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis.
Qnr bmqufmtn vnu hb cbtbr f jfifr cn nolbtn CO@rgc , hfgs tfrcb vnitfrbhns f jfifr cnsnutrns, bstb nolbtn CO@rgc ç vgmkuifcn, fn Cftf[nurkb, fprbsbmtf fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs (hfgsghpnrtfmtbs, fi`uhfs fgmcf mën hbmkgnmfcfs)<
Cftf[nurkb< Mnhb cn nolbtn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn4
Jnmt< Sgpn cf ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn knmtbücn cn nolbtn4
Nptgnms< sçrgb cb npàòbs cb knmtrnib (sb f npàën Srub jnr sbibkgnmfcf)< c`Bcgtgm`< pbrhgtb f bcgàën b fcgàën cns cfcns4 c`Fiwfys[enwBcgtnr< N `rgc bmtrf futnhftgkfhbmtb bh hncn cb bcgàën, mën
efvbmcn f mbkbssgcfcb cb prbssgnmfr Bmtbr nu J? (cbpbmcb qub f prnprgbcfcbc`Bcgtgm` 8 Srub)4
c`Sgtibs< Zgfogigzf n usn cn tètuin cb kfcf kfhpn4 c`Gmcgkftnr< Efogigtf n pnmtbgrn cb gmcgkfàën cf kniumf4 c`Kniuhm_bsgzb< F kniumf pncb sbr rbcghbmsgnmfcf4 c`KniIgmbs< Efogigtf f sbpfrfàën cfs kniumfs4 c`_nwIgmbs< Efogigtf f sbpfrfàën cfs igmefs4 c`Sfos< Rsb n prbssgnmfhbmtn cfs tbkifs Sfo b [egj+Sfo pfrf sb hnvbr cbmtrn cfs
kniumfs4 c`_nw[bibkt< [bibkgnmf, knh uhf tfrlf fzui, tncfs fs kniumfs cb uhf igmef4 c`Fiwfws[enw[bibktgnm< Fs kçiuifs cn `rgc sën hnstrfcfs knmstfmtbhbmtb
sbibkgnmfcfs, hbshn qub bstb mën cbtbmef n jnkn. c`KnmjgrhCbibtb< Rsb fs tbkifs Ktri+Cbi , pfrf bxkiugr cfcns4 c`KfmkbiNmBxgt< [b qufiqubr gmkiusën bstgvbr pbmcbmtb b jnr cfcn sfècf mn `rgc sbh
f vfigcfàën cns cfcns, f gmkiusën ç kfmkbifcf. Qrbvgmb f gmkiusën cb rb`gstrnsgmvæigcns nu bh orfmkn.
SgtibJnmt< Sgpn cf ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mns tètuins cn nolbtn.
Ns kfhpns mn nolbtn CO@rgc sën fcgkgnmfcns b knmtrnifcns ftrfvçs cn JgbicsBcgtnr
N mnssn nolbtn `rgc hnstrfræ fpbmfs fs hüsgkfs cb kfcf KC, pfrf tfmtn fitbrb fssb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5, Kfstfmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Hüsgkfs cbstb KC Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Nptgnms Tc`Sgtibs, c`Gmcgkftnr, c`KniIgmbs,c`_nwIgmbs, c`_nw[bibkt,c`Fiwfys[enw[bibktgnmX
Npàòbs cb knmtrnib
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno fjnrhf cb uhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
7;
Mën ieb fknmsbien usfr bstb nolbtn pfrf rbfigzfr fitbrfàòbs bh ofsbs cb cfcns (fpbsfrcb gstn sbr pnssèvbi) ç hfgs prætgkn utgigzfr uhf lfmbif sbpfrfcf pfrf rbfigzfr bstb trfofien, fsgcçgfs jgkfrën hfgs obh nrcbmfcfs, sb kfcf jnrhuiærgn knmtrnifr uhf ümgkf bmtrfcf bh tfobif cbkfcf vbz.
[b vnkì bstæ hbgn pbrcgcn knh gstn tucn, mën sb cbsbspbrb, sghpibshbmtb knhpfrb nsjnrhuiærgns pfrf vbr sb mën jfitf mfcf<
Jgmfihbmtb, f prn`rfhfàënF`nrf jfitf fpbmfs n kûcg`n, pbin tfhfmen cn jnrhuiærgn b pbin mühbrn cb knmtrnibs læ
cæ pfrf pbmsfrhns qub prbkgsfhns prn`rfhfr igmefs b igmefs cb kûcg`n, bm`fmn ! n hfgnr trfofien læ jng jbgtn, nosbrvb<
Krgfmcn n CftfHncuib fn sbr kefhfcn jnrhuiærgn<
6. Kigqub mn ontën (Sn``ib Jnrh/Rmgt ) cf [pbbcOfr , ftç vnkì fitbrmfr pfrf n Kncb Bcgtnr .
puoigk
prnkbcurb gmgkgn4 Krgfmcn f kefhfcf pfrf uh prnkbcghbmtn püoigkn. bmc4
vfrJ^Ofsgkn< SJ^Ofsgkn4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
73
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.Gmgkgn4 Krgb n gmèkgn cn prnkbcghbmtnob`gm
CH^Ofsgkn <8 SCH^Ofsgkn.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n CftfHncuib [krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4 Jfz n kursnr jgkfr mn jnrhftn cb [btf[enwHncfi4 Hnstrf n jnrhuiærgn J^Ofsgkn
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf bighgmfr n CftfHncuib, ofsgkfhbmtb ç n hbshn trfofien rbfigzfcn knh nnolbtn J^Ofsgkn<6. Mn nolbtn J^Ofsgkn, cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn NmKinsb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn, 'KC', 'Jbkefr') tebm Ibhorf cf Jumàënob`gm
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4 Kfmkbif f sfècf cf lfmbifBxgt4 [fg cf prnkbcurb
bmc4
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Jfz n kursnr vgrfr uhf fhpuiebtfCH^Ofsgkn.Jrbb4 Bighgmf n CftfHncuib
bmc4
Ibhorb-sb qub f jumàën KrgtgkfBcgkfn jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt jHbmu, bmtën ç prbkgsncbkifrfr bstf umgcfcb knh n knhfmcn R[B[ (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsCHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib } jHbmu4 { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf } Kninkfcn pfrf n usn cf Jumàën KrgtgkfBcgkfn
_bpfrb qub mn gmèkgn cbstf Rmgt bxgstb uhf cbkifrfàën Rsbs, fpûs n knhfmcngmtbrjfkb. Bmtën pnr qub mën kninkfr tncfs bssfs cbkifrfàòbs bh uh iu`fr sû> 6.N Cbipeg knmtrnifræ (kninkfmcn nu rbhnvbmcn) bstfs Rmgts fig kninkfcfs (cbpbmcbmcn cns nolbtnsutgigzfcns) b ?.Sncns ns knhfmcns cbkifrfcns fmtbs cf cbkifrfàën ghpibhbmtftgnm (knh bxkbàëncb bvbmtns cb krgfàën. Bx.< nmKrbftb), sbrën bxbkutfcns b nolbtns b umgts jgkfrën bh hbhûrgfbspbrfmcn sbrbh kefhfcns, bmtën ç ghprftgkævbi kninkfr umgts qub sû sbrën utgigzfcfs bh tbhpncb bxbkuàën.
Knmsuitf
Kûcg`n pfrf pbsqugsfr ns rb`gstrns cfs tfobifs, ofsgkfhbmtb utgigzfrbhns n hbshntrfofien rbfigzfcn knh n nolbtn J^Kftb`<6. Cì uh cupin kigkd sno n nolbtn OutInkfigzfr <
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4
ob`gm gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn, 'KC', 'Inkfigzfr') tebm Ibhorf cf Jumàën
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
72
Bxgt4
NolQbsqugsf <8 SfoOfsgknMNH^CG[KN.Zfiub4
gj GmputVubry('Qbsqugsf','Bmtrb knh n mnhb cn KC (nu pfrtb).', NolQbsqugsf) tebm SfoOfsgkn.JgmcMbfrbst(TNolQbsqugsfX)4
bmc4
Ibhorb-sb qub f jumàën GmputVubry jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt Cgfin`s, bmtën ç prbkgsncbkifrfr bstf umgcfcb knh n knhfmcn R[B[ (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsCHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib } jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf } Cgfin`s4 { @brbmtb cb Hbmsf`bms } Kninkfcn pfrf n usn cf Jumàën GmputVubry
Cbstf vbz jng utgigzfcn n knhfmcn JgmcMbfrbst, bstb knhfmcn knmsuitf pnr pfrtb
gmgkgfi cn kûcg`n bmknmtrfcn uh kûcg`n g`ufi nu hfgnr qub n pbsqugsfcn, mën ç prbkgsn fn usuærgnibhorfr n mnhb knhpibtn knhn mn knhfmcn JgmcDby. Ftbmàën< n knhfmcn JgmcMbfrbst mënrbtnrmfræ uhf vfrgævbi onnibfm (Srub nu Jfisb knhn rbsuitfcn cf pbsqugsf) bmtën mën sb jfz fmbkbssgcfcb cb krètgkfs snorb n hbshn. [fivn bxkbàën sb n kfhpn jnr tgpn muhçrgkn nu tgpn cftfbmtën utgigzb bstb knhfmcn bh knmlumtn knh n knhfmcn Sry. Zblf mn prûxghn kfpètuin knhn.
N kûcg`n pfrf n ontën qub inkfigzfræ uh rb`gstrn mf tfobif cb kftb`nrgf sbræ trftfcn mn prûxghn kfpètuin.
Qfrf gmsbrgr mnvns rb`gstrns mf tfobif cb kftb`nrgf utgigzfrbhns n jnrhuiærgn knmstruècnfmtbrgnrhbmtb, f ümgkf cgjbrbmàf ç qub cbstf vbz cbvbhns bstfr bh hncn cb bcgàën<6. Cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n nolbtn OutGmsKftb` <
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutGmsKftb Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj mnt (C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX) tebm [b mën bstgvbr bh bstfcn cb bcgàfn nuob`gm gmkiusën
Hbssf`bCi`('Znkì mën bstæ mn hncn cb bcgàën!', Bmvgf hbmsf`bh cb brrnhtGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4
bxgt4bmc
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Jfz n kursnr vgrfr uhf fhpuiebtfgj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 @rfvfhns fs fitbrfàòbs mn ofmkn cb cfcns
wgte SJ^Kftb`.Krbftb([bij) cn Krgf n jnrhuiærgn mf ærbf cb hbhûrgfob`gm Gmgkgn4 Kefhf n jnrhuiærgnJrbb4 Bighgmf n jnrhuiærgn cf hbhûrgf
bmc4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VIJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 Gmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4 Jfz n kursnr jgkfr mn jnrhftn cb [btfbmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
7:
Mën bsqubàf cb cbkifrfr f Rmgt cbstb jnrhuiærgn<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsCHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }Cgfin`s, { @brbmtb cb Hbmsf`bms }
jKftb`4 { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs }
Srfofiefmcn knh f ærbf cb Srfmsjbrìmkgf
Mf hfgnrgf cns fpigkftgvns pfrf Pgmcnws ç knhum bmknmtrfrhns ns knhfmcns _bknrtfr,Knpgfr b Knifr, n jfhnsn Kut/Knpy/Qfstb, gstn ç rbfigzfcn utgigzfmcn f ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf cnPgmcnws<
[ën trìs ns knhfmcns qub jfzbh n trfofien mf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf<
Nolbtn.KutSnKigponfrc, bmvgf n knmtbücn cn nolbtn pfrf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf4 b Nolbtn.KnpySnKigponfrc, jfz uhf kûpgf cn knmtbücn cn nolbtn mf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf.
Nolbtn.QfstbJrnhKigponfrc, trfz pfrf n knmtbücn cn nolbtn cf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf4
Qrûxghn pfssn, n kûcg`n pfrf n ontën qub pbrhgtgræ trfzbr uhf ghf`bh frhfzbmfcf mfærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf cn Pgmcnws ([fivf knh n utgigtærgn QfgmtOruse, pnr bxbhpin) pfrfn kfhpn cf Jntn<6. Cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n nolbtn OutQfstb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutQfstbKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Ghf`bJNS^KFQF.QfstbJrnhKigponfrc4bmc4
Rtgigzfmcn n nolbtn NpbmCgfin`
Rh fiumn uhf vbz hb su`brgu uhf nutrf hfmbgrf cb kninkfr f jg`urf, fn gmvçs cb sbutgigzfr cf ærbf cb trfmsjbrìmkgf, pncbrèfhns kefhfr n frqugvn (.OHQ) cgrbtfhbmtb, gstn ç
rbfigzfcn knh n usn cb uh nolbtn NpbmCgfin` , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cgfin` , kninqub-n mn jnrhuiærgn b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Jgitbr Frqugvns ogthfp|*.OHQ [bibkgnmf ns tgpns cb frqugvn qub sbrën fobrtns
Mfhb ForbOhp Mnhb cn Nolbtn
Qrûxghn pfssn, n kûcg`n pfrf n ontën qub pbrhgtgræ trfzbr uhf ghf`bh bh frqugvn .OHQ pfrf n kfhpn cf Jntn<6. Cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n nolbtn OutQfstb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutQfstbKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Gj ForbOhp.Bxbkutb tebm Zbrgjgkf sb jng kigkfcn bh NDGhf`bJnt^Fhnstrf.Qgkturb.InfcJrnhJgib( ForbOhp.JgibMfhb )4 Kfrrb`f n frqugvn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
70
bmc4
Bsknief f hfmbgrf qub hfgs ieb f`rfcf.
Nutrn nolbtn gmtbrbssfmtb ç n nolbtn [fvbCgfin , vblf nutrfs utgigzfàòbs snorb bibs mn
fpìmcgkb J
Krgfmcn n jnrhuiærgn pfrf n kfcfstrn cfs hüsgkfs
Knmstrugrbhns n jnrhuiærgn pfrf kfcfstrfr fs hüsgkfs, krgb n jnrhuiærgn knh ofsb mnjnrhuiærgn krgfcn pfrf f tfobif cb kftb`nrgf b jfàf fs sb`ugmtbs fitbrfàòbs<
Fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb mfhb cn jnrhuiærgn pfrf J^HR[GKF.
Kefhb n CftfHncuib CHOfsgkn b krgb hfgs uh nolbtn SSfoib, pfrf jfzbrhns fs krètgkfscfs hüsgkfs cupigkfcfs b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Ofmkn cb Cfcns nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
SfoibMfhb HR[GKF Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoHusgkfKnmj Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs Knc^Cgskn4Muh^Jfgxf Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
_bfcNmiy Srub [nhbmtb ibgturf
Mën bsqubàf cb fitbrfr n prn`rfhf cn CftfHncuib pfrf forgr b jbkefr f mnvf tfobif bkninqub f krètgkf pfrf f tfobif cb hüsgkf, bvbmtn NmZfigcftb cn nolbtn SfoHusgkfMuh^Jfgxf<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoHusgkfMuh^JfgxfZfigcftb([bmcbr< SJgbic)4ob`gm
gj C[Husgkf.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebmob`gm
SfoHusgkfKnmj.BcgtDby4SfoHusgkfKnmj.JgbicOyMfhb('KNC^CG[KN').FsJinft <8 SfoHusgkfKnc^Cgskn.Zfiub4SfoHusgkfKnmj.JgbicOyMfhb('MRH^JFGUF').FsJinft <8 SfoHusgkfMuh^Jfgxf.Zfiub4gj SfoHusgkfKnmj.@ntnDby tebmob`gm
J^Husgkf.BcgtMuh^Jfgxf.[btJnkus4rfgsb Bxkbptgnm.Krbftb('Jfgxf cn KC cupigkfcf')4
bmc4bmc4
bmc4
_bpfrb mn usn cn knhfmcn @ntnDby fn gmvçs cn knhfmcn JgmcDby, bib jng utgigzfcn pnr sb trftfr cb uhf kefvb knhpnstf.
Kninqub tfhoçh f krètgkf pfrf f tfobif cb hüsgkf, bvbmtn NmMbw_bknrc cn nolbtnSfoHusgkf<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoHusgkfMbw_bknrc(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
75
J^Husgkf.BcgtMRH^JFGUF.[btJnkus4bmc4
Rhf üitghf krètgkf sbræ pfrf knmjgrhfrhns fs fitbrfàòbs pfrf f ofsb [VI, prbssgnmbmnvfhbmtb f tbkif J66 b mf pæ`gmf Bvbmts, cì uh cupin kigkd snorb n bvbmtn FjtbrQnst<
prnkbcurb SCH^Ofsgkn.SfoHusgkfFjtbrQnst(Cftf[bt< SCftf[bt)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm [b f ofsb cb cfcns ç pfcrën [VI ob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4 @rfvfmcn fs fitbrfàòbs cf tfobifJ^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4 _bgmgkgf n hncn cb trfmsfàòbs
bmc4bmc4
Cbgxb fpbmfs n ontën Jbkefr4
_bhnvf n Ifobi b n COBcgt cn kfhpn KNC^CG[KN4 b
Hucb f prnprgbcfcb cn Onrcbr[tyib pfrf osCgfin`.
Nosbrvb b knhpfrb knh n cbsbmen cn jnrhuiærgn fofgxn<
Fitbrb gmgkgfihbmtb, f kiæusuif usbs pfrf n CHOfsgkn, bh sb`ugcf f prnprgbcfcb cb tncnsns kfhpns b cn COMfvg`ftnr pfrf CH^Ofsgkn.C[Husgkf.
F prn`rfhfàën cn jnrhuiærgn ç ofsgkfhbmtb f hbshf pfrf fs tfobifs, bmtën fn gmvçs cb pbrcbr tbhpn b bspfàn jfifmcn tucn cb mnvn, nosbrvb n kûcg`n knhpibtn b mntb qub fümgkf hucfmàf bstæ bh prbvbmgr pfrf qub n jnrhuiærgn mën sblf jbkefcn bh tbhpn cbbcgàën nu gmsbràën b knh n bstfcn cn kursnr<
umgt jHusgkf4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,[tcKtris, Jnrhs, COKtris, CO, Outtnms, Hfsd, BxtKtris4
typb SJ^Husgkf 8 kifss(SJnrh)
[krniiOnx< S[krniiOnx4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
77
Ifobi?< SIfobi4BcgtMuh^Jfgxf< SCOBcgt4Ifobi;< SIfobi4BcgtMnh^Husgkf< SCOBcgt4Ifobi3< SIfobi4BcgtMnh^Futnr< SCOBcgt4Ifobi2< SIfobi4BcgtShp^Husgkf< SCOBcgt4COMfvg`ftnr< SCOMfvg`ftnr4Qfmbi6< SQfmbi4Qfmbi?< SQfmbi4Qfmbi;< SQfmbi4OutJbkefr< SOgtOtm4prnkbcurb Jnrh[enw([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4
prgvftb { prgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk { puoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr J^Husgkf< SJ^Husgkf4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs CHOfsgkn4 { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
prnkbcurb SJ^Husgkf.Jnrh[enw([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm Bvbmtn Nm[enw cn nolbtn J^Husgkf
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Husgkf.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm Bvbmtn NmKinsb cn nolbtn J^Husgkf
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Ofsgkn.C[Husgkf, 'Hüsgkf', 'jbkefr' ) tebm ob`gm
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4bxgt4
bmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4
bmc4
bmc.
Mën ç prbkgsn sb prbnkupfr knh f `rfvfàën pfrf n kfhpn KNC^CG[KN, gstn sbræ jbgtnfutnhftgkfhbmtb pbin Cbipeg, hfmtbmcn f gmtb`rgcfcb rbjbrbmkgfi.
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb jHusgkf.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
611
Zfhns f`nrf fitbrfr n ontën cn jnrhuiærgn prgmkgpfi, nolbtn outHusgkf, qub sbræ usfcn pfrf kefhfr bstb sb`umcn.
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutHusgkfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm
ob`gm Hbssf`bCi`('[fivb f bcgàën cn KC fmtbs cb Bcgtfr fs hüsgkfs!',htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNdX, 1)4Bxgt4
bmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4wgte SJ^Husgkf.Krbftb([bij) cn Krgfhns n jnrhuiærgn bh hbhûrgfob`gm
[enwHncfi Kefhfrbhns fqug n mnvn jnrhuiærgnJrbb4 Bighgmfhns n Jnrhuiærgn
bmc4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4
bmc4
Mën bsqubàf cb fcgkgnmfr f prnprgbcfcb usbs
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsCHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }Cgfin`s, { @brbmtb cb Hbmsf`bms }
jKftb`, { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs }
jHusgkf4 { Kfcfstrn cb Hüsgkfs }
Mën bsqubàf tfhoçh cb rbtgrfr ns nolbtns J^Husgkf b J^Ofsgkn cf krgfàënfutnhætgkf, npàën cn hbmu prgmkgpfi kigqub bh Nptgnms | Qrnlbkt..., qufiqubr cüvgcf knmsuitb nkfpètuin fmtbrgnr.
Krgfmcn mnvns Qrnkbcghbmtns @inofgs
Zfhns krgfr hfgs fi`ums prnkbcghbmtns `inofgs, pfrf f mnssn prghbgrn prnkbcghbmtnmntb fs kefhfcfs fns jnrhuiærgns bxtbrmns J^Kftb` b J^Husgkf<
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4
...
...gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
616
Ns knhfmcns igstfcns sb rbpbtbh tfmtn pfrf n prnkbcghbmtn OutGmsKftb`Kigkd b pfrf n prnkbcghbmtn OutHusgkfKigkd , kefhb n jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu b krgb n sb`ugmtb prnkbcghbmtn<
puoigk prnkbcurb Qrbpfrf(Sgpn< onnibfm)4 Fqugjumktgnm KrgtgkfBcgkfn(C[Nrg bh< SCftf[nurkb4 CnVub, FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4
bmc4
vfr ......prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Sgpn< onnibfm)4ob`gm
gj tgpn tebm [b n vfinr cf vfrgævbi tgpn rbkbogcf jnr vbrcfcbgrnob`gm
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Jfz f prghbgrf pfrtbgj COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm
COCgskn.Knhhgt4bmc bisb [bmënob`gm
gj COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm Jfz f sb`umcf pfrtbCOCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4bmc4
bmc4
Hncgjgqub f`nrf fhons ns prnkbcghbmtns cn nolbtn J^Ofsgkn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutGmsKftb Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
...
...
J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Srub)4 Fqugwgte SJ^Kftb`.Krbftb([bij) cn
ob`gm Gmgkgn4Jrbb4
bmc4J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Jfisb)4 Fqug
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutHusgkfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
...
...
J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Srub)4 Fqugwgte SJ^Husgkf.Krbftb([bij) cn ob`gm
Gmgkgn4Jrbb4
bmc4SfoHusgkf._bjrbse4J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Jfisb)4 Fqug
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
61?
Rh sb`umcn prnkbcghbmtn `inofi pncb sbr krgfcn vbrgjgkfmcn ns bvbmtns FjtbrQnst cnsCftfHncuibs Ch^Kftb` b CH^Ofsgkn (bstb sb`umcn bh cngs iu`frbs)4 nosbrvfhns n hbshn prnkbcghbmtn<
gj J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebmob`gm
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.Knhhgt4
J^Hbmu.COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4bmc4
Krgfhns bmtën n sb`ugmtb prnkbcghbmtn mn jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu<
puoigk prnkbcurb @rfvfOfmkn Fqugprnkbcurb Qrbpfrf(Sgpn< onnibfm)4jumktgnm KrgtgkfBcgkfn(C[Nrg bh< SCftf[nurkb4 CnVub, FmtbsCb< [trgm`) < onnibfm4
bmc4
vfr ......
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.@rfvfOfmkn4ob`gm
gj COCgskn.Gs[VIofsbc tebm Bhoutgrbhns ns knhfmcns purns fqug ob`gm
COCgskn.Knhhgt4COCgskn.[tfrtSrfmsfktgnm4
bmc4bmc4
F`nrf suostgtuf ns bvbmtns mns cns CftfHncuibs Ch^Kftb` b CH^Ofsgkn4 pbif sb`ugmtbkefhfcf fn prnkbcghbmtn
ob`gmJ^Hbmu.@rfvfOfmkn4
bmc4
_bpfrb tfhoçh qub jng rbtgrfcn cfs jumàòbs qub jgkfrfh mn jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu fsrbjbrìmkgfs cf ofsb cb cfcns fn jnrhuiærgn (brfh J^Hbmu.COCgskn b jgknu sghpibshbmtbCOCgskn).
Fitbrfmcn n Hbmu pfrf rbkbobr n jnrhuiærgn
F`nrf jgmfihbmtb vfhns rncfr mnssn jnrhuiærgn, pfrf tfmtn prbkgsfhns kefhæ-in ftrfvçs
cn hbmu prgmkgpfi pfrf gstn<6. Kefhb mnvfhbmtb n jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu< mn hbmu prgmkgpfi bsknief Zgbw b Qrnlbkt
Hfmf`br, hfrqub n nolbtn b kigqub snorb n ontën Zgbw jnrh.
?. Kigqub bh Frqugvn, Kfcfstrn, kninqub n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.Kfcfstrn6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4 Srfmsjnrhf n kursnr bh uhf fhpuiebtf
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
61;
J^Ofsgkn <8 SJ^ Ofsgkn.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n jnrhuiærgn bh hbhûrgfJ^ Ofsgkn.Gmgkgn4 Kefhf n jnrhuiærgn ftrfvçs cf ærbf fobrtfJ^ Ofsgkn.Jrbb4 Igobrf f ærbf fobrtf[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4 Srfmsjnrhf n kursnr bh uhf sbtf
bmc4
;.
N nolbtn J^Ofsgkn jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt jOfsgkn bmtën ç mbkbssærgn jfzbr n usn cbstf Rmgt, pfrf tfmtn gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsj[norb, { Lfmbif cn [norb n [gstbhf ... } jKftb`, { Rtgigzfcf pfrf n kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs } jOfsgkn4 { Rtgigzfcf pfrf n kfcfstrn cb KC‗s }
Mën bsqubàf cb rbtgrfr n jnrhuiærgn J^Ofsgkn cf igstf cb jnrhuiærgns krgfcnsfutnhftgkfhbmtb.
3. [fgf cn Kncb Bcgtnr b sfivb n jnrhuiærgn b n prnlbtn.2. Qncbhns f`nrf sfivfr b tbstfr n jnrhuiærgn knhpibtn, pfrf gmkiugr fi`uhfs ghf`bms
utgigzb n QfgmtOruse cn Pgmcnws, nu nutrn utgigtærgn qufiqubr.
:. [b fi`uhf kngsf cbu brrfcf, rbibgf n kfpètuin, nu bmtën knmjgrf tncn n kûcg`n<umgt jOfsgkn4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,[tcKtris, Jnrhs, COKtris, CO, CO@rgcs, Outtnms, @rgcs, Hfsd, BxtKtris4
typb SJ^Ofsgkn 8 kifss(SJnrh)
[krniiOnx< S[krniiOnx4Ifobi?< SIfobi4BcgtMnh^Cgskn< SCOBcgt4Ifobi;< SIfobi4Ifobi3< SIfobi4Ghf`bJnt^Kfpf< SCOGhf`b4Ifobi2< SIfobi4Bcgt[g`^Kftb < SCOBcgt4COMfvg`ftnr< SCOMfvg`ftnr4Qfmbi6< SQfmbi4Qfmbi?< SQfmbi4
Qfmbi3< SQfmbi4OutJbkefr< SOgtOtm4OutInkfigzfr< SOgtOtm4OutHusgkf< SOgtOtm4Ifobi6< SIfobi4KnhonSGQ^CG[KN< SCOKnhonOnx4CO@rgc6< SCO@rgc4COSbxt6< SCOSbxt4OutInkKftb`< S[pbbcOuttnm4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
613
OutGmsKftb`< S[pbbcOuttnm4OutQfstb< S[pbbcOuttnm4{ ForbOhp< SNpbmCgfin`4 [b vnkì utgigznu n nolbtn NpbmCgfin` } prnkbcurb JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4prnkbcurb OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutGmsKftb`Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutQfstbKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutHusgkfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb { prgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk prnkbcurb gmgkgn4
bmc4
vfr J^Ofsgkn< SJ^Ofsgkn4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs CHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib } jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf }
Cgfin`s, { @brbmtb cb Hbmsf`bms }
jKftb`, { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs }jHusgkf4 { Kfcfstrn cb Hüsgkfs }
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.Gmgkgn4ob`gm
CH^Ofsgkn <8 SCH^Ofsgkn.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4[enwHncfi4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn, 'KC', 'Jbkefr') tebm ob`gm
Fktgnm <8 kfMnmb4Bxgt4
bmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4CH^Ofsgkn.Jrbb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr NolQbsqugsf< [trgm`4
ob`gm gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn, 'KC', 'Inkfigzfr') tebm
Bxgt4
NolQbsqugsf <8 CH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgknMnh^Cgskn.Zfiub4
gj GmputVubry('Qbsqugsf','Bmtrb knh n mnhb cn KC (nu pfrtb).', NolQbsqugsf) tebm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
612
CH^Ofsgkn.SfoOfsgkn.JgmcMbfrbst(TNolQbsqugsfX)4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutGmsKftb Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj mnt (CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX) tebm ob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Znkì mën bstæ mn hncn cb bcgàën!',htGmjnrhftgnm,ThoNDX,1)4bxgt4
bmc4
J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Srub)4wgte SJ^Kftb`.Krbftb([bij) cn ob`gm
Gmgkgn4Jrbb4
bmc4J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Jfisb)4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutQfstbKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Ghf`bJNS^KFQF.QfstbJrnhKigponfrc4bmc4
{ Nu sb vnkì utgigznu n nolbtn NpbmCgfin`
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutQfstbKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Gj ForbOhp.Bxbkutb tebm Ghf`bJnt^Fhnstrf.Qgkturb.InfcJrnhJgib( ForbOhp.JgibMfhb )4
bmc4
}
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutHusgkfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX tebm ob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('[fivb f bcgàën cn KC fmtbs cb Bcgtfr fs hüsgkfs!',htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNdX, 1)4Bxgt4
bmc4
J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Srub)4wgte SJ^Husgkf.Krbftb([bij) cn ob`gm
Gmgkgn4Jrbb4bmc4J^Hbmu.Qrbpfrf(Jfisb)4
bmc4
bmc.
Knhfmcns b sufs jumàòbs, pnr nrcbh cb fpfrgàën<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
61:
wgte Trb`gstrn nu nolbtnX cn TknhfmcnsX - Krgf uh hçtncn cb rbjbrìmkgf pfrf n rb`gstrn nu nolbtn.
TtfobifX.JgmcMbfrbst - rbfigzf uhf pbsqugsf fprnxghfcf mf tfobif.
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610
Kfpètuin ZGGSrfofiefmcn knh knmsuitfs
Sncn uh prnlbtn pncb gr pnr rfin fofgxn kfsn n usuærgn mën knmsg`f uhf hfmbgrf bjgkfz bbjgkgbmtb pfrf inkfigzfr sbus rb`gstrns pbrcgcns, fs knmsuitfs fs tfobifs cbvbh fuxgigfr n usuærgn mftfrbjf cb ibhoræ-in qufi n kûcg`n knrrbtn pfrf cbtbrhgmfcf kftb`nr gf, b fs knmsuitfs fns KC‗scbvbh sbr ræpgcfs b prætgkfs, sbmën, jgkfrgf hugtn hfgs prætgkn b jækgi pbsqugsfr hfmufihbmtbkfcf KC tbmtfmcn bmknmtrfr cbtbrhgmfcf hüsgkf cn qub fkbssfr n knhputfcnr pfrf rbfigzfr tfitfrbjf.
Krgfmcn knmsuitfs pfrf tfobifs
N mnssn ontën cb Inkfigzfr (nolbtn outInkfigzfr) mn jnrhuiærgn J^Kftb`, mën ç mbhuh pnukn fhg`ævbi knh n usuærgn, bib snigkgtf fpbmfs uh kûcg`n pfrf inkfigzfr uhf cbtbrhgmfcfkftb`nrgf, hfs sb n mnssn usuærgn mën ibhorfr cbstb kûcg`n> Hfmbgrf gcìmtgkf fknmtbkb knh nmnssn ontën cb pbsqugsf mn nolbtn J^Ofsgkn.
Srfofiefmcn knh @rgc‗s
N nolbtn CO@rgc hnstrfcn mn kfpètuin fmtbrgnr sbrvgræ pbrjbgtfhbmtb pfrf krgfrhns uhf lfmbif qub pbrhgtf fn usuærgn uhf inkfigzfàën hfgs ræpgcf b prætgkf cb uh cbtbrhgmfcn rb`gstrn,vfhns fn trfofien<
Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi fKigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osCgfin` Bstgin cf onrcf cn jnrhuiærgn
Kfptgnm Qbsqugsf Kftb`nrgf Ifobi cn nolbtn (Sfrlf fzui cn jnrhuiærgn)
Mfhb J^[biKftb Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cf lfmbif (kbmtrfigzfcn)
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif uhf rbifàën knh n CftfHncuib CH^Hncbin kninkfmcn-n mfkiæusuif Rsbs, fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs CHHncbin4 { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
615
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<
COMfvg`ftnr (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn (kfsn bstf npàën mën bstblfcgspnmèvbi forf n CftfHncuib CH^Hncbin)
Egmts Rh bh kfcf igmef< Qrghbgrn,Fmtbrgnr, Qrûxghn b Üitghn
Sûpgkns pfrf flucf nm-igmb cn nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Ibjt 5 Qnsgàën f bsqubrcf
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
ZgsgoibOuttnms TmoJgrst, moQrgnr, moMbxt, moIfstX Ontòbs vgsèvbgs
Snp 5 Cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
Pgcte 66; Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
CO@rgc (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcnJnmt H[ [fms [brgj, mnrhfi, 5, fzui
hfrgmenSgpn cf ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn knmtbücn cn co@rgc
Ibjt 5 Qnsgàën á bsqubrcf
Ebg`et 632 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Nptgnms Tc`Sgtibs, c`Gmcgkftnr,c`KniIgmbs, c`_nwIgmbs,c`_nw[bibkt,c`Fiwfws[enw[bibktgnmX
Npàòbs cb bxbkuàën pfrf n nolbtn
SgtibJnmt H[ [fms [brgj, mb`rgtn, 5,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn tètuin cn co@rgc
Snp 35 Cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
Pgcte ;02 Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
HfsdBcgt (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, mnrhfi, 5, fzui hfrgmen Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ibjt 2: Figmefhbmtn f bsqubrcf
Mfhb BctSrbken Mnhb cn nolbtn
Sbxt Knmtbücn cn nolbtn
Pgcte 70 Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
Snp 677 Cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
BcgtHfsd =ff414^ Krgf uhf hæskfrf cb bcgàën pfrf n kfhpn.
Ifobi (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm [g`if< Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnkus BctSrbken Knmtrnib pfrf f pnsgàën cn kursnr
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, mb`rgtn, 5,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ibjt 5 Figmefhbmtn f bsqubrcf
Snp ?16 Cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
617
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odND Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Kfptgnm &ND Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, mnrhfi, 5, prbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Ebg`et ?2 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Egmt Knmjgrhf f pbsqugsf Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Ibjt 6: Figmefhbmtn f bsqubrcf
Mfhb OutNd Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
[pfkgm` ;1 Bspfàn bmtrb n @iype b n Ifobi
Snp ?35 Cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
Pgcte 57 Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odKfmkbi Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Kfptgnm &Kfmkbif Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt, Ebg`et,[enwEgmt, Snp bPgcte
gcìmtgkf fn nolbtn OutNd Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn, fiturf cn nolbtn,Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb, cgstïmkgf cn tnpn b tfhfmencn nolbtn
Egmt Fofmcnmf f pbsqugsf Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgknIbjt ?55 Figmefhbmtn á bsqubrcf
Mfhb OutKfmkbif Mnhb cn nolbtn
[pfkgm` 5 Bspfàn bmtrb n @iype b n Ifobi
Pgcte 57 Ifr`urf cn nolbtn
[pbbcOuttnm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ), fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJC_FPB_6.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Qbsqugsf n kûcg`n sbibkgnmfcn mftfobif
Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Mfhb OutQbsqugsf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Ibjt b Snp Hncn qub n nolbtn jgqub fn ifcncn nolbtn BctSrbken
Qnsgàën bsqubrcf b cgstïmkgf cn tnpn
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb j[biKftb b knhpfrb-n knh n cbsbmen fofgxn<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
661
Qrn`rfhfmcn mn jnrhuiærgn
N kûcg`n pfrf bstb nolbtn mën keb`f f sbr uh trnàn bstrfmen, hbcnmen b bsqugsgtn, mfvbrcfcb ç ftç obh sghpibs, ofstf fpbmfs knhprbbmcbrhns n sbu jumkgnmfhbmtn, n nolbtn CO@rgc jfræ tncn n trfofien, hnstrfmcn fn usuærgn ns rb`gstrns kfcfstrfcns bh uhf tfobif, f pfrtb qubmns rbstf b prn`rfhfr n nolbtn outQbsqugsf cb hfmbgrf qufsb gcìmtgkf fn mnssn fmtg`n ontën cb pbsqugsf<
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën outQbsqugsf, rbspnmsævbi pbif ftgvfàën cf pbsqugsf<
6.
Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<prnkbcurb SJ^[biKftb.OutQbsqugsfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Gmgkgf n prnkbcghbmtnob`gm
gj (BctSrbken.Sbxt 8 '') tebm Zbrgjgkf sb jng cg`gtfcn fi`nob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Mën jng bspbkgjgkfcn uhf sg`if!', htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4Bxgt4 Fofmcnmf n prnkbcghbmtn
bmc4try Ftgvf n knhfmcn Sry
CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.JgmcMbfrbst(TBctSrbken.SbxtX)4 Jfz f pbsqugsf mf tfobifbxkbpt Kfsn fknmtbàf fi`uhf jfief
nm bxkbptgnm cn Hbssf`bCi`('[g`if bspbkgjgkfcf bstæ gmvæigcf!',htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4
bmc4bmc4 Sbrhgmf n prnkbcghbmtn
N knhfmcn Sry jng utgigzfcn pfrf prbvbrhns qufiqubr pnssgogigcfcb cb brrn curfmtb fbxbkuàën cf pbsqugsf.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
666
Bmvgfmcn b rbkbobmcn vfrgævbgs
Bxgstbh cufs hfmbgrf cb cngs jnrhuiærgns trnkfrbh vfinrbs cb vfrgævbgs, fhofs ftrfvçscf krgfàën cb vfrgævbgs cbjgmgcfs mf sbàën puoigk, f cgjbrbmàf bstæ nu mën mf utgigzfàën cnknhfmcn prnpbrty.
Mn mnssn fmtg`n ontën Inkfigzfr, bmvgfhns pfrf f jumàën GmputVubry n kûcg`n cfkftb`nrgf knrrbmtb b f jumàën mns cbvnivb n kûcg`n cg`gtfcn, pnrqub mën jfzbrhns n hbshn<
Krgfmcn uhf vfrgævbi cb bskrgtf b ibgturf6. Zæ pfrf n Kncb Bcgtnr , b gmsgrf n trbken fofgxn<
prgvftb Qfrtb cb prnkbcghbmtns prgvfcns jumktgnm @btSrbken< [trgm`4 Jumàën pfrf bmvgfr f vfrgævbi prnkbcurb [btSrbken(MbwSrbken< [trgm`)4 Qrnkbcghbmtn pfrf rbkbobr n trbken
puoigk Qfrtb cb prnkbcghbmtns püoigknsvKrgf< Onnibfm4 Krgf uhf vfrgævbi püoigkfprnpbrty KfhpSrbken< [trgm` rbfc @btSrbken wrgtb [btSrbken4 Gmgkgfigzf uh vfrgævbi
bmc4
N knhfmcn Qrnpbrty cbkifrf uhf vfrgævbi cf sb`ugmtb hfmbgrf, f suo-npàën _bfc bmvgf uh strgm` ftrfvçs cf jumàën @btSrbken, b f suo-npàën Prgtb rbkbob n vfinr bmvgfcnftrfvçs cf vfrgævbi pfrf n prnkbcghbmtn [btSrbken.
?. Cbkifrfmcn n prnkbcghbmtn b f jumàën<
jumktgnm SJ^[biKftb.@btSrbken< [trgm`4 Gmèkgn cf jumàënob`gm
gj vKrgf tebm Zbrgjgkf sb n CftfHncuib mën bxgstgfob`gm
_bsuit <8 CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb nr[G@^KFSB@.Zfiub4 Ftrgoug fn rbsuitfcn cf jumàën n vfinr
cn kfhpn [G@^KFSB@CH^Hncbin.Jrbb4
bmc4 bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^[biKftb.[btSrbken(MbwSrbken< [trgm`)4 Gmèkgn cn prnkbcghbmtnob`gm
gj vKrgf tebm [b n CftfHncuib mën bstgvbr krgfcnob`gm
CH^Hncbin <8 SCH^Hncbin.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n CftfHncuibCH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.JgmcDby(TMbwSrbkenX)4 Inkfigzf n vfinr cf strgm` bmvgfcf
bmc4bmc4
Fitbrfmcn n jnrhuiærgn jKftb`
Cbvbhns f`nrf hucfr n kûcg`n cn jnrhuiærgn J^Kftb` pfrf ftgvfrhns f pbsqugsf,ibhorb-sb qub n CftfHncuib ç n hbshn b f tfobif tfhoçh, bmtën mën bxgstb f mbkbssgcfcb cbbmvgfrhns nu trfzbrhns uhf vfrgævbi knh f sg`if cf Kftb`nrgf, pnrçh ibhorbhns cn ontën cbkfmkbifr, prbkgsfhns bmtën, kfsn n jnrhuiærgn mën sfgf ftrfvçs cn ontën cb Nd , rbtnrmfhns fnrb`gstrn fmtbrgnr<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
66?
Kefhb n jnrhuiærgn J^Kftb` ftrfvçs cn nolbtn Qrnlbkt Hfmf`br , kigqub mn nolbtnoutInkfigzfr <6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Kftb`.OutInkfigzfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4 Fqug pbrhfmbkb n hbshnvfr
Hfrkf_b`< SOnndhfrd4 Krgf uhf vfrgævbi cb hfrkfob`gm
gj J^Hbmu.KrgtgkfBcgkfn(CH^Hncbin.C[Kftb`nr, 'Kftb`nrgf', 'inkfigzfr' ) tebm Bxgt4
wgte CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb` cn ob`gm
Hfrkf_b` <8 @btOnndHfrd4 [fivf f pnsgàën cn rb`gstrnJ^[biKftb <8 SJ^[biKftb.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n jnrhuiærgn cb knmsuitfJ^[biKftb.vKrgf <8 Jfisb4 [btf f vfrgævbi püoigkfgj mnt J^[biKftb.[enwHncfi 8 hrNd tebm Kfsn f sfècf cn jnrhuiærgn mën sblf n ontën ND@ntnOnndHfrd(Hfrkf_b`)4 _btnrmf fn rb`gstrn hfrkfcn
J^[biKftb.Jrbb4 Bighgmf n jnrhuiærgn cb knmsuitfJrbbOnndhfrd(Hfrkf_b`)4 Igobrf f vfrgævbi cb hfrkf
bmc4bmc4
Ns knhfmcns cb OnndHfrd sën tncns fpigkfcns f tfobif pnr gssn jng utgigzfcn bhknmlumtn knh uh knhfmcn wgte pfrf f sghpigjgkfàën cn kûcg`n.
F vfrgævbi cbkifrfcf nolQbsqugsf mën ç hfgs mbkbssærgf.
Mën ç mbkbssærgn krgtgkfr n knhfmcn JgmcDby pngs n kûcg`n rbtnrmfcn pbif vfrgævbi b
pb`n cgrbtfhbmtb cn frqugvn.
Mën bsqubàf qub n nolbtn J^[biKftb jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt j[biKftb bmtën ç mbkbssærgnjfzbr n usn cbstf Rmgt, pfrf tfmtn fitbrb n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf } CHHncbin, { _bjbrbmkgf fn CftfHncuib }Cgfin`s, { Rtgigzfcn pfrf n knmtrnib cf jumàën Hbssf`bCi` } j[biKftb4 { [bibkgnmf Kftb`nrgf }
Fitbrfmcn n jnrhuiærgn jOfsgkn
Zfhns jgmfihbmtb tnrmfr ütgi n nolbtn outInkKftb` (ontën pfrf inkfigzfr f kftb`nrgf).6. Kefhb n jnrhuiærgn J^Ofsgkn b cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn outInkKftb`
prnkbcurb SJ^Ofsgkn.OutInkKftb`Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj mnt (CH^Ofsgkn.C[Ofsgkn.[tftb gm TcsBcgt, csGmsbrtX) tebm
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
66;
ob`gm Hbssf`bCi`('Znkì mën bstæ mn hncn cb bcgàën!', htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4Bxgt4
bmc4
J^[biKftb <8 SJ^[biKftb.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4 Krgf n jnrhuiærgn cb knmsuitf
J^[biKftb.vKrgf <8 Srub4 [btf f vfrgævbi püoigkfJ^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken <8 Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.Sbxt4 Ftrgoug f værgfvbi cbkifrfcn n vfinr cn
kfhpn cf tbif (cgspfrf f jumàën [btSrbken)gj J^[biKftb.[enwHncfi 8 hrNd tebm Bxbkutf n nolbtn J^[biKftb Bcgt[G@^KFSB@.Sbxt <8 J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken4 cgspfrf n prnkbcghbmtn @btSrbken
J^[biKftb.Jrbb4 Bighgmf n jnrhuiærgn cb knmsuitfbmc4
Mntb qub pfrf bssb kfsn mën qubrbhns inkfigzfr uhf kftb`nrgf, hfs sgh ftrgougr fnnolbtn BcgtKNC^KFSB@ fn vfinr cn J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken inkfigzfcn
Mën bsqubàf qub n nolbtn J^[biKftb jfz pfrtb cf Rmgt j[biKftb bmtën ç mbkbssærgnjfzbr n usn cbstf Rmgt, pfrf tfmtn fitbrb n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n (fofgxn cf cgrbtgvf cb knhpgifàën)<
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs CHOfsgkn, { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
jHbmu, { Hbmu Qrgmkgpfi cn [gstbhf } Cgfin`s, { @brbmtb cb Hbmsf`bms }
jKftb`, { Kfcfstrn cb Kftb`nrgfs } jHusgkf, { Kfcfstrn cb Hüsgkfs } j[biKftb4 { [bibkgnmf Kftb`nrgf }
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn, rbtgrb-n cf ærbf cb jnrhuiærgns futn-krbftb, bxbkutb b tbstb n prnlbtn.
[b fi`uhf kngsf cbu brrfcf, rbibgf n kfpètuin, nu bmtën knmjgrf n kûcg`n pfrf fJ^[biKftb<
umgt j[biKftb4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, [ysRtgis, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Jnrhs, Cgfin`s,BxtKtris, COKtris, Outtnms, [tcKtris, @rgcs, CO@rgcs4
typb
SJ^[biKftb 8 kifss(SJnrh)COMfvg`ftnr6< SCOMfvg`ftnr4CO@rgc6< SCO@rgc4BctSrbken< SHfsdBcgt4Ifobi6< SIfobi4OutND< SOgtOtm4OutKfmkbif< SOgtOtm4OutQbsqugsf< S[pbbcOuttnm4prnkbcurb OutQbsqugsfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
663
ZbKrgf < onnibfm4jumktgnm @btSrbken< [trgm`4prnkbcurb [btSrbken(MbwSrbken< [trgm`)4
puoigk prnpbrty KfhpSrbken< [trgm` rbfc @btSrbken wrgtb [btSrbken4
bmc4
vfr J^[biKftb< SJ^[biKftb4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs CHKftb`4 { _bjbrìmkgf fn CftfHncuib }
jumktgnm SJ^[biKftb.@btSrbken< [trgm`4ob`gm
gj vKrgf tebmob`gm
_bsuit <8 CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr[G@^KFSB@.Zfiub4CH^Hncbin.Jrbb4
bmc4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^[biKftb.[btSrbken(MbwSrbken< [trgm`)4ob`gm
gj vKrgf tebm ob`gm
CH^Hncbin <8 SCH^Hncbin.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.JgmcDby(TMbwSrbkenX)4
bmc4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^[biKftb.OutQbsqugsfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj (BctSrbken.Sbxt 8 '') tebm ob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Mën jng bspbkgjgkfcn uhf sg`if!', htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4Bxgt4
bmc4
try CH^Hncbin.SfoKftb`nr.JgmcMbfrbst(TBctSrbken.SbxtX)4
bxkbpt
nm bxkbptgnm cn Hbssf`bCi`('[g`if bspbkgjgkfcf bstæ gmvæigcf!',htBrrnr, ThoNDX, 1)4bmc4bmc4
bmc.
Knhfmcns b sufs jumàòbs, pnr nrcbh cb fpfrgàën<
Qrnpbrty TvfrgævbiX< TSgpnX rbfc TjumàënX wrgtb TprnkbcghbmtnX - Cbkifrf fs prnprgbcfcbs pfrf uhf vfrgævbi cn tgpnibgturf (rbfc) b cn tgpn bskrgtf (wrgtb).
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
662
_bsuit - knmstfmtb utgigzfcf pfrf n rbtnrmn cb uhf jumàën.
Sry TcbkifrfàòbsX - pfifvrf rbsbrvfcf pfrf hfrkfr f prghbgrf pfrtb cb uh oinkn cb bxkbàën.
Bxkbpt Toinkn cb bxkbàënX - kfsn fi`uhf cbkifrfàën cbmtrn cb uh oinkn cb prntbàën try fknmtbàf brrn bstb oinkn çbxbkutfcn.
Nm Ttgpn cb bxkbàënX cn TcbkifrfàënX - bh knmlumtn knh n oinkn try...bxkbpt cbjgmb n kûcg`n pfrf bxbkutfr uh oinkncb bxkbàën.
Krgfmcn knmsuitfs pfrf n kfcfstrn
Fkrbcgtn qub vnkì cbvb tbr fkefcn bstrfmen n tètuin cfs knmsuitfs cn hbmu (KC‗s b
Hüsgkfs pnr KC‗s), knhn læ hbmkgnmbg fmtbs cbvbhns pbrhgtgr fn mnssn usuærgn knmsuitfs æ`bgs pbins frqugvns, sbmën mën vfibræ f pbmf vbrgjgkfr mn knhputfcnr nmcb bstæ cbtbrhgmfcf hüsgkf,sbrgf hfgs prætgkn prnkuræ-if hfmufihbmtb.
Knmsuitfs [VI
N nolbtn Vubry , utgigzfcn fmtbrgnrhbmtb pfrf trfofiefr knhn uh knmtfcnr, ç hfgs pncbrnsn cn qub sb ghf`gmf, utgigzfmcn-n obh mns pncbhns cfr pncbrbs fn mnssn usuærgn qub bib lfhfgs ghf`gmnu qub jnssb pnssèvbi, b vnkì vbræ qub trfofiefr knh jgitrns pncb-sb trfmsjnrhfr bhuhf f`rfcævbi surprbsf.
_bfigzfmcn Knmsuitfs knh Jgitrns
Ns jgitrns sën rbfigzfcns pfrf rbjgmfr cbtbrhgmfcns rb`gstrns cbmtrn cb uh nu hfgsfrqugvns, hnstrfrbg cb jnrhf sghpibs knhn utgigzæ-in, nosbrvb n jnrhuiærgn f sb`ugr<
Zfhns krgfr uh jnrhuiærgn gcìmtgkn f bstb qub sbrvgræ pfrf f hnmtf`bh cns jgitrns<
Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi fKigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
66:
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osCgfin` Bstgin cf onrcf cn nolbtn
Kfptgnm Cbjgmb Jgitrns Ifobi cn nolbtn
Mfhb J^Jgitrn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cn nolbtn
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<
6
Qfrtb - hnmtf`bh cn jgitrn
Qfmbi (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - sbrvgræ pfrf `ufrcfr n oinkn cb hnmtf`bh cnjgitrn, flustb sbu tfhfmen pfrf kfobr ns nutrns nolbtns b kninqub orfmkn pfrf f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm. Fmtbs cb krgfr ns nutrns nolbtns sbhprb hfrqub bstb nolbtn.
; nolbtns Ifobi (bmknmtrfcns mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Kfhpn, Krgtçrgn b Knhpfrfàën
(rbspbktgvfhbmtb)
Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
KnhonOnx (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - qub frhfzbmfræ n mnhb cns kfhpns cnfrqugvn, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb KOKfhpn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, FzuiHfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Gtbhs Mnhb4 Sgpn b Kftb`nrgf (uh bhkfcf igmef)
Knmtbücn cn nolbtn
[tyib ksCrnpCnwm Bstgin cn nolbtnSbxt Sbxtn f sbr hnstrfcn pfrf n Knhon qufmcn mfcf jnr
sbibkgnmfcn
KnhonOnx (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - qub frhfzbmfræ ns krgtçrgns cb pbsqugsf,fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb KOKrgtbrgn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, FzuiHfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Gtbhs 84 =4 94 =84 984 9= b Cbmtrn cb Knmtbücn cn nolbtn (kninqub uh bh kfcf igmef)
[tyib ksCrnpCnwm Bstgin cn nolbtn
Sbxt Sbxtn f sbr hnstrfcn pfrf n Knhon qufmcn mfcf jnrsbibkgnmfcn
Bcgt (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - qub frhfzbmfræ n knmtbücn f sbr knhpfrfcn,fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb BcgtKnhpfrf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, FzuiHfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
660
Sbxt Sbxtn f sbr hnstrfcn pfrf n kfhpn
[pbbcOuttnm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub knmjgrhfræ f knmcgàën pfrfn jgitrn bskniegcf, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSS
NM[YKNQW.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Knmjgrhf ns cfcns cg`gtfcns Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Mfhb OutBmvgf Mnhb cn nolbtn
[pbbcOuttnm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - bstb ontën sbrvgræ pfrf kefhfr f tbifcb knmsuitf f tfobif, jgkfmcn nrg`gmfihbmtb gmvgsèvbi, sbmcn ftgvfcn kfsn n kfhpnbskniegcn sblf f ’sg`if cf kftb`nrgf‘, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YIFMSB_MF.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn (knmsuitb n kfp.:,krgfàën cn nolbtn OutInkKftb` snorb f ghf`bh)
Egmt Qbsqugsf Kftb`nrgf Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cb
uhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Mfhb OutKnmsuitf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Zgsgoib Jfisb Nolbtn cbvb sbr hnstrfcn
?
Qfrtb - sbrvgræ pfrf `ufrcfr n jgitrn hnmtfcn b bsknmcbræ n jgitrn bh igm`uf`bh purf[VI, flustb sbu tfhfmen pfrf kfobr ns nutrns nolbtns
@rnupOnx (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - sbrvgræ pfrf `ufrcfr ns oinkns hnmtfcnscn jgitrn, flustb sbu tfhfmen pfrf kfobr ns nutrns nolbtns, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs
prnprgbcfcbs<Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Jgitrn Knhpibtn Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Bcgt (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc ) - qub hnstrfræ fn usuærgn n jgitrn pnr bib krgfcn,bib nkupfræ tncf f ærbf gmtbrmf cn nolbtn @rnupOnx, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osMnmb Bstgin cf onrcf
Kninr kiOtmJfisb (hbshf knr cn nolbtn@rnupOnx)
Knr cn nolbtn
Kti;C Jfisb Qnssug cbsbmen bh ;C
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5,Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Mfhb JgitrnZb Mnhb cn nolbtn
_bfcNmiy Srub Nolbtn fpbmfs pfrf ibgturf, mën pbrhgtgcf fitbrfàën cnsbu knmtbücn.
Bcgt (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc )- qub hnmtfræ n mnssn jgitrn bh igm`uf`bh purf[VI, bib jgkfræ gmvgsèvbi bh hncn cb bxbkuàën, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
665
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb Jgitrn[VI Mnhb cn nolbtn
Zgsgoib Jfisb [b n nolbtn jgkfræ vgsèvbi
; Qfrtb - ontòbs cb knmtrnib
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf kiæusuif ’B - Sgpn< Rhb Nutrn‘, jgkfræ gmgkgfihbmtb cbsfogigtfcn bh hncn cb bxbkuàën, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb OutB Mnhb cn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJNIC_CNK.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Rh ’b‘ Nutrn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Kfptgnm &B Ifobi cn Nolbtn
Bmfoibc Jfisb Efogigtfàën pfrf n usn
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi )- ontën qub sbrvgræ cb ’Nu - Sgpn< Rh nu
Nutrn‘, jgkfræ gmgkgfihbmtb cbsfogigtfcn bh hncn cb bxbkuàën, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb OutNu Mnhb cn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJNMSONIC.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtnEgmt Rh ’nu‘ Nutrn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Kfptgnm N&u Ifobi cn Nolbtn
Bmfoibc Jfisb Efogigtfàën pfrf n usn
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf ighpfr n jgitrn, jgkfrægmgkgfihbmtb cbsfogigtfcn bh hncn cb bxbkuàën, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb OutIghpfr Mnhb cn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YKIBF_.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Fpf`f n jgitrn bxgstbmtb Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Kfptgnm &Ighpfr Ifobi cn Nolbtn
Bmfoibc Jfisb Efogigtfàën pfrf n usn
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
667
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf knmjgrhfr n jgitrn, bibjgkfræ gmgkgfihbmtb cbsfogigtfcn bh hncn cb bxbkuàën, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odND Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Mfhb OutND Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Knmjgrhf n jgitrn bcgtfcn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Kfptgnm &ND Ifobi cn Nolbtn
Bmfoibc Jfisb Efogigtfàën pfrf n usn
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf fofmcnmfr n jgitrn,fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr CbskrgàënDgmc odKFMKBI Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,
futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Mfhb OutKfmkbif Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Kfmkbif n jgitrn bcgtfcn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
Kfptgnm &Kfmkbifr Ifobi cn Nolbtn
Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn
Fmtbs cb prnssb`ugrhns sfivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb jJgitrn.
N kûcg`n pfrf bstb nolbtn ç sghpibs rbqubr fpbmfs qub vnkì knhprbbmcf qub n jnrhuiærgncbvb jfzbr. Bstb jnrhuiærgn sbrvgræ cb ofsb pfrf f hnmtf`bh cb uh jgitrn qub sbræ hnstrfcn pnruh co@rgc knmstruècn mn sb`umcn jnrhuiærgn, cbvbhns cbvnivbr n kûcg`n qub knhpibtfræ fbxbkuàën cb uh nolbtn Vubry kninkfcn mn sb`umcn. Bx.< [BIBKS * J_NH OF[GKN PEB_BTknmcgàën krgfcf mn jnrhuiærgnX <
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën outBmvgf, qufmcn jnr knmjgrhfcn ns cfcns cg`gtfcns<6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutBmvgfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr MnhbKfhpn < [trgm`4 Krgf uhf vfrgævbi pfrf frhfzbmfr n
mnhb rbfi cn kfhpnob`gm
kfsb koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx nj [bibkgnmf n mnhb cn kfhpn knrrbtn1 { Mnhb } < MnhbKfhpn<8 'MNH^CG[KN'4 pfrf n [VI6 { Sgpn } < MnhbKfhpn<8 'SGQ^CG[KN'4? { Kftb`nrgf } < MnhbKfhpn<8 '[G@^KFSB@'4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?1
bmc4
gj (koKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx 8 :) tebm sb n Krgtçrgn bskniegcn jnr ’Cbmtrn cb‘ Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn knhfmcn ’IGDB‘ bh [VI
+ ' ' + 'Igdb ''%' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + '%'')'bisb
Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn kfsn knmtrærgn ftrgoug n vfinr+ ' ' + koKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + '''' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + ''')'4 bskniegcn ’=, 9 , =8, 98 b 9=‘
JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + koKfhpn.Sbxt + ' ' + Fkbrtf n jgitrnkoKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + ' ' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt4
koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64 _bsbtf ns trìs kfhpns bmvnivgcnskoKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 ''4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4 Cbsfogigtf ns kfhpns cb bcgàënkoKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Jfisb4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4 Efogigtf ns ontòbsOutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
bmc4
kfsn n sgstbhf qub vnkì cbsbmvnivbr tbmef kfhpns cn tgpn Cftf fitbrb f igmef cnkrgtçrgn pfrf n sb`ugmtb<
gj (koKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx 8 :) tebm Krgtçrgn "Cbmtrn cb"gj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx gm Tmühbrn cn kfhpns cftfX tebm Zì ns kfhpns Cftf
Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn + ' ' + Knmcgàën pfrf bstb tgpn cb khp'Igdb ''%' +JnrhftCftbSghb('HH/CC/WW',[trSnCftb(BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt))+ '%'')'
bisb Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn + ' ' + Knmcgàën knhuh pfrf n IGDB
'Igdb ''%' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + '%'')'bisb Fs nutrfs knmcgàòbs
gj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx 8 gm Tmühbrn cn kfhpns cftfX tebm Zì ns kfhpns CftfJgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn + ' ' +
koKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + '''' +JnrhftCftbSghb('HH/CC/WW',[trSnCftb(BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt)) + ''')'
bisb Knmcgàòbs pfrf nutrns kfhpnsJgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn + ' ' +koKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + '''' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + ''')'4
...n rbstn jgkfræ gcìmtgkn. Mën bsqubàf mn knhfmcn R[B[ kninkfr f ogoigntbkf [ysRtgis pfrf f jumàën JnrhftCftbSghb
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën outB, qufmcn sbræ bskniegcf ’b‘ uhf nutrf knmcgàën< 6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?6
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutBKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + ' B '4 Fitbrf ns jgitrnsJgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + ' Fmc '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4 Efogigtf ns kfhpns cb bcgàënkoKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4 Cbsfogigtf ns ontòbsOutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën outNu, qufmcn sbræ bskniegcf ’nu‘ uhf nutrf knmcgàën< 6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutNuKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
ob`gm JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + ' Nu '4 Fitbrf ns jgitrnsJgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + ' Nr '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4 Efogigtf ns kfhpns cb bcgàënkoKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4 Cbsfogigtf ns ontòbsOutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën outIghpf, qufmcn jnr ighpn ns jgitrns<6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutIghpfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64 Gmgkgf tncfs fs knmcgàòbskoKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 ''4JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 ''4Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 '[bibkt * jrnh Ofsgkn webrb '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4 Efogigtf ns kfhpns cb bcgàënkoKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4 Cbsfogigtf ns ontòbsOutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
Vufmcn n jnrhuiærgn jnr krgfcn ç gmgkgfcn n jgitrn<
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6??
6. [bibkgnmb n nolbtn J^Jgitrn mf tbif cb bvbmtns cì uh cupin kigkd snorb f npàënNmKrbftb<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 ''4 Ighpf n jgitrn vgsèvbiJgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 '[bibkt * jrnh OF[GKN webrb '4 Gmgkgf n jgitrn bsknmcgcn
bmc4
Kfsn n kfhpn bskniegcn sblf ’[g`if cf Kftb`nrgf‘ ç mbkbssærgn efogigtfr n ontën cbknmsuitf<6. [bibkgnmb n nolbtn KOKfhpn mf tbif cb bvbmtns cì uh cupin kigqub mf npàën
NmKefm`b<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.KOKfhpnKefm b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
KOKrgtbrgn.[btJnkus4 Cbsvgf n jnkn pfrf n prûxghn kfhpngj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx 8 ? tebm [b n kfhpn sbibkgnmf jnr [G@^KFSB@
OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Srub Snrmf vgsèvbi n nolbtn OutKnmsuitfbisb [bmën
OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Jfisb4 Snrmf gmvgsèvbi n nolbtn OutKnmsuitfbmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n nolbtn OutKnmsuitf qub jfræ f knmsuitf cb kftb`nrgf<6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutKnmsuitfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx 8 ? tebm [b n kfhpn jnr [G@^KFSB@ob`gm
J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken <8 BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt4 Bmvgf n kfhpngj J^[biKftb.Gmgkgn 8 hrNd tebm Zbrgjgkf sb jng rbtnrmfcn ND
BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken4 Srfmsjbrb n kfhpnbmc4
bmc4
Qbrjuhfrgf pfrf n nolbtn KOKrgtbrgn qufmcn sbibkgnmfcn uh krgtçrgn sbræ n knmtrnibtrfmsjbrgcn pfrf n kfhpn sb`ugmtb<6. [bibkgnmb n nolbtn mf tbif cb bvbmtns b cì uh cupin kigqub mf npàën NmKefm`b<
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.KOKrgtbrgnKefm`b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
BcgtKnhpfrf.[btJnkus4 Cbsvgf n jnkn pfrf n prûxghn kfhpnbmc4
Mbkbssgtfhns f`nrf krgfr uhf vfrgævbi knhuh qub cbvnivbræ n kûcg`n [VI pfrf f tbif
sbkumcærgf< Srfmsjgrf pfrf f lfmbif cn Kncb Bcgtnr<
6. Fpûs n knhfmcn Q_GZFSB cg`gtb<
prgvftb jumktgnm @bt[VI< SBcgt4 Gmgkgf uhf jumàën Qfrtgkuifr
puoigk prnpbrty [VI[trgm` < SBcgt rbfc @bt[VI4 Gmgkgf uhf vfrgævbi püoigkf sû cb ibgturf
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?;
vfr J^Jgitrn< SJ^Jgitrn4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs Rtgigzfàën cfs ogoigntbkfsj[biKftb4 [bibkgnmf Kftb`nrgf
jumktgnm SJ^Jgitrn.@bt[VI< SBcgt4ob`gm _bsuit <8 Jgitrn[VI4 Bmvgf knhn rbsuitfcn pfrf f vfrgævbi n jgitrn bsknmcgcn
bmc4
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn, tbstb n prnlbtn.
[b fi`uhf kngsf cbu brrfcf, rbibgf n kfpètuin, nu bmtën knmjgrf n kûcg`n pfrf f J^Jgitrn<
umgt Jjgitrn4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Jnrhs,Knmtrnis, Outtnms, [tcKtris, BxtKtris4
typb SJ^Jgitrn 8 kifss(SJnrh)Qfmbi6< SQfmbi4KOKfhpn< SKnhonOnx4KOKrgtbrgn< SKnhonOnx4BcgtKnhpfrf< SBcgt4
OutBmvgf< S[pbbcOuttnm4@rnupOnx6< S@rnupOnx4Ifobi6< SIfobi4Ifobi?< SIfobi4Ifobi;< SIfobi4OutKfmkbif< SOgtOtm4OutB< SOgtOtm4OutNu< SOgtOtm4Ifobi3< SIfobi4JgitrnZb< SBcgt4Jgitrn[VI< SBcgt4OutNd< SOgtOtm4OutIghpf< SOgtOtm4
OutKnmsuitf< S[pbbcOuttnm4prnkbcurb OutBmvgfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutBKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutNuKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutIghpfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb KOKfhpnKefm`b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutKnmsuitfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb KOKrgtbrgnKefm`b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?3
jumktgnm @bt[VI< SBcgt4puoigk
prnpbrty [VI[trgm` < SBcgt rbfc @bt[VI4bmc4
vfr
J^Jgitrn< SJ^Jgitrn4ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs j[biKftb4
jumktgnm SJ^Jgitrn.@bt[VI< SBcgt4ob`gm _bsuit <8 Jgitrn[VI4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutBmvgfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr MnhbKfhpn < [trgm`4
ob`gm kfsb koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx nj
1 { Mnhb } < MnhbKfhpn<8 'MNH^CG[KN'46 { Sgpn } < MnhbKfhpn<8 'SGQ^CG[KN'4? { Kftb`nrgf } < MnhbKfhpn<8 '[G@^KFSB@'4
bmc4
gj (koKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx 8 :) tebm Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn
+ ' ' + 'Igdb ''%' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + '%'')'
bisb Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + '(' + MnhbKfhpn
+ ' ' + koKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + '''' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt + ''')'4
JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + koKfhpn.Sbxt + ' ' +koKrgtbrgn.Sbxt + ' ' + BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt4
koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64koKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 ''4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4koKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Jfisb4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutBKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?2
ob`gm JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + ' B '4Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + ' Fmc '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4koKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutNuKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 JgitrnZb.Sbxt + ' Nu '4Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt + ' Nr '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4koKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutIghpfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64koKrgtbrgn.GtbhGmcbx <8 -64
BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 ''4JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 ''4Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 '[bibkt * jrnh OF[GKN webrb '4
koKfhpn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4koKrgtbrgn.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4BcgtKnhpfrf.Bmfoibc <8 Srub4
OutB.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNu.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutNd.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4OutIghpf.Bmfoibc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm JgitrnZb.Sbxt <8 ''4Jgitrn[VI.Sbxt <8 '[bibkt * jrnh Ofsgkn webrb '4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.KOKfhpnKefm b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
KOKrgtbrgn.[btJnkus4
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?:
gj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx 8 ? tebm OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Srub
bisb OutKnmsuitf.Zgsgoib <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.OutKnmsuitfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj koKfhpn.GtbhGmcbx 8 ? tebm ob`gm
J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken <8 BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt4gj J^[biKftb.Gmgkgn 8 hrNd tebm BcgtKnhpfrf.Sbxt <8 J^[biKftb.KfhpSrbken4
bmc4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^Jgitrn.KOKrgtbrgnKefm`b([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
BcgtKnhpfrf.[btJnkus4bmc4
bmc.
Mën jng kninkfcn mbmeuh knhfmcn qub læ mën tbmef sgcn vgstn fmtbrgnrhbmtb
Krgfmcn n jnrhuiærgn @brbmtb cn Jgitrn
Krgfcn n jnrhuiærgn fmtbrgnr, f gcçgf f`nrf ç f sb`ugmtb, krgfrbhns uh nutrn jnrhuiærgnqub knmtbræ uh nolbtn co@rgc pfrf hnstrfr tncns ns kfhpns cb cbtbrhgmfcf tfobif, qufmcn jnrkigkfcn n ontën jgitrfr, sbræ cgspfrfcn n jnrhuiærgn fmtbrgnr, fn rbtnrmfr n usuærgn pncbræ
ftgvfr/cbsftgvfr n jgitrn ftrfvçs cn [pbbcOuttnm (kfcbfcn), nu fgmcf sbræ pnssèvbi bcgtfr uhrb`gstrn sbibkgnmfcn <
Zfhns krgfr uh jnrhuiærgn gcìmtgkn f bstb qub sbrvgræ pfrf n `brbmkgfhbmtn cn jgitrn<
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?0
Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi fKigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osCgfin` Bstgin cf onrcf cn nolbtn
Kfptgnm Knmsuitf fns Cgskns Ifobi cn nolbtn
Mfhb J^KnmCgsk Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cn nolbtn
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<
Sfoib (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) - Sfobif qub sb fitbrmfræ knh f qubry, fitbrbfs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb FigfsCgskn Mnhb cn Figfs nu f inkfigzfàën cn cgrbtûrgn cfstfobifs
SfoibMfhb OF[GKN.COJ Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
Mfhb SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs MNH^CG[KN Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
Cftf[nurkb (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) - Qnsgkgnmb-n fn ifcn cn nolbtnSfoOfsgkn. , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Vubry (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) - Vubry qub sb fitbrmfræ knh f tfobif, fitbrbfs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb FigfsCgskn Mnhb cn Figfs nu f inkfigzfàën cn cgrbtûrgn cfstfobifs
[VI [BIBKS * J_NH OF[GKN Knhfmcn [VI pfrf knmsuitf
Mfhb VryOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
COMfvg`ftnr (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis) - Ofrrf cb mfvb`fàën qub sbrvgræ pfrf fmcfr snorb ns rb`gstrn, ibhorb-sb mën cbvb sbr pbrhgtgcf hfmutbmàën mnshbshns<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb C[Ofsgkn Cftf[nurkb fssnkgfcn
ZgsgoibOuttnms TmoJgrst, moQrgnr, moMbxt, moIfstX Ontòbs vgsèvbgs
Egmts Qrghbgrn4 Fmtbrgnr4 Qrûxghn4Üitghn
Flucf nm-igmb qub sbræ hnstrfcn snorb kfcf ontën(kninqub uh bh kfcf igmef)
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
[pbbcOuttnm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf ftgvfr nucbsftgvfr n jgitrn, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Mfhb OutFtgvfCbsftgvf Mnhb cn nolbtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?5
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YINKDNQBM.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Ftgvf/Cbsftgvf n jgitrn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
@rnupGmcbx 6 Qbrtbmkb f uh `rupn cb ontòbs, bstf prnprgbcfcb jfz
knh qub n ontën pbrhfmbàf bh bstfcn cb prbssgnmfhbmtn.
FiinwFiiRp Srub Qbrhgtb qub uh `rupn cb ontòbs mën tbmef mbmeuh ontën bh bstfcn cb prbssgnmfhbmtn.
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf hnmtf`bh cn jgitrn,fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Jgi&trfr Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJGMC.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Hnmtf`bh cn Jgitrn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn Mfhb OutJgitrfr Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf bcgtfr n kfhpnsbibkgnmfcn mn rgc, fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm &Bcgtfr Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
@iype TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXYGHF@B[YORSSNM[YJNIC_CNK.OHQ
Ghf`bh f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Egmt Bcgtf kfhpn sbibkgnmfcn Flucf nm-igmb pfrf n nolbtn bspbkèjgkn
Mfhb OutBcgtfr Mnhb cn nolbtn
[enwEgmt Srub Hnstrfr n knmtbücn cf prnprgbcfcb egmt sno f jnrhf cbuhf kfgxf cb flucf nm-igmb
OgtOtm (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi ) - ontën qub sbrvgræ pfrf bcgtfr n jgitrn, fitbrb fssb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odKinsb Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Mfhb OutJbkefr Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, Qrbtn Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Kfptgnm &Jbkefr Ifobi cn Nolbtn
co@rgc (bmknmtrfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis) - Nolbtn @rgc qub hnstrfræ ns kfhpns,fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb C[Cnkuh Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6?7
Mfhb co@rgcOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, FzuiHfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf pfrf ns kfhpns
Nptgnms c`Sgtibs, c`Gmcgkftnr, c`KniIgmbs,c`_nwIgmbs, c`_nw[bibkt
Npàòbs cn @rgc
SgtibJnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5,
Kfstfmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf pfrf n tètuin cns kfhpns
Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn
Fmtbs cb prnssb`ugrhns sfivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb jKnmCgsk.
Bstb jnrhuiærgn hnstrfræ ns cfcns jgitrfcns mn nolbtn co@rgc , pfrf jgitrfr ns cfcnsutgigzfrbhns n nolbtn Vubry, tucn n qub tbhns f jfzbr ç knmtrnifr qufmcn n jgitrn bstæ ftgvn(nolbtn Cftf[nurkb fpnmtf pfrf n nolbtn Vubry) nu qufmcn n jgitrn mën bstæ ftgvn (nolbtn Cftf[nurkb fpnmtf pfrf n nolbtn tSfoib)
Kûcg`n pfrf qufmcn n jnrhuiærgn ç gmgkgfcn, fobrturf cfs tfobifs<6. Zgrb pfrf n KncbBcgtnr b gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n fofgxn<
prgvftb{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
puoigkprnkbcurb Gmgkgn4 Cbkifrf uh prnkbcghbmtn püoigkn
bmc4
vfrJ^KnmCgsk< SJ^KnmCgsk4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbsjJgitrn, Rtgigzf f Rmgt pfrf f hnmtf`bh cn jgitrn
jBctCgsk4 Rtgigzf f Rmgt pfrf f bcgàën cn rb`gstrn
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.Gmgkgn4ob`gm
SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4 Gmgkgf f tfobif[enwHncfi4 Hnstrf n jnrhuiærgn bh hncn hncfi
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën Jgitrfr, qufmcn jnr snigkgtfcf f bcgàën cn jgitrn.6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn outJgitrfr<
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutJgitrfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm Zbrgjgkf sb n ontën cb prbmcbr n jgitrnob`gm bstæ prbssgnmfcn. Hbssf`bCi`('Cbsftgvb f jgitrf`bh fmtbs cb bcgtfr ns jgitrns...',htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4
bxgt4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;1
bmc4
gj J^Jgitrn.[enwHncfi 8 hrNd tebm Kefhf n jgitrn b sb jnr rbtnrmfcn ND ob`gmVryOfsgkn.[VI.Kibfr4 Ighpf f VubryVryOfsgkn.[VI.Fcc(J^Jgitrn.[VI[trgm`.Sbxt)4 Fcgkgnmf n mnvn jgitrn mf Vubry
bmc4bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën Bcgtfr, qufmcn jnr hfrkfcn uh rb`gstrn pfrf vgsufigzfàën `brfi.6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn outBcgtfr<
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutBcgtfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm Zbrgjgkf sb bxgstb jgitrn prbsnJ^BctCgsk.Gmgkgn(VryOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub) Kefhf f bcgàën ftrfvçs cf Vubry
bisb J^BctCgsk.Gmgkgn(SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub)4 Kefhf f bcgàën ftrfvçs cf tSfoib
bmc4
Kûcg`n pfrf n ontën Ftgvf nu Cbsftgvf n jgitrn, pfrf prbmcbr nu igobrfr n jgitrn.6. Cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn outFtgvfCbsftgvf<
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutFtgvfCbsftgvfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj mnt OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm [b n jgitrn mën bstgvbr ftgvn C[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 SfoOfsgkn Kninkf n Cftf[nurkb fpnmtfcn pfrf n tSfoib
bisb try Kiæusuif pfrf uh oinkn cb bxkbàënVryOfsgkn.Kinsb4 Cbsftgvf f VubryVryOfsgkn.Npbm4 Ftgvf f VubryC[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 VryOfsgkn4 Kninkf n Cftf[nurkb fpnmtfcn pfrf f Vubry
bxkbpt Kfsn cb fi`uhf kngsf brrfcf knh n jgitrnC[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 SfoOfsgkn4 Kninkf n Cftf[nurkb fpnmtfcn pfrf n tSfoibrfgsb4 Knhpibhbmtn cn knhfmcn Sry...bxkbpt...rfgsb
bmc4bmc4
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn.
Knh kbrtbzf sbræ hnstrfcn uh brrn pfrf f kefhfcf cf umgt J^BctCgsk.
Bcgtfmcn ns rb`gstrns
N jnrhuiærgn qub bcgtfræ ns rb`gstrn mën sbræ hnmtfcn pfssn f pfssn, pngs ç hugtnsghpibs cb sbr knmstruècn, fn gmvçs cgstn cfrbg fpbmfs fi`uhfs cgkfs f rbspbgtn cf krgfàën cnhbshn<
6. Knpgb n jnrhuiærgn J^Ofsgkn, rbmnhbfmcn-n pfrf J^BctCgsk4
?. _bhnvf ns nolbtns coMfvg`ftnr, Vubry b fs tfobifs tfoKftb`Knmj b tfoOfsgknKnmj ,cfs tfobifs rbstfmtb, bmtrb mn JgbicsBcgtnr cb kfcf uhf b rbhnvf ns kfhpns4
;. _btgrb tncn n kûcg`n b prntblf fs tfobifs knh f npàën _bfcNmiy 8 Srub4
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;6
3. _btgrb tncns ns ontòbs, cbgxfmcn fpbmfs n ontën pfrf Jbkefr n jnrhuiærgn4
2. Gmsgrf ns sb`ugmtbs prnkbcghbmtns<
f. Qrnkbcurb GMGKGN, mfs cbkifrfàòbs puoigk ( prnkbcurb Gmgkgn(vfr KncCgskn< Gmtb`br)4 )
prnkbcurb SJ^BctCgsk.Gmgkgn(vfr KncCgskn< Gmtb`br)4ob`gm SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4 Forb fs tfobifsSfoHusgkf.Npbm4SfoKftb`.Npbm4SfoOfsgkn.JgmcDby(KncCgskn)4 Qnsgkgnmf f tfobif Ofsgkn mn KncCgskn bmvgfcn[enwHncfi4
bmc4
o. Qrnkbcurb JnrhKinsb, mn bvbmtn NmKinsb cn nolbtn J^BctCgsk
prnkbcurb SJ^BctCgsk.JnrhKinsb([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Fktgnm< SKinsbFktgnm)4ob`gm
SfoOfsgkn.Kinsb4 Jbkef fs tfobifsSfoHusgkf.Kinsb4SfoKftb`.Kinsb4
bmc4
:. [fivb b knhpgib n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb jBctCgsk.
F`nrf sgh, vnkì pncb knhpgifr n prnlbtn b rncfr n prnlbtn, pfrf uhf knmjbrìmkgf jgmfi fèvfg n kûcg`n knhpibtn cn jnrhuiærgn J^KnmCgsk.
umgt Jknmcgsk4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,Jnrhs, Cgfin`s, CO, COSfoibs, @rgcs, CO@rgcs, [tcKtris, Outtnms,BxtKtris, COKtris4
typb SJ^KnmCgsk 8 kifss(SJnrh)CO@rgc6< SCO@rgc4C[Ofsgkn< SCftf[nurkb4OutJgitrfr< SOgtOtm4OutJbkefr< SOgtOtm4VryOfsgkn< SVubry4
COMfvg`ftnr6< SCOMfvg`ftnr4SfoOfsgkn< SSfoib4OutBcgtfr< SOgtOtm4OutFtgvfCbsftgvf< S[pbbcOuttnm4SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN< S[hfiigmtJgbic4SfoOfsgknMNH^CG[KN< S[trgm`Jgbic4SfoOfsgknSGQ^CG[KN< S[trgm`Jgbic4SfoOfsgknKNC^KFSB@< S[trgm`Jgbic4VryOfsgknKNC^CG[KN< S[hfiigmtJgbic4VryOfsgknMNH^CG[KN< S[trgm`Jgbic4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;?
VryOfsgknSGQ^CG[KN< S[trgm`Jgbic4VryOfsgknKNC^KFSB@< S[trgm`Jgbic4prnkbcurb OutJgitrfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutBcgtfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb OutFtgvfCbsftgvfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prgvftb
{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }puoigk prnkbcurb Gmgkgn4bmc4
vfr J^KnmCgsk< SJ^KnmCgsk4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
usbs jJgitrn, { Kefhf f hnmtf`bh cn Jgitrn } jBctCgsk4 { Bcgtf n Cgskn }
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.Gmgkgn4ob`gm SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4[enwHncfi4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutJgitrfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm ob`gm
Hbssf`bCi`('Cbsftgvb f jgitrf`bh fmtbs cb bcgtfr ns jgitrns...', htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNDX, 1)4
bxgt4bmc4
gj J^Jgitrn.[enwHncfi 8 hrNd tebmob`gm
VryOfsgkn.[VI.Kibfr4VryOfsgkn.[VI.Fcc(J^Jgitrn.[VI[trgm`.Sbxt)4
bmc4bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutBcgtfrKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm
J^BctCgsk.Gmgkgn(VryOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub)bisb J^BctCgsk.Gmgkgn(SfoOfsgknKNC^CG[KN.Zfiub)4
bmc4
prnkbcurb SJ^KnmCgsk.OutFtgvfCbsftgvfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
gj mnt OutFtgvfCbsftgvf.Cnwm tebm C[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 SfoOfsgkn
bisb
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;;
try VryOfsgkn.Kinsb4VryOfsgkn.Npbm4C[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 VryOfsgkn4
bxkbpt C[Ofsgkn.Cftfsbt <8 SfoOfsgkn4rfgsb4
bmc4bmc4
bmc.
Kfpètuin ZGGG
_biftûrgns
F pfrtb ghprbssf cn Cbipeg jgkf f krgtçrgn cb trìs hçtncns< utgigzfr f jbrrfhbmtf_bpnrt[hgte, knh f umgt Qrgmtbr nu knh f utgigzfàën cf jbrrfhbmtf Vugkd_bpnrt (cgspnmèvbimn Cbipeg 6.1 f pfrtgr cb knhprf cb tbrkbgrn, hfs cgspnmèvbi `rftugtfhbmtb knh n Cbipeg ?.1). N Cbipeg njbrbkb uh `brfcnr cb rbiftûrgns ofstfmtb pncbrnsn, kefhfcn _bpnrt[hgte. Knh bstbutgigtærgn, vnkì pncb krgfr rbiftûrgns fssnkgfcns fns cgvbrsns ofmkns qub n Cbipeg sb knhumgkf.
Srfofiefmcn knh n _bpnrt[hgte
N _bpnrt[hgte pnssug fi`ums rbiftûrgns pfcròbs, tfgs knhn rbiftûrgns kniumfcns (hnstrf ns cfcns bh jnrhfs cb kniumfs), rbjbrìmkgf kruzfcf bmtrb tfobifs (hnstrf ns cfcns
tgpns uhf pifmgief, fssnkgfmcn cufs nu hfgs tfobifs), btgqubtfs (`brf btgqubtfs bh jnrhftns pfcrën), rbiftûrgns bh hncn cb pæ`gmf (hnstrf ns rb`gstrns cb uhf cbtbrhgmfcf tfobif uh pnr pæ`gmf).
Ftrfvçs cn _bpnrt[hgte, b pnssèvbi `brfr rbiftûrgns knh fs sb`ugmtbs kfrfktbrèstgkfs<
Knhogmfàën cb cfcns bmtrb værgfs tfobifs4
Nrcbh b `rupn igvrb cb cfcns ftrfvçs cb cbtbrhgmfcns kfhpns4
Gmsbràën cb kfobàfiens b rncfpçs4
Jumàòbs cb snhf, hçcgf, hæxghn b hèmghn4
Krgfàën cb kfgxfs cb cgæin`n pfrf gmsbràën cb gmjnrhfàòbs, jgitrf`bh cns cfcns4
Krgfàën cb rbiftûrgns cn tgpn hfstbr/cbtfgis4
Bxbkuàën cb hfkrns curfmtb n rbiftûrgn4 b
Fkbssn fs hfgs vfrgfcfs ofsbs cb cfcns, bmtrb bifs<
Ofsbs cb Cfcns qub n _bpnrt[hgte pbrhgtb fkbssn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;3
Fkkbss Gmjnrhgx [VIOfsb
Otrgbvb GmtbrOfsb [yofsb
CO? N_FKIB Sbrfcftf
cOfsb Qfrfcnx Frqugvn .SUS
Bxkbi _fghf Rmgjy
JnxQrn F[/311 Pftknh [VI
GM@_B[ [VI [brvbr qufiqubr ofsb knh crgvbr NCOK
N _bpnrt[hgte ç uh prncutn sbpfrfcn cn Cbipeg, hfs fn knhprfr n Cbipeg, vnkìfcqugrgu futnhftgkfhbmtb f igkbmàf pfrf usfr n _bpnrt[hgte obh knhn f cgstrgougàën igvrb cnsbu _um-Sghb.
Krgfmcn rbiftûrgn knh n _bpnrt[hgte
Gmgkgb n _bpnrt[hgte ftrfvçs cn èknmb , nu cf npàën cn hbmu prgmkgpfi cn Cbipeg,Snnis | _bpnrt[hgte, cbpbmcbmcn cf knmjg`urfàën cf sbàën Nptgnms, sbræ hnstrfcf f tbif pfrf n
gmèkgn cb uh mnvn rbiftûrgn.Kfmkbib qufgsqubr npàën qub fpfrbàf b ftgvb mn hbmu prgmkgpfi Jgib | Knmmbktgnms...,
ibhorf-sb cn Figfs pngs fqug prbkgsfhns krgfr uhf knmbxën pfrf f mnssf ofsb cb cfcns, prbssgnmbn ontën Mbw b gmjnrhb Mfhb< CgsknFQQ, Sypb< COF[B(GCFQG) b Cftf Jgib Qfte<K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KN, prbssgnmb n ontën [fvb b ND .
Mn hbmu prgmkgpfi npàën Jgib | Mbw..., bsknief f npàën Kniuhmfr _bpnrt, kigqub mn ontën [tyib b bsknief n bstgin cn rbiftûrgn qub hfgs ieb f`rfcb b kfsn vnkì cbsblb pncb hfrkfr nbstgin bskniegcn knhn cbjfuit ftrfvçs cf npàën Rsb Fs Cbjfuit kigqub mn ontën ND , b kigqub mn ontën ND b f sb`ugmtb tbif sbræ hnstrfcf<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;2
Sfoibs - Fcgkgnmf, rbhnvb nu fitbrf tfobifs nu krgf igmds bmtrb bifs.
[bibktgnms - Krgf, bcgtf b bxkiug krgtçrgns cb sbibàën.
[nrtgm` - Fcgkgnmf, rbhnvb nu rbnrcbmf cfcns f sbrbh nr`fmgzfcns.
Cbrgvbc jgbics - Krgf b nr`fmgzf cfcns kfikuifcns pfrf nutrfs kniumfs cn rbiftûrgn, ofsbfcn bh knhfmcns [VI nu mfigm`uf`bh cb hfkrn _bpnrtOfsgk.
_bpnrt vfrgfoibs - Krgf, bcgtf nu bxkiug vfrgævbgs cn rbiftûrgn. Bstfs vfrgævbgs pncbh sbr krgfcfs pfrf ftbmcbr fkrgtçrgns cf kiæusuif [bibktgnms sbrvgmcn cb knhumgàën bmtrb n _bpnrt[hgte b n Cbipeg .
Cftfofsb rnupgm` - @rupns cb cfcns b krgtçrgns cb sbibàën.
[VI - Qbrhgtb f bcgàën cb cbkifrfàën [VI pfrf n rbiftûrgn knrrbmtb.
6. Qrbssgnmb n ontën Sfoibs.
?. Mf kfgxf cb cgæin`n Sfoibs, prbssgnmb n ontën Fcc tfoib...
;. Mn knhon Knmmbktgnms< sbibkgnmb f knmbxën CgsknFQQ b sbibkgnmb f tfobifOfsgkn.CO b prbssgnmb n ontën ND , rbpgtf f npbrfàën pfrf tfobif Kftb`nr.CO,knmjgrhb b rbtnrmb f tbif fmtbrgnr.
3. Qrbssgnmb n ontën Fcc mbw igmd... 2. N rbifkgnmfhbmtn bmtrb Ofsgkn b Kftb`nr ç ftrfvçs cn kfhpn [G@^KFSB@, hfrqub
f npàën Gmkiucb umhftkebc rbknrcs (gmkiuf ns rb`gstrns mën knrrbspnmcbmtbs) cnifcn cb OF[GKNxCO, knmjgrhb b rbtnrmb f tbif fmtbrgnr.
:. [bibkgnmb f tfobif OF[GKNxCO b prbssgnmb n ontën Sfoib kniuhms...
0. [bibkgnmb n kfhpn JNS^KFQF b hfrqub f npàën Bxkiucb jrnh rbpnrt (rbtgrb cnrbiftûrgn), knmjgrhb b rbtnrmb f tbif fmtbrgnr.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;:
5. Qrbssgnmb n ontën _bpnrt vfrgfoibs b krgb fs vfrgævbgs< KncGmgkgfi b KncJgmfi fhofs knh f npàën Sypb g`ufi f Muhobr b f npàën Bmtry g`ufi f Sypb-gm.
7. Qrbssgnmb n ontën [bibktgnms b kigqub mn ontën fhfrbin hfrkfcn knh 6. b bsknief fnpàën Fcc sbibktgnm krgtbrgf b hfrqub n sb`ugmtb krgtçrgn< cftf jgbicOF[GKNxCO.KNC^CG[KN gs obtwbbm rbpnrt vfrgfoib KncGmgkgfi fmc rbpnrtvfrgfoib KncJgmfi.
61. Kigqub mn ontën [nrtgm`, hfrqub n kfhpn KNC^CG[KN b kigqub mn ontën Gmsbrtgmtn snrt igst (gmsgrf pfrf f igstf cb nrcbmfàën).
66. Kigqub mn ontën [VI b knhpfrb f cbkifrfàën krgfcf<
[BIBKS'OF[GKNxCO'.'KNC^CG[KN', 'OF[GKNxCO'.'MNH^CG[KN', 'OF[GKNxCO'.'SGQ^CG[KN','OF[GKNxCO'.[G@^KFSB@', 'KFSB@N_xCO'.'[G@^KFSB@', 'KFSB@N_xCO'.'CB[^KFSB@'J_NH
'K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KNYOF[GKN.CO' OF[GKNxCO IBJS LNGM'K<Y[G[SBHFYKFCCG[KNYKFSB@N_.CO' KFSB@N_xCO NM ('OF[GKNxCO'.'[G@^KFSB@' 8'KFSB@N_xCO'.'[G@^KFSB@' )PEB_B((('OF[GKNxCO'.'KNC^CG[KN' OBSPBBM 99KncGmgkgfi== FMC 99KncJgmfi==)))N_CB_ OW'OF[GKNxCO'.'KNC^CG[KN'
6?. Knmjgrhb n rbiftûrgn prbssgnmfmcn n ontën Cnmb. Gmjnrhb ns cfcns gmgkgfgs b jgmfgs bf`ufrcb f `brfàën cn rbiftûrgn.
Nr`fmgzfmcn ns kfhpns cn rbiftûrgn
Fkrbcgtn qub f bstf fiturf vnkì tbh uh obin gmèkgn cb rbiftûrgn mfs hëns, f`nrf tbrbhnsqub fitbrfr fi`ums kfhpns qub mën jgkfrfh cgrbgtn<
6. [bibkgnmb ns kfhpns [G@^KFSB@ (tfmtn n tètuin qufmtn n cbtfieb) b prbssgnmb CBI.
?. [bibkgnmb n cbtfieb cn kfhpn MNH^CG[KN b prbssgnmb n ontën cgrbgtn cn hnusb,sbibkgnmb f npàën Jgbic Ebg`et b hfrqub f npàën Kfm @rnw (rbcghbmsgnmb fvfrgævbi knmjnrhb n tfhfmen) b Kfm [ergmd (knrtb ns kfrfktbrbs mën ghprghèvbgs).
;. Srnqub ns tètuins cb kfcf kfhpn pfrf< Kûcg`n, Mnhb, Sgpn b Kftb`nrgf. (ofstf kigkfrcufs vbzbs snorb kfcf tètuin).
3. Srnqub n tètuin cn rbiftûrgn pfrf< Kfcfstrn cb KC‗s.
2. Mn hbmu sbibkgnmb f npàën Gmsbrt | Jgbic..., sbibkgnmb [ystbh Jgbics, b sbibkgnmb nkfhpn Qrgmt Cftb/Sghb, prbssgnmb n ontën Gmsbrt b kigqub bh qufiqubr pnsgàën cfsbàën Ebfcbr.
:. Knhpfrb f`nrf n rbiftûrgn `brfcn<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;0
[fivb n rbiftûrgn `brfcn knh n mnhb cb _KFCF[S._QS
Fssnkgfmcn n rbiftûrgn fn fpigkftgvn
F pfrtb cgjèkgi læ jng rbfigzfcf f`nrf rbstf kefhfr n rbiftûrgn ftrfvçs cn mnssn hbmu
prgmkgpfi.
Kefhb n jnrhuiærgn jhbmu b gmsgrf n nolbtn _bpnrt , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cgfin`s, bstb nolbtn rbfigzf n trfofien cb knmjg`urfàën cf ghprbssnrf.
6. Kigqub mf npàën ’Knmjg`urf Ghprbssnrf‘ kefhfmcn n bvbmtn nmKigkd4
?. Gmsgrf n knhfmcn
prnkbcurb SJHbmu.KnmjgurfGhprbssnrf6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
Qrgmtbr[btupCgfin`6.Bxbkutb4bmc4
Krgfrbhns f`nrf uhf lfmbif sghpibs cb cgæin`n, nmcb sbibkgnmfrbhns uh kûcg`n gmgkgfi bjgmfi pfrf ns kûcg`ns cn KC.
Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi fKigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osCgfin` Bstgin cf onrcf cn nolbtn
Kfptgnm Ghprghb Kfcfstrn @brfi Ifobi cn nolbtn
Mfhb J^C`@brfi Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cn nolbtn
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<
Ifobi (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc) - krgb trìs nolbtns ifobis<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm T6X. Gmjnrhb n Kûcg`n cns KC‗s fghprghgr4 T?X. Gmgkgfi< b T;X. Jgmfi<
Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt T6X. H[ [fms [brgj, Mb`rgtn, 5, FzuiHfrgmen b T?,;X. H[ [fms [brgj,
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;5
Mb`rgtn, 5, Kfstfmen
OgtOtm (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Fccgtgnmfi) - krgb cngs ontòbs pfrf knmjgrhfr nu kfmkbifr fbhgssën cn rbiftûrgn<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Dgmc odNd b odKfmkbi Cbtbrhgmf f kifssb f sbr utgigzfcf pbin nolbtn,
futnhftgkfhbmtb sbrën fitbrfcfs fs prnprgbcfcbs<Kfptgnm, @iype b Hncfi_bsuit
Kfptgnm &ND b &Kfmkbifr Ifobi cn nolbtn
Bcgt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc) - cngs nolbtns cb bcgàën pfrf gmsbràën cn kûcg`ngmgkgfi b jgmfi<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Sbxt Sbxtn f sbr fprbsbmtfcn gmgkgfihbmtb pfrf n nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Mnrhfi, 5, FzuiHfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn
Knhpfrb knh n jnrhuiærgn fofgxn<
Qrn`rfhfmcn n jnrhuiærgn
Fmtbs cb prnssb`ugrhns sfivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb jC`@brfi.
Qfrf sbibkgnmfrhns ns kûcg`ns gmgkgfi b jgmfi, prbkgsfhns jfzbr uhf pbqubmf prn`rfhfàën mn jnrhuiærgn<
Kûcg`n pfrf krgfr ns cngs kfhpns qub bmvgfrën ns kûcg`ns (ibhorf-sb cn kfpètuin ZGG -_bjbrbmtb f Knmsuitfs)<6. Fitbrmb pfrf n KncbBcgtnr b gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n fofgxn<
prgvftbjumktgnm @btKncGmgkgfi< [trgm`4 Gmgkgfigzf fs jumàòbsjumktgnm @btKncJgmfi< [trgm`4
puoigk prnpbrty KfhpGmgkgfi< [trgm` rbfc @btKncGmgkgfi4 Krgf tgpn kfrfktbrb fs vfrgævbgs,prnpbrty KfhpJgmfi< [trgm` rbfc @btKncJgmfi4 fpbmfs knhn sfècf
bmc4
vfrJ^C`@brfi< SJ^C`@brfi4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6;7
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
jumktgnm SJ^ C`@brfi.@btKncGmgkgfi< [trgm`4ob`gm
_bsuit <8 Bcgt6.Sbxt4 Bmvgf knhn rbsuitfcn n knmtbücn cnbmc4 nolbtn Bcgt6
jumktgnm SJ^ C`@brfi.@btKncJgmfi< [trgm`4ob`gm
_bsuit <8 Bcgt?.Sbxt4 Bmvgf knhn rbsuitfcn n knmtbücn cnbmc4 nolbtn Bcgt?
Qnr gmkrèvbi qub pfrbàf gstn ç tucn, f`nrf kefhb n nolbtn jHbmu, gmsgrf n nolbtn _bpnrt
, bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss, bstb nolbtn rbfigzf n trfofien cbknmjg`urfàën cf ghprbssën.
6. Kigqub mf npàën ’_biftûrgn | @brfi‘ kefhfmcn n bvbmtn nmKigkd4
?. Gmsgrf n knhfmcn
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.@brfi6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm gj J^C`@brfi.[enwHncfi 8 hrND tebm Kefhf b vbrgjgkf sb f C`@brfi rbtnrmnu ND
wgte _bpnrt6 cn Qfrf n nolbtn _bpnrt6...ob`gm _bpnrtMfhb <8 '_KFCF[S._QS'4 Fitbrf f prnprgbcfcb Mnhb cn _biftûrgnGmgtgfiZfiubs.Kibfr4 Bighgmf ns vfinrbs gmgkgfgs
GmgtgfiZfiubs.Fcc('AKncGmgkgfi89'+J^C`@brfi.KfhpGmgkgfi+'=')4 [btf n vfinr KncGmgkgfi cnrbiftûrgn knh n vfinr cn KfhpGmgkgfi cn jnrhuiærgn jC`@brfi
GmgtgfiZfiubs.Fcc('AKncJgmfi89'+J^C`@brfi.KfhpJgmfi+'=')4 [btf n vfinr KncJgmfi cnrbiftûrgn knh n vfinr cn KfhpJgmfi cn jnrhuiærgn jC`@brfi
_um4 Gmgkgf n rbiftûrgnbmc4
bmc4
[fivb b bxbkutb n sgstbhf, gmjnrhb trbkens cgjbrbmtbs pfrf n rbiftûrgn.
Kfsn vnkì qubgrf qub n _bpnrt[hgte mën bxbkutb ghbcgftfhbmtb n rbiftûrgn hnstrfmcnfmtbs uhf prçvgf mf tbif hncgjgqub f prnprgbcfcb cn nolbtn _bpnrt6 - Qrbvgbw pfrf Srub.
Znkì cbsknorgræ qub n _bpnrt[hgte ç uhf pncbrnsf b sghpibs jbrrfhbmtf pfrf fknmkbpàën cb rbiftûrgns, n ümgkn prnoibhf sbrgf knh rbiftûrgns qub sb prbkgsb ghprghgr uhf ümgkfnu pnukfs jniefs, knhn uh rbkgon nu uh jnrhuiærgn prç-ghprbssn, vnkì cbsknorgræ qub bib çibmtn pfrf bstfs tfrbjfs, bxgstbh cufs sniuàòbs pfrf bstb kfsn usfr f ogoigntbkf Qrgmtbrs nu usfr fghprbssën igvrb cn jnrhuiærgn knhn vbrbhns f sb`ugr.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
631
Ghprghgmcn ftrfvçs cn Jnrhuiærgn
Qfrf n mnssn prûxghn rbiftûrgn, prbkgsfhns fpbmfs ghprghgr f kfpf cb uh KC, sb vnkìrbibhorf f jntn jng frhfzbmfcf bh uh kfhpn cn tgpn OINO kefhfcn JNS^KFQF, mn frqugvnOF[GKN.
F gcçgf ç sghpibs, knmstrugr uh jnrhuiærgn bh orfmkn, sbh onrcf, bstb sbræ kefhfcnftrfvçs cn hbmu prgmkgpfi b snigkgtfcn f gmjnrhfàën cn kûcg`n cn KC f ghprghgr, mbstbjnrhuiærgn tbræ ns nolbtns cb fkbssn f Sfobif (Sfoib b Cftf[nurkb) fssnkgfcn fn nolbtn COGhf`b
, bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis, knmjnrhb f jg`urf fofgxn<
Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi fKigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osMnmb Bstgin cf onrcf cn jnrhuiærgn
Kfptgnm Ifobi cn nolbtn (Sfrlf fzui cn jnrhuiærgn)
Mfhb J^Kfpf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cf lfmbif (kbmtrfigzfcn)
OnrcbrGknms TX Bighgmb tncns ns ontòbs cf lfmbif
Kninr kiPegtb Knr cb jumcn
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<Sfoib (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Figfs nu f inkfigzfàën cn cgrbtûrgn cfstfobifs
SfoibMfhb OF[GKN.CO Mnhb bxtbrmn cf tfobif
GmcbxJgbicMfhbs KNC^CG[KN Mnhb cn kfhpn gmcbxfcn
Mfhb SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
636
_bfcNmiy Srub [nhbmtb pfrf ibgturf
Cftf[nurkb (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt SfoOfsgkn Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtncoGhf`b (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Knmtrnis) , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[nurkb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic JNS^KFQF Mnhb cn kfhpn mf tfobif
Ebg`et 320 Ifr`urf
[trbke Srub [b n tfhfmen cf ghf`bh cbvb fknhpfmefr n tfhfmencn nolbtn
Pgcte 356 Fiturf cn nolbtn
N tfhfmen cf ghf`bh jng kninkfcf bh 320 x 356 pngs bh ghprbssnrfs pfcrën Bpsnmbstb, fpûs ghprbssn, ç n tfhfmen cf kfpf cn KC. Ç mbkbssærgn qub vnkì jfàf ns flustbsmbkbssærgns pfrf sb fcfptfr fn pfcrën cb suf ghprbssnrf.
Krbsàf n tfhfmen cn jnrhuiærgn bh knmlumtn fn tfhfmen cn nolbtn ghf`bh.
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb jKfpf.
Krgfmcn n Kûcg`n
N kûcg`n pfrf bstb jnrhuiærgn b suf kefhfcf f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi ç obh hfgssghpibs qub n rbfigzfcn fmtbrgnrhbmtb, vbrgjgqub<
Qfrf n hbmu prgmkgpfi
Kûcg`n pfrf krgfr f kefhfcf<6. Kefhb n jnrhuiærgn jHbmu, b kigqub mf npàën ’Kfpf cn KC‘ <
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.KfpfcnKC6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
MuhKC< [trgm`4ob`gm
MuhKC <8 GmputOnx('Gmjnrhb', 'Bmtrb knh n kûcg`n cn KC pfrf ghprghgr<', '')4gj MuhKC 8 '' tebm
ob`gm Hbssf`bCi`('Mën jng gmjnrhfcn uh kûcg`n pfrf f ghprbssën', htGmjnrhftgnm, ThoNdX, 1)4bxgt4
bmc4J^Kfpf.Gmgkgn(MuhKC)4
bmc4
N kûcg`n pfrf bstb bvbmtn ç obh sghpibs< krgf uhf vfrgævbi kfrfktbr b snigkgtf fbmtrfcf cb sbu vfinr ftrfvçs cf jumàën GmputOnx, kfsn mën sblf rbtnrmfcn mbmeuh vfinr kfmkbif f
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
63?
ghprbssën fn knmtrærgn kefhf n prnkbcghbmtn ’gmgkgn‘ cn jnrhuiærgn ’J^Kfpf‘ bmvgfmcn n vfinrgmjnrhfcn.
Mën sb bsqubàf cb kninkfr f umgcfcb jKfpf mn knhfmcn Rsbs.
Qfrf n jnrhuiærgn J^Kfpf Kûcg`n pfrf snigkgtfr b pbrhgtgr f ghprbssën<
6. Kefhb n jnrhuiærgn J^Kfpf, b fitbrmb pfrf n hncn cn Kncb Bcgtnr <
prnkbcurb SJ^Kfpf.Gmgkgn(Muhbrn< [trgm`)4ob`gm
SfoOfsgkn.Npbm4gj mnt SfoOfsgkn.JgmcDby(T[trSnJinft(Muhbrn)X) tebm
Hbssf`bCi`('Kûcg n cn KC gmbxgstbmtb !', htBrrnr, ThoNdX, 1)bisb ob`gm
[enw4gj Hbssf`bCi`('Knmjgrhf f ghprbssën cf Kfpf >', htKnmjgrhftgnm,
hoNdKfmkbi, 1) 8 hrNd tebm J^Kfpf.Qrgmt4bmc4
SfoOfsgkn.Kinsb4Kinsb4
bmc4
N kûcg`n pfrf bstb bvbmtn mnvfhbmtb ç obh sghpibs< forb f tfobif b pbsqugsf fbxgstìmkgf cn kûcg`n bmvgfcn, kfsn bmknmtrb hnstrf f kfpf cn KC b snigkgtf f knmjgrhfàën cnrbiftûrgn, b ghprghb fn jgmfi jbkef f tfobif b n jnrhuiærgn.
Mën sb bsqubàf cb cbkifrfr n prnkbcghbmtn mfs cbkifrfàòbs Quoigk. (prnkbcurbGmgkgn(Muhbrn< [trgm`)4)
Srfofiefmcn knh n Vugkd_bpnrt
N Vugkd_bpnrt ç uh prncutn jnrmbkgcn pbif V[C (Vugkd [njt Cbvbinphbmt) bh vbrsënJrbbwfrb pfrf n Cbipeg ?.1 b vbrsën [efrbwfrb pfrf n Cbipeg 6.1, pncb-sb cgzbr qub ç n prghbgrn`brfcnr cb rbiftûrgns tntfihbmtb nrgbmtfcn f nolbtns, n kûcg`n jgmfi `brfcn pbin Vugkd bgmknrpnrfcn fn bxbkutævbi mën efvbmcn f mbkbssgcfcb cb sb kfrrb`fr frqugvns bxtbrmns (knhn ç n
kfsn cn _bpnrt [hgte), ns nolbtns cn Vugkd sën jnrhfcns pbif sb`ugmtb ofmcf<
Ns nolbtns knmtgcns mbstf ofmcf sën<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
63;
Vugkd_bpnrt
N knhpnmbmtb Vugkd_bpnrt b n rbspnmsævbi pbin knmtrnib cn rbiftûrgn. [bu trfofienç trfmsjnrhfr n jnrhuiærgn cn Cbipeg bh uh rbiftûrgn. Qfrf uhf prçvgf cn rbiftûrgn (bh hncn cbknmstruàën) ofstf sghpibshbmtb cfr uh cupin kigkd snorb n nolbtn hfs ibhorb-sb qub ns kûcg`ns pfrf ns bvbmtns mën sbrën bxbkutfcns. Knhpnmbmtb rbspnmsævbi pbin knmtrnib prgmkgpfi cnrbiftûrgn. Kninqub-n bh uh jnrhuiærgn qub sbrvgræ cb ofsb pfrf n rbiftûrgn b utgigzb ns knhfmcns Qrgmt nu Qrbvgbw.
V_Ofmc
Rhf ofmcf ç uhf sghpibs cgvgsën cn rbiftûrgn. uh rbiftûrgn sbræ cgvgcgcn bhcgjbrbmtbs pfrtbs pfrf f ghprbssën, tfgs knhn< Cbtfieb, Kfobàfien cb Qæ`gmf, _ncfpç, @rupns,btk. Fi`ums tgpns cb ofmcfs sën ghprbssfs futnhftgkfhbmtb, bmqufmtn qub nutrns tgpns mbkbssgtfhcns nolbtns V_@rnup nu V_CbtfgiIgmd pfrf sbu knmtrnib. Ç pnssèvbi tfhoçh utgigzfr-sb cbhüitgpifs ofmcfs cb uh hbshn tgpn.
V_@rnup
Ns `rupns pncbh sbr jnrhfcns knh n fuxèign cbstb knhpnmbmtb, sb utgigzf cbkfobàfien b rncfpç pfrf n knmtrnib cn `rupn. Ç pnssèvbi krgfr mn hæxghn 61 mèvbgs (f prnprgbfcb Ibvbi vfrgf cb 1 f 7) sbmcn qub ns mèvbgs hfgs ofgxns cnhgmfh f ghprbssën cns hfgs fitns.
V_CbtfgiIgmd
N knhpnmbmtb V_CbtfgiIgmd ç usfcn pfrf krgfr cgjbrbmtbs tgpns cb cbtfiebs.
V_Ifobi
Sbxtns bstætgkn mn rbiftûrgn sën jnrhfcns pbin knhpnmbmtb V_Ifobi ofstfmcn pfrfgssn hncgjgkfr f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm. Ç pnssèvbi tfhoçh hncgjgkfr f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnmcurfmtb f `brfàën cn rbiftûrgn
V_Hbhn
N knhpnmbmtb V_Hbhn b usfcn pfrf ghprghgr huitgpifs igmefs cb uh kfhpn.
V_COSbxt
Bstb knhpnmbmtb ç rbspnmsævbi pbif ghprbssën cns kfhpns cns frqugvns.
V_COKfik
Knhpnmbmtb utgigzfcn pfrf rbfigzfr kæikuins oæsgkns curfmtb f `brfàën cn rbiftûrgn
V_[ysCftf
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
633
Ghprghb værgfs gmjnrhfàòbs snorb n sgstbhf tfgs knhn< mühbrn cf pæ`gmf, cftf,enrf nu tètuin cn rbiftûrgn.
V_[efpb
Rtgigzfcn pfrf cbsbmefr sghpibs jg`urfs bnhçtrgkfs.
V_Qrbvgbw
Bstb nolbtn ç rbspnmsævbi pbif hncgjgkfàën mn Qrbvgbw pfcrën cn rbiftûrgn.
Zfhns f`nrf rbfigzfr uh bxbhpin sghpibs b prætgkn knh n Vugkd, krgfmcn n hbshnrbiftûrgn prnpnstn knh n _bpnrt [hgte, cbstb hncn fkrbcgtn, qub vnkì pncb knhpfrfr fjfkgigcfcb cb fhons ns `brfcnrbs.
6. Gmgkgfihbmtb Kigqub mn ontën (Mbw Jnrh) mf [pbbc Ofr , nu mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f
Kigqub mn hbmu prgmkgpfi f npàën Jgib b Mbw..., bh Mbw Gtbhs, mf pæ`gmf Mbw b kigqubmn nolbtn bmtgtuifcn Jnrh b fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb mfhb pfrf J^_biftn b sfivb njnrhuiærgn knhn j_biftn.
?. Kninqub ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns b jfàf fs sb`ugmtbs fitbrfàòbs<
Vubry (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
CftfofsbMfhb OfsbCgskn Mnhb cn Figfs nu f inkfigzfàën cncgrbtûrgn cfs tfobifs
[VI [bibkt O.Knc^Cgskn, O.Mnh^Cgskn, O.Sgp^Cgskn,K.Cbs^Kftb` jrnh Ofsgkn fs O ibjt lngm Kftb`nr fsK nm (O.[g`^Kftb` 8 K.[g`^Kftb`) webrb
O.Knc^Cgskn Obtwbbm <Knc16 fmc <Knc1? nrcbr oy O.Knc^Cgskn
Kiæusuif cb knmsuitf
Qfrfhs Fkbrtb fhons ns kfhpns pfrf CftfSypb knhnFsJinft
Qfrïhbtrn cf knmsuitf
Mfhb VryOfsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Cftf[nurkb (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss) , fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Cftf[bt VryOfsgkn Mnhb cf tfobif vgmkuifcf
Mfhb C[Ofsgkn Mnhb cn nolbtn
Vugkd_bpnrt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt)
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr CbskrgàënCftf[nurkb CsOfsgkn Mnhb cn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
Mfhb VrKnmjbrb Mnhb cn nolbtn
_bpnrtSgtib Kfcfstrn cb KC³s Sètuin cn _biftnrgn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrOfmc (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt)
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
OfmcSypb roQf`bEbfcbr Sgpn cf ofmcf (Kfobàfien cb Qæ`gmf)
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
632
Mfhb ocKfobkfien Mnhb cn nolbtn
Kninr kiMfvy Knr cf Ofmcf
Qfrf n Nolbtn Vr[ysCftf (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfobkfien
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Fig`mSnOfmc Srub Figmef knmsgcbrfmcn f ofmcf
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf qrs_bpnrtSgtib Sgpn cn cfcn f sbr hnstrfcn
Jnmt Frgfi, 63, Mb`rgtn, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Fig`mhbmt tfKbmtbr Figmefhbmtn cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn Vr[ysCftf (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfobkfien
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Fig`mSnOfmc Srub Figmef knmsgcbrfmcn f ofmcf
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf qrsCftbSghb Sgpn cn cfcn f sbr hnstrfcn
Jnmt Frgfi, 5, Mnrhfi, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Fig`mhbmt tf_g`etLustgjy Figmefhbmtn cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrOfmc (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt)
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
OfmcSypb roKniuhmEbfcbr Sgpn cf ofmcf (Kfobàfien cb Kniumf)
Mfhb ocKfoKniumf Mnhb cn nolbtn
Kninr kiMfvy Knr cf Ofmcf
IgmdOfmc ocKfobkfien Ofmcf cb cbpìmcbmkgf
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrIfobi (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfoKniumf
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Kûcg`n Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Frgfi, 6?, Mb`rgtn, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrIfobi (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfoKniumf
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Mnhb Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Frgfi, 6?, Mb`rgtn, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrIfobi (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfoKniumf
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Sgpn Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Frgfi, 6?, Mb`rgtn, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrIfobi (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocKfoKniumf
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
63:
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Kfptgnm Kftb`nrgf Ifobi cn nolbtn
Jnmt Frgfi, 6?, Mb`rgtn, Orfmkn Jnmtb cn nolbtn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrOfmc (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt)
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
OfmcSypb roCbtfgi Sgpn cf ofmcf (Kfobàfien cb Kniumf)
Mfhb ocCbtfieb Mnhb cn nolbtn
IgmdOfmc ocKfoKniumf Ofmcf cb cbpìmcbmkgf
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrCoSbxt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocCbtfieb
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf[nurkb CsOfsgkn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcnCftfJgbic Knc^Cgskn Kfhpn vgmkuifcn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrCoSbxt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocCbtfieb
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf[nurkb CsOfsgkn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic Mnh^Cgskn Kfhpn vgmkuifcn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrCoSbxt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocCbtfieb
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf[nurkb CsOfsgkn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic Sgp^Cgskn Kfhpn vgmkuifcn
Qfrf n Nolbtn VrCoSbxt (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf V_bpnrt), krgb-n kigkfmcn cbmtrn cnnolbtn ocCbtfieb
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Futn[gzb Srub Cghbmsgnmf futnhftgkfhbmtb n tfhfmen
Cftf[nurkb CsOfsgkn Cftf[nurkb vgmkuifcn
CftfJgbic Cbs^Kftb` Kfhpn vgmkuifcn
Krgfrbhns uh rbiftûrgn sghpibs knh kfobàfien (OcKfobkfien), Ghprbssën cfs igmefscbtfieb (ocCbtfieb) b rncfpç (oc_ncfpb), f nrcbh cb cgspnsgàën cfs ofmcfs mën ghpnrtf, nnolbtn Vugkd_bpnrt ç rbspnmsævbi pnr bstb knmtrnib.
Fn jgmfi fkbrtb f tbif cb hncn qub jgqub sbhbiefmtb f bstf<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
630
;. Qnr hfgs gmkrèvbi qub gstn pnssf pfrbkbr mnssn rbiftûrgn bstæ prnmtn, prbkgsfhns snhbmtbhucfr f kefhfcf f pfrtgr cn nolbtn J^Hbmu (fprnvbgtfrbhns n nolbtn J^C`@brfi krgfcn pfrf n usn knh n _bpnrt [hgte) kefhb mnvfhbmtb n nolbtn J^Hbmu b kigqub mf npàën’_biftûrgn | @brfi‘ kefhfmcn n bvbmtn nmKigkd4
3. Gmsgrf n knhfmcnprnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.@brfi6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm gj J^C`@brfi.[enwHncfi 8 hrND tebm Kefhf b vbrgjgkf sb f C`@brfi rbtnrmnu ND
wgte J^_biftn cn Qfrf n nolbtn J^_biftnob`gm
VryOfsgkn.QfrfhsT1X.FsJinft <8 [trSnJinft(J^C`@brfi.KfhpGmgkgfi)4 Bmvgf ns pfrïhbtrnsVryOfsgkn.QfrfhsT1X.FsJinft <8 [trSnJinft(J^C`@brfi.KfhpJgmfi)4VryOfsgkn.Npbm4 Forb f VubryVrKnmjbrb.Qrbvgbw4 Kefhf n rbiftûrgn bh tbifVryOfsgkn.Kinsb4 Jbkef f Vubry
bmc4
bmc4
Qncbrgfhns j gkfr krgfmcn ’m‘ tgpns cb rbiftûrgns cgjbrbmtbs hfs n hbienr hçtncn ç qubvnkì cì uhf niefcf mn cgrbtûrgn TCgrbtûrgn cb Gmstfifàën cn CbipegXYCbhnsYVugkd_pt b bxbkutb n prnlbtn Vrcbhn.cpr. Vufiqubr nutrf rbjbrìmkgf pncb sbr bmknmtrfcf mn cnkuhbmtn Pnrc qubfknhpfmef n prncutn, n frqugvn VrHfmufi.cnk.
N usuærgn cn Cbipeg 6.1 pncb jgkfr sb pbr`umtfmcn pnrqub fcqugrgr nu fprbmcbr futgigzfr uh nutrn `brfcnr cb rbiftûrgn qufmcn n Cbipeg læ trfz `rftugtfhbmtb n _bpnrt[hgte> N prnoibhf qub fknmtbkb sb rbstrgm`b f cgstrgougàën cb uh sgstbhf bh Cbipeg qub utgigzb rbiftûrgns`brfcns knh n _bpnrt[hgte bstb bxg`b uh rum-tghb pfrf bxbkutfr (cgstrgouècn `rftugtfhbmtbtfmtn mf vbrsën 6.1 qufmtn mf vbrsën ?.1) nkupfmcn hfgs bspfàn mf hæqugmf kigbmtb.
Mbkbssfrgfhbmtb, mën sbræ prbkgsn bmqufmtn vnkì bstgvbr mf jfsb cb ’cbsbmefmcn‘ n
jnrhuiærgn bxbkutfr n sgstbhf pfrf vbr knhn jgknu, sghpibshbmtb cì uh cupin kigqub mn nolbtn bn rbiftûrgn sbræ futnhftgkfhbmtb `brfcn. Nos. Kugcfcn qub ns bvbmtns krgfcns cn jnrhuiærgn mënsbrën bxbkutfcns.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
635
Kfpètuin GU
Huitghècgf
Bstb kfpètuin jng gmsbrgcn fpbmfs pfrf sfmfr qufgsqubr cüvgcfs bxgstbmtbs qufmtn fncbsbmvnivghbmtn cb fpigkfàòbs qub bmvnivfh huitghècgf knh n Cbipeg, f prghbgrf pfrtb mën jfz pfrtb cn cbsbmvnivghbmtn cn prnlbtn pgintn gmgkgfcn.
N qub ç huitghècgf >
Huitghècgf b uhf fssnkgfàën qub cbknrrb knh n usn cb ghf`bms, snms b hnvghbmtns, nstrìs tgpns cb frqugvns qub sb utgigzfh cbstb jnrhftn cb fpigkfàën sën<
6. tgpn FZG - gmkiug fs prncuàòbs cb vècbn.?. tgpn HGC - frqugvns pfrf f prncuàën cb hüsgkf utgigzfmcn f gmtbrjfkb cb Gmstruhbmtns
Husgkfgs Cg gtfigzfcns, nu jnrhftn HGCG.
;. tgpn PFZ - hfgs knhums, gmkiug n rb`gstrn cb snms utgigzfmcn f tbkmnin`gfHgkrnsnjt's PFZB..
N prnoibhf prgmkgpfi qub nknrrb qufmtn f fpigkfàòbs huitghècgf ç n bspfàn jèsgknnkupfcn, pnr bxbhpin, frqugvns cn tgpn FZG, knhpfrfmcn uh jgihb cb fpbmfs uh hgmutn nuhbmns pncb nkupfr kbrkf cb 2Ho nu ftç hbshn 61Ho cb bspfàn bh cgskn.
Cbipeg fmc Huitghbcgf
N nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibty mf pæ`gmf [ystbh, pbrhgtb n fkbssn fns frqugvns huitghècgf. N knmtrnib ç bxtrbhfhbmtb sghpibs. Cb jftn, ç jækgikrgfr fpigkfàòbs qub bmvnivfh snh nu ghf`bms bh hnvghbmtn knh fpbmfs uhf nu cufs igmefs cbkûcg`n.
Ftrfvçs cbstb nolbtn vnkì tbh fkbssn b knmtrnib f rntgmfs hfgs gmtbrmfs ftrfvçs cf HKG( Hbcgf Knmtrni Gmtbrjfkb). Bssfs rntgmfs pncbh sbr prn`rfhfcfs pfrf fkbssfr tncf f pnssgogigcfcbcn humcn huitghècgf. Knh bstb nolbtns bstfs rntgmfs sb tnrmfh bxtrbhfhbmtb sghpibs b gmtugtgvfs pfrf sbu usn, knhn vbrbhns f sb`ugr.
Nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr
Qfrf krgfr uhf sghpibs fpigkfàën huitghècgf krgb uh mnvn prnlbtn, b frrfstb n nolbtn pfrf n jnrhuiærgn, futnhftgkfhbmtb ç krgfcn uhf ofrrf cb tfrbjfs huitghècgf, knmjnrhb f jg`urffofgxn<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
637
Kigqub mn nolbtn b fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb JgibMfhb pfrf K<YPGMCNP[YKEGHB[.PFZbstf prnprgbcfcb fssnkgf f frqugvns tgpn FZG, HGCG nu PFZB fitbrb tfhoçh f prnprgbcfcb FutnNpbm pfrf Srub, bstf prnprgbcfcb gmgkgf futnhftgkfhbmtb n frqugvn.
Cbpngs cb knhpibtns bstbs sghpibs pfssns vnkì læ pncb rncfr n prn`rfhf. Qrbssgnmb n ontën vbrcb pfrf nuvgr n snh cn frqugvn sbibkgnmfcn. Hfs cb rbpbmtb vnkì mën nuvgu mfcf, mënsb cbsbspbrb f kfusf pncb sbr uh cbstbs prnoibhfs
6. Znkì bmtrnu knh n mnhb cn frqugvn gmvæigcn.
?. [bu sgstbhf cb huitghècgf mën bstæ knrrbtn.
;. F prnprgbcfcb FutnNpbm mën bstæ trub.
_bsuitfcns gcìmtgkns nknrrbh knh frqugvns HGCG nu FZG.
Kninkfmcn fs prnprgbcfcb bh hncn _umtghb
Cbpbmcbmcn cfs kgrkumstïmkgfs ç prbjbrèvbi qub n frqugvn mën bstblf sbhprb fobrtn hfsfpbmfs qufmcn n usuærgn kigkfr bh uh cbtbrhgmfcn ontën. Gstn pncb sbr notgcn jfkgihbmtbhncgjgkfmcn f prnprgbcfcb FutnNpbm pfrf Jfisb b mn bvbmtn NmKigkd cn ontën gmsgrf n sb`ugmtbknhfmcn<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.Outtnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
HbcgfQifybr6.Npbm4bmc4
Qncbhns tfhoçh fitbrfr n frqugvn f qufi qubrbhns nuvgr, pfrf gstn gmsgrf n nolbtn
NpbmCgfin` , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfibttb mf pæ`gmf Cgfin`s, b uh nolbtn OgtOtmknmjnrhb f jg`urf fofgxn<
Qfrf n bvbmtn nmKigkd cn nolbtn [bibkgnmf gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.[bibkgnmfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
HbcgfQifybr6.Kinsb4gj NpbmCgfin`6.Bxbkutb tebmob`gm
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
621
HbcgfQifybr6.JgibMfhb <8 NpbmCgfin`6.JgibMfhb4HbcgfQifybr6.Npbm4
bmc4bmc4
Rh flustb pncb sbr jbgtn pfrf pbrhgtgr qub n nolbtn sbibàën tbmef fkbssn fpbmfs fsbxtbmsòbs FZG , PFZ, nr HGC. Qncbmcn sbr kninkfcn cb cufs hfmbgrfs cgjbrbmtbs, mf prnprgbcfcb Jgitbr cn nolbtn NpbmCgfin`6<
6. Frqugvns Huitghècgf (*.fvg4 *wfv4 *.hgc) | *.fvg4*.wfv4*.hgc
?. Frqugvn FZG (*.fvg) | *.fvg
Frqugvn PFZB (*.wfv) | *.wfv
Frqugvn HGCG (*.HGC) | *.hgc
Fs ofrrfs ( | ) sën utgigzfcfs pfrf cgvgcgr cufs sbàòbs< Jgitbr Mfhb b Jgitbr .
Qbsqugsfmcn vfrgævbgs bh hncn _umSghb
Rhf fhnstrf hugtn sghpibs cb uh prn`rfhf huitghècgf, b uh tfmtn pncbrnsn qub qufsbqufiqubr pbssnf ç kfpfz cb jfzb-in, pngs n prn`rfhf ç uh pnukn rnoustn, b mën fknmsbien ftbmtftgvf pnr prn`rfhfcnrbs gmbxpbrgbmtbs, pfrf fs gmjnrhfàòbs fqug mbkbssgtfcfs ç prbkgsn tbr uhknmtrnib tntfi cfs kfpfkgcfcbs huitghècgf.
Fmtbs cb gmgkgfrhns vfhns jfzbr uhf pbqubmf nosbrvfàën, prgmkgpfihbmtb rbiftgvn f cngs pnmtns<
Qfrf fi`ums prn`rfhfcnrbs qub prnkurfh kngsfs ütbgs, fs gmjnrhfàòbs fqug prbsbmtbsknmtçh n bssbmkgfi pfrf trfmsjnrhæ-ins bh prn`rfhfcnrbs huitghècgf.
Nutrf nosbrvfàën sbrgf f rbspbgtn cb fi`ums knmtrnibs f frqugvns huitghècgf. Cì uhfniefcf mn frqugvn TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXY[NR_KBY_SIYPGMYHH[W[SBH.QF[, ç uhf ogoigntbkfcb jumàòbs qub knmtçh tncfs fs kefhfcf cb fkbssn f ofgxn mèvbi cb knhfmcns Pgmcnws pfrffpigkfàòbs huitghècgf. Fs tçkmgkfs cb fkbssns bstën knmtgcfs mn prûprgn cnkuhbmtn.
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
626
Knh bstbs cngs pnmtns jrbskns bh mnssf hbmtb, pncbhns gmgkgfr n mnssn bstucn snorb nsfspbktns cn nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr .
Cì uhf niefcf mf Nolbtn Gmspbktnr mf pæ`gmf cb Bvbmtns cn nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr vnkìbmknmtrfræ cngs hçtncns<
N bvbmtn NmKigkd qub nknrrb qufmcn ç prbssgnmfcn qufiqubr ontën cn knmtrnib. Qnrgmstïmkgf, ftrfvçs cn pfrïhbtrn bmvgfcn Outtnm ç pnssèvbi sfobr sb n ontën prbssgnmfcn jng nNmQify.
Rh sb`umcn bvbmtn knmsgstb mn NmMntgjy pnr knmtbr f hbmsf`bh hh^HkgMntgjy qub sënfs kefhfcfs cn Pgmcnws pfrf n gmgkgn nu n tbrhgmn cb uhf bxbkuàën, knh sbus bvbmtufgs brrns.
Fhons ns bvbmtns sbrën cgskutgcns mns prûxghns pfræ`rfjns.
Ç pnssèvbi gcbmtgjgkfr n ontën prbssgnmfcn ftrfvçs cn bvbmtn NmKigkd, fqug bstën tncns nstgpns brfcns pbin SHQOtmSypb<
otQify< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën vbrcb, Gmgkgfr.
otQfusb< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fhfrbin, Qfusf.
ot[tnp< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën vbrhbien, Qfrfr.
otOfkd< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fzui, Fvfmàf f ghf`bh.
ot[tbp< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fzui, _btnrmf f ghf`bh.
otMbxt< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fzui, Fvfmàn ræpgcn.
otQrbv< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fzui, _btnrmn ræpgcn.
ot_bknrc< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën vbrhbien, @rfvfàën.
otBlbkt< Vufmcn prbssgnmfcn n ontën fzui, _btgrfr.
Gmgkgfihbmtb vfhns cbtbrhgmfr qufi jng n tgpn cb ontën prbssgnmfcn, pfrf tfmtn, krgb pfrf
n bvbmtn NmKigkd n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<prnkbcurb SJnrh6.HbcgfQifybr6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 Outtnm< SHQOtmSypb4 vfr CnCbjfuit< Onnibfm)4ob`gm
kfsb Outtnm nj otQify< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Snkfmcn'4 otQfusb< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Qfusfcn'4 ot[tnp< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Qfrfcn'4 otMbxt< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Qrûxghn'4 otQrbv< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Fmtbrgnr'4 ot[tbp< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Fvfmàfmcn'4 otOfkd< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 '_btnrmfmcn'4 ot_bknrc< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 '@rfvfmcn'4 otBlbkt< Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 '_btgrfmcn'4bmc4
bmc4
Qfrf bmknmtrfr n qub fknmtbkbu knh n prnkbssn, mbkbssgtfhns cn bvbmtn NmMntgjy. Fqugbstën fs hbmsf`bms bmvgfcfs pbin sgstbhf npbrfkgnmfi<
hkg^Mntgjy^[ukkbssjui< Knhfmcn knhpibtfcn knh ìxgtn
hkg^Mntgjy^[upbrsbcbc< Knhfmcn suspbmsn pnr nutrf jumàën
hkg^Mntgjy^Fonrtbc< Jumàën knrrbmtb jng gmtbrrnhpgcf
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
62?
hkg^Mntgjy^Jfgiurb< Fi`uh brrn nknrrbu.
N Cbipeg mën rbknmebkb bstfs cgrbtgvfs cb hbmsf`bh, hfs bib knmvbrtb pfrf knmstfmtbscn tgpn<
mv[ukkbssjui gmcgkfmcn n ìxgtn.
mv[upbrsbcbc gmcgkfmcn qub bstæ suspbmsn, prnvfvbihbmtb pnr kfusf cb uhf pfusf.
mvFonrtbc hbssf`bs gmcgkfmcn qub jng prbssgnmfcn n ontën pfrfr, nu kfusf cbvgcn fnjbkefhbmtn cn frqugvn.
Kigkd mn bvbmtn NmMntgjy b kninqub n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.HbcgfQifybr6Mntgjy([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr[< [trgm`4Sntfi< Gmtb`br
ob`gmkfsb HbcgfQifybr6.MntgjyZfiub nj mv[ukkbssjui< ob`gm
Gmk(Sntfi)4
[ <8 'hkg^Mntgjy^[ukkbssjui ' + GmtSn[tr(Sntfi)4bmc4
mv[upbrsbcbc< [ <8 'hkg^Mntgjy^[upbrsbcbc'4mvFonrtbc< [ <8 'hkg^Mntgjy^Fonrtbc'4mvJfgiurb< [ <8 'hkg^Mntgjy^Jfgiurb'4
bisb [ <8 'Mën knmsg`n gcbmtgjgkfr f hbmsf`bh'4
bmc4Bcgt?.Sbxt <8 [4gj (HbcgfQifybr6.MntgjyZfiub 8 mv[ukkbssjui) fmc (HbcgfQifybr6.Hncb 8 hp[tnppbc) tebm Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Frqugvn jgmfigzfcn'4
bmc4
Bstbs bvbmtns vbrgjgkfh ns fknmtbkghbmtns hfgs sg`mgjgkftgvns qub nknrrbrfh knh ncgspnsgtgvn HKG. N hncn knrrbmtb knh qub n cgspnsgtgvn HKG ç bspbkgjgkfcn tfhoçh pncb sbrutgigzfcn pbin nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr . Fqug uhf igstf`bh cns vfinrbs hfgs knhums cbsg`mfcns<
hkg^Hncb^Mnt^_bfcy
hkg^Hncb^[tnp
hkg^Hncb^Qify
hkg^Hncb^_bknrc
hkg^Hncb^[bbd
hkg^Hncb^Qfusb
hkg^Hncb^Npbm
Bstbs vfinrbs sën futn-bxpigkftgvns. Qnr bxbhpin, n hncn cn kfhpn ç jgxfcn bhhkg^Hncb^[tnp, n cgspnsgtgvn bstæ pfrfcn. [b jgxfcn bh hkg^Hncb^Qify, n cgspnsgtgvn bstætnkfmcn.
Krgb uhf mnvf prnkbcurb Qrgvftb kefhfcf [btHncb, b gmsgrf n sb`ugmtb kûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.[btHncb4ob`gm
Bcgt3.Sbxt <8 HbcgfQifybr6.JgibMfhb4kfsb HbcgfQifybr6.Hncb nj
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
62;
hpMnt_bfcy< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^Mnt^_bfcy'4hp[tnppbc< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^[tnp'4hpQifygm`< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^Qify'4hp_bknrcgm`< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^_bknrc'4
hp[bbdgm`< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^[bbd'4hpQfusbc< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^Qfusb'4hpNpbm< Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'hkg^Hncb^Npbm'4bisbob`gm
Bcgt6.Sbxt <8 'Cgspnsgtgvn Gmftgvn'4Bcgt?.Sbxt <8 '[bh hbssf`bms'4Bcgt;.Sbxt <8 'Mën gcbmtgjgkfcn'4Bcgt3.Sbxt <8 'Mën eæ frqugvn sbibkgnmfcn'4
bmc4bmc4
bmc4
Qfrf f kefhfcf cbstf rntgmf kigkd mn nolbtn Stghbr b kefhb n bvbmtn NmSghbr b gmsgrf nsb`ugmtb kûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.Sghbr6Sghbr([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm [btHncb4
bmc4
Knh f prnprgbcfcb Gmtbrvfi cbstb nolbtn jgxfcf bh 6111, sg`mgjgkf qub f kfcf 6111hgigsb`umcns sbræ cgspfrfcf f rntgmf cb vbrgjgkfàën qub gmjnrhfræ n bstfcn pfrf n nolbtnSHbcgfQifybr .
Bxbkutb n prnlbtn b ftbmtb pfrf ns sb`ugmtbs cbtfiebs<
Sncf f vbz qub jnr usfcn uh ontën cf ofrrf huitghècgf, sbræ cgspfrfcn n bvbmtn nmKigkdhfrkfmcn cbstb hncn n tgpn cb ontën prbssgnmfcn4
Fs hbmsf`bms cf hh^HkgMntgjy nknrrbh curfmtb tncf f bxbkuàën cf fpigkfàën, tbmtbutgigzfr ns ontòbs Qfusf b Qfrfr mn hbgn cb uhf bxbkuàën.
Vufmcn jnr sbibkgnmfr uh mnvn frqugvn, fjfstb uh pnukn f lfmbif cb cgæin`n b nosbrvbknhn bstën ns kfhpns bcgt.
Nosbrvb b bstucb tfhoçh n frqugvn TCgrbtûrgnCbipegXY[NR_KBYZKIYHQIFWB_.QF[ bib ç f umgcfcb prgmkgpfi cb krgfàën cn nolbtn SHbcgfQifybr .
Gmsbrgmcn n huitghècgf pfrf n [gstbhf
Vub tfi sb fiçh cb kfcfstrfrhns ns mnssns KC‗s pucbssbhns nuvè-ins, fcgkgnmb uh npàëncn hbmu prgmkgpfi cn sgstbhf qub kefhfræ n sb`ugmtb jnrhuiærgn.
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
623
Cbsbmvnivghbmtn cn KC Qifybr
Gmgkgfihbmtb, krgb uh mnvn nolbtn Jnrh ofsbfcn mf tbhpiftb Oifmd jnrh b fitbrb fssb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Onrcbr[tyib osCgfin` Bstgin cf onrcf cn jnrhuiærgn
Kfptgnm KC Qifybr Ifobi cn nolbtn (Sfrlf fzui cn jnrhuiærgn)
Mfhb J^Qifybr Mnhb cn nolbtn
Qnsgtgnm pn[krbbmKbmtbr Qnsgàën cf lfmbif (kbmtrfigzfcn)
Krgb pfrf bstf mnvf lfmbif ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns<
SHbcgfQifybr , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibty mf pæ`gmf [ystbh, b fitbrb fssb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
ZgsgoibOuttnms TotQify,otQfusb,ot[tnp,otMbxt,otQrbv,otBlbktX
Ontòbs qub jgkfrën vgsèvbgs
Mfhb KC Mnhb cn nolbtn
SSghbr , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibty mf pæ`gmf [ystbh, sbrvgræ pfrf knmtrnifrn tbhpn cfs hüsgkfs.
Qfmbi , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc , b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Fig`m fiOnttnh Figmefhbmtn cbmtrn cn jnrh, tncn mn rncfpç
Fig`mhbmt tfIbjtLustgjy Figmefhbmtn cf Kfptgnm, lustgjgkfcn á bsqubrcf
ObvbiGmmbr ovInwbrbc Onrcf ;C gmtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
ObvbiNutbr ovInwbrbc Onrcf ;C bxtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
OnrcbrPgcte 6 Sfhfmen cf onrcf
Kfptgnm Gmsgrf n KC Ifobi cn nolbtn
Mfhb Igmef[tftus Mnhb cn nolbtn
Jnmt H[ [fms [brgj, Bstgin cfjnmtb< Mnrhfi, Sfhfmen< 5,Knr< Fzui Hfrgmen
Sgpn cb ibtrf f sbr hnstrfcf mn nolbtn, pfrf fitbrfr bstf
prnprgbcfcb kigqub mn ontën
Ebg`et ?? Fiturf cn nolbtn
Qfmbi , bmknmtrfcn mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc , b fitbrb fs sb`ugmtbs prnprgbcfcbs<
Qrnprgbcfcb Zfinr Cbskrgàën
Fig`m fiSnp Figmefhbmtn cbmtrn cn jnrh, tncn mn tnpn
ObvbiGmmbr ovInwbrbc Onrcf ;C gmtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
ObvbiNutbr ov_fgsb Onrcf ;C bxtbrmf, tgpn prbssgnmfcn
OnrcbrPgcte ? Sfhfmen cf onrcf
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
622
Ebg`et 21 Fiturf cn nolbtn
Kfptgnm Ifobi cn nolbtn
Krgb quftrn nolbtns Ifobi cbmtrn cn nolbtn Qfmbi?, pfrf ns cngs prghbgrns fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm pfrf Srgief< b Qnsgàën< rbspbktgvfhbmtb pfrf ns nutrns cngs fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf IoiSrfkd b IoiSghb, fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Jnmt cb tncns pfrf H[ [fms[brgj, Bstgin cf jnmtb< Mnrhfi, Sfhfmen< 5, Knr< Kfstfmen.
Knhpfrb n cbsbmen cn jnrhuiærgn f sb`ugr<
Vufmtn fn prn`rfhf vnu bxpigkæ-in mf gmtb`rf, fknhpfmeb f igstf`bh kninkfmcn ns prnkbcghbmtns mns inkfgs gmcgkfcns<
umgt Jpifybr4
gmtbrjfkb
usbs [ysRtgis, PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,Jnrhs, Cgfin`s, [tcKtris, BxtKtris, HQifybr, HH[ystbh4
typb SJ^Qifybr 8 kifss(SJnrh)
KC< SHbcgfQifybr4Sghbr6< SSghbr4Igmef[tftus< SQfmbi4Qfmbi?< SQfmbi4Ifobi6< SIfobi4Ifobi?< SIfobi4IoiSrfkd< SIfobi4IoiSghb< SIfobi4prnkbcurb Sghbr6Sghbr([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb KCQnstKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 Outtnm< SHQOtmSypb)4prnkbcurb KCMntgjy([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4
prnkbcurb JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4prgvftb SrgiefKnrrbmtb< oytb4JgmfiSrgiefKnrrbmtb< Inm`gmt4SrgiefIgcfs< onnibfm4KCQifygm`, KCQfusbc< onnibfm4SfhSrgief< frrfyT6..611X nj Inm`Gmt4jumktgnm KCQns([bmcbr<SNolbkt4 Srgief, Hgm, [bk< oytb)< Inm`gmt4prnkbcurb GmgtKC([bmcbr<SNolbkt)4prnkbcurb _bsbtKC([bmcbr<SNolbkt)4
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
62:
puoigk { Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
vfr J^Qifybr< SJ^Qifybr4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
{$_ *.CJH}
knmst Hncb[tr< frrfyTShpHncbsX nj strgm`T61X 8 ('Mën Igcn', 'Qfrfcn', 'Snkfmcn',
'@rfvfmcn', 'Qbsqugsfmcn', 'Qfusfcn', 'Fobrtn')4
{ Krgfcn - Kfikuif f pnsgàën }jumktgnm SJ^Qifybr.KCQns([bmcbr<SNolbkt4 Srgief, Hgm, [bk< oytb)< Inm`gmt4vfr g< gmtb`br4
ob`gm rbsuit <8 14jnr g <8 6 tn (Srgief - 6) cn ob`gm
Gmk(_bsuit, hkg^H[J^[bknmc(SfhSrgiefTgX))4Gmk(_bsuit, hkg^H[J^Hgmutb(SfhSrgiefTgX) * :1)4
bmc4Gmk(_bsuit, [bk)4Gmk(_bsuit, Hgm * :1)4
bmc4
{ Krgfcn - Gmgkgfigzf ns crgvbrs cb KC }
prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr.GmgtKC([bmcbr<SNolbkt)4
vfr g < gmtb`br4
ob`gmgj mnt SrgiefIgcfs tebm ob`gm
Igmef[tftus.Kfptgnm <8 'Ibmcn fs trgiefs'4Igmef[tftus.Rpcftb4jnr g <8 6 tn KC.Srfkds cn
SfhSrgiefTgX <8 KC.SrfkdIbm`teTgX4SrgiefIgcfs <8 Srub4
bmc4bmc4
{ Krgfcn - _bsbtf n jnrhuiærgn } prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr._bsbtKC([bmcbr<SNolbkt)4ob`gm
{ Ighpf pfrf trgief 1 }SrgiefKnrrbmtb <8 64IoiSrfkd.Kfptgnm <8 '1'4IoiSghb.Kfptgnm <8 '11<11'4
{ Hncgjgkf f knr pfrf vbrhbien }
IoiSrfkd.Jnmt.Kninr <8 ki_bc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
620
IoiSghb.Jnmt.Kninr <8 ki_bc4
{ Qfrf n KC Qifybr }
KC.[tnp4
{ Kninkf f pnsgkfn cf trgief pfrf f gmgkgfi }
KC.[tfrtQns <8 hkg^Hfdb^SH[J(6, 1, 1, 1)4KCQifygm` <8 Jfisb4KCQfusbc <8 Jfisb4
bmc4
{ Bvbmtn Sghbr cn Nolbtn Sghbr6 }
prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr.Sghbr6Sghbr([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
Srgief, Hgmutbs, [bknmcs < oytb4strHgmutn, str[b`umcn< [trgm`4Qns< Inm`Gmt4
ob`gm { Fkbrtf n bstfcn cf igmef } gj KCQfusbc tebm
Igmef[tftus.Kfptgnm <8 'Qfusfcn'bisb
Igmef[tftus.Kfptgnm <8 Hncb[trTKC.HncbX4
kfsb KC.Hncb nj hp[tnppbc<
ob`gm { Gmgkgfigzf n KC pfrf sbr igcn }
gj mnt SrgiefIgcfs tebm GmgtKC(KC)4
{ Mn kfsn cb sbr Knmtgmunus Qify }
gj KCQifygm` fmc (mnt KCQfusbc) tebm ob`gm
KC.[tfrtQns <8 hkg^Hfdb^SH[J(6, 1, 1, 1)4KC.Qify4KC.BmfoibcOuttnms <8 TotQfusb, ot[tnp, otMbxt, otQrbv, otBlbktX4
bmc4bmc4
hpNpbm<ob`gm
SrgiefIgcfs <8 Jfisb4_bsbtKC(KC)4
bmc4hpQifygm`<
ob`gm Qns <8 KC.Qnsgtgnm4Srgief <8 hkg^SH[J^Srfkd(Qns)4Hgmutbs <8 hkg^SH[J^Hgmutb(Qns)4[bknmcs <8 hkg^SH[J^[bknmc(Qns)4SrgiefKnrrbmtb <8 Srgief4
{ Knmstrûg ns hgmutns b sb`umcns pfrf hnstrfr }
strHgmutn <8 GmtSn[tr(Hgmutbs)4str[b`umcn <8 GmtSn[tr([bknmcs)4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
625
gj Ibm`te(strHgmutn) 9 ? tebmstrHgmutn <8 '1' + strHgmutn4
gj Ibm`te(str[b`umcn) 9 ? tebmstr[b`umcn <8 '1' + str[b`umcn4
{ Hnstrf ns Ifobis }
IoiSrfkd.Kfptgnm <8 GmtSn[tr(Srgief)4IoiSghb.Kfptgnm <8 strHgmutn + '<' + str[b`umcn4bmc4
bmc4bmc4
{ Bvbmtn QnstKigkd cn Nolbtn KC }
prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr.KCQnstKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 Outtnm< SHQOtmSypb)4ob`gm
kfsb Outtnm nj otQify<
ob`gm { Hncgjgkf f knr pfrf Fzui Hfrgmen }
IoiSrfkd.Jnmt.Kninr <8 kiMfvy4IoiSghb.Jnmt.Kninr <8 kiMfvy4KCQifygm` <8 Srub4KCQfusbc <8 Jfisb4Rpcftb4
bmc4 otQfusb<
ob`gm{ Hncgjgkf f knr pfrf _nxn }IoiSrfkd.Jnmt.Kninr <8 kiQurpib4IoiSghb.Jnmt.Kninr <8 kiQurpib4KCQifygm` <8 Jfisb4KCQfusbc <8 Srub4Rpcftb4
bmc4 ot[tnp<
_bsbtKC(KC)4 otBlbkt<
ob`gm SrgiefIgcfs <8 Jfisb4_bsbtKC(KC)4
bmc4bmc4Sghbr6Sghbr(Sghbr6)4
bmc4
{ Bvbmtn NmMntgjy cn Nolbtn KC }
prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr.KCMntgjy([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm Sghbr6Sghbr(Sghbr6)4
bmc4
{ Bvbmtn NmKrbftb cn Nolbtn J^Qifybr }
prnkbcurb SJ^Qifybr.JnrhKrbftb([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
KCQifygm` <8 Jfisb4KCQfusbc <8 Jfisb4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
627
SrgiefIgcfs <8 Jfisb4bmc4
bmc.
[fivb n jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cb JQifybr b jfàf f kefhfcf f pfrtgr cn hbmu prgmkgpfi
cn sbu sgstbhf, onh cgvbrtghbmtn.
Kfpètuin U
Mnvns Knhpnmbmtbs
Rhf cfs hfgnrbs vfmtf`bms cn Cbipeg snorb ns cbhfgs knmknrrbmtbs ç n jftn cf `brfàëncb mnvns knhpnmbmtbs (cb mnvns nolbtns).
N bxbhpin f sb`ugr prbtbmcb kninkfr uhf iuz snorb n fssumtn hnstrfmcn ns pfssns oæsgkns pfrf n cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb knhpnmbmtbs, bstbs pfssns sën<
Krgfmcn prnprgbcfcbs b hçtncns4
Knmtrnib fn fkbssn fs prnprgbcfcbs4
Qrnprgbcfcbs cb ibgturf b bskrgtf4
Bmvgfmcn b rbkbobmcn hbmsf`bms ftrfvçs cns knhpnmbmtbs.
Krgfmcn Knhpnmbmtbs
Knhpnmbmtbs sën knhn oinkns cb knmstruàën pfrf fs fpigkfàòbs Cbipeg. Znkì pncbræknmstrugr uhf fpigkfàën sghpibshbmtb fcgkgnmfmcn bstbs oinkns b hncgjgkfmcn ns bvbmtns, prnprgbcfcbs nu hçtncns. Sncns ns knhpnmbmtbs pnssubh cufs prnprgbcfcbs bh knhuh< Mfhb bSf` . Fi`ums knhpnmbmtbs bstën cgstrgouècns mf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb. Hfs fi`ums knhpnmbmtbs(SFppigkftgnm, SHbmu, SHbmuGtbh, b S[krbbm) sën cgspnmèvbgs fpbmfs ftrfvçs cb sbu kûcg`n.
Znkì pncb krgfr mnvns knhpnmbmtbs utgigzfmcn ns sb`ugmtbs pfssns<
6. Cbrgvfmcn ns mnvns knhpnmbmtbs cb uh knhpnmbmtb læ bxgstbmtb.?. Hncgjgkfmcn uh knhpnmbmtb.
;. _b`gstrfmcn uh knhpnmbmtb.
N knhpnmbmtb ç krgfcn knhn uhf umgt sbpfrfcf cb uh prnlbtn, pncbmcn sbr jnrhfcn pnruhf nu hfgs umgt³s. Fpûs vnkì krgfàën cn knhpnmbmtb, knhpgifàën b gmstfifàën cbmtrn cf pfibtfcb knhpnmbmtbs. Qfrf usfr n knhpnmbmtb, sbibkgnmb-n cf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb b fcgkgnmb-n fnjnrhuiærgn.
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:1
F Kifssb SKnhpnmbmt
Znkì krgfræ uh mnvn knhpnmbmtb utgigzfmcn cgrbtfhbmtb n Kncb Bcgtnr , pfrf gssn vnkìusfræ f Knhpnmbmt Bxpbrt . Mf vbrcfcb tncns ns knhpnmbmtbs krgfcns sbrën cbrgvfcns cbknhpnmbmtbs læ bxgstbmtbs, hbshn qub vnkì cbsblb krgfr uh knhpnmbmtb sbh bvbmtns nu
prnprgbcfcbs bib sbræ ebrcfcn cb uhf kifssb læ bxgstbmtb f SKnhpnmbmt .
F SKnhpnmbmt ç uhf kifssb gmgkgfi cb knhpnmbmtbs, sno bif ç qub jng jbgtf f ærvnrb cbknhpnmbmtbs Cbipeg, pnr bxbhpin, f kifssb SKnmtrni , pnssubh hfgs cb 01 knhpnmbmtbscbskbmcbmtbs, tfgs knhn< SOgtOtm, SOuttnm, SKebkdOnx, SKninrCgfin` , SKnhonOnx, SJnrh,SJnmtCgfin` , S@rnupOnx, SEbfcbr , SGhf`b, SIfobi , SIgstOnx, SHfgmHbmu b SHbcgfQifybr . Bvnkì fgmcf pncb cbrgvfr hfgs fi`ums cbskbmcbmtbs cfqug.
Rh Knhpnmbmtb [ghpibs
Zfhns krgfr f`nrf uh mnvn knhpnmbmtb, pfrf tfmtn forf uh mnvn prnlbtn b sbibkgnmb
Jgib | Mbw... sbibkgnmb f pæ`gmf Mbw b n gtbh . [bræ hnstrfcf f lfmbif cf Knhpnmbmt
Bxpbrt . Gmjnrhb ns sb`ugmtbs pfrïhbtrns knmjnrhb n cbsbmen fofgxn<
Kigqub mn ontën ND pfrf fkbgtfr f bmtrfcf. F Knhpnmbmt Bxpbrt krgfræ futnhftgkfhbmtbn sb`ugmtb kûcg`n pfrf f kefhfcf cf Rmgt6<
umgt Rmgt64
gmtbrjfkb
usbs Pgmcnws, Hbssf`bs, [ysRtgis, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis, Jnrhs, Cgfin`s4
typbKustKnhp6 8 kifss(SKnhpnmbmt)prgvftb
{ Qrgvftb cbkifrftgnms }
prntbktbc { Qrntbktbc cbkifrftgnms }
puoigk
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:6
{ Quoigk cbkifrftgnms }
puoigsebc { Quoigsebc cbkifrftgnms }
bmc4
prnkbcurb _b`gstbr4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
prnkbcurb _b`gstbr4ob`gm
_b`gstbrKnhpnmbmts('Kustnh', TKustKnhp6X)4bmc4
bmc.
Fcgkgnmfmcn n Knhpnmbmtb f Qfiebtf
Qnr gmkrèvbi qub pfrbàf hfs vnkì tbrhgmnu cb knmstrugr sbu prghbgrn knhpnmbmtb, b obhvbrcfcb qub bib mën jfz fosniutfhbmtb mfcf fiçh cb forg`fr fs ümgkfs prnprgbcfcbs pfcròbsbxgstbmtbs bh qufiqubr knhpnmbmtb< Mfhb b Sf` . Hfs læ bstfhns mn knhbàn.
[fivb n knhpnmbmtb knhn Kust, sbibkgnmfmcn Jgib | [fvb, cbmtrn cn cgrbtûrgn cbgmstfifàën cn Cbipeg mf pfstf Igo. Qfrf gmstfifr n knhpnmbmtb sbibkgnmb Knhpnmbmt | Gmstfii... fpfrbkbræ f sb`ugmtb lfmbif cgæin`n<
Kigqub mn ontën Fcc... b sbræ hnstrfcf f lfmbif cgæin`n Fcc Hncuib. Rsb n ontënOrnwsb pfrf inkfigzfr n frqugvn Kust.QF[, mntb qub bib sbræ rbhbtgcn f IgstOnx Gmstfiibc umgts<b kfhgmen cn knhpnmbmtb (sb vnkì sfivnu-n bh nutrn cgrbtûrgn) sbræ kninkfcn mn [bfrke Qfte.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:?
Qfrf mnvns knhpnmbmtbs krgb uh cgrbtûrgn bhofgxn cn Cbipeg bmtgtuifcn Igo?, pngs sbvnkì sbhprb kninkfr kfcf mnvn knhpnmbmtb mn cgrbtûrgn Igo, kfsn vnkì prbkgsb knpgfr fpbmfs nssbus knhpnmbmtbs, cgjgkgihbmtb ns cgstgm`ugræ cns knhpnmbmtbs pfcròbs cn Cbipeg.
Ibhorb-sb qub n [bfrke Qfte ç uh kfhpn tbxtn ighgtfcn bh ?22 pnsgàòbs bmtëntfhoçh mën fcgfmtf pfrf kfcf knhpnmbmtb mnvn kninkfr uh cgrbtûrgn sbpfrfcn, pngs jfkgihbmtbvnkì bstnurfræ n tfhfmen cn kfhpn [bfrke Qfte.
Jgmfihbmtb kigqub mn ontën ND b f KNHQIGO.CKI (Ogoigntbkf pfcrën cbknhpnmbmtbs) sbræ rbknhpgifcf. Fn tçrhgmn cf knhpgifàën, mntb qub jng krgfcf uhf mnvf pæ`gmfmf Knhpnmbmt Qfiibtb (Kustnh) b fcgkgnmfcn n mnvn knhpnmbmtb (KustnhKnhp6).
Qfrf tbstfr sbu mnvn knhpnmbmtb krgb uh mnvn jnrhuiærgn gmsgrf n knhpnmbmtbKustnhKnhp6. Nosbrvb ftrfvçs cf Nolbkt Gmspbktnr fs prnprgbcfcbs cn sbu mnvn knhpnmbmtb< Mfhb b Sf` .
Krgfmcn Qrnprgbcfcbs
Qfrf n mnssn knhpnmbmtb vfhns fcgkgnmfr uhf prnprgbcfcb qub frhfzbmfræ uh vfinrgmtbgrn, pfrf gstn kefhb mnvfhbmtb f umgt cn knhpnmbmtb b gmsgrf ns kûcg`ns fofgxn cfcbkifrfàën prgvftb<
typb KustKnhp6 8 kifss(SKnhpnmbmt)prgvftb
jCbhnQrnp<Gmtb`br4
F`nrf krgfrbhns uhf prnprgbcfcb fnmcb n vfinr sbræ igcn b bskrgtn ftrfvçs cbstf vfrgævbi pfrf tfmtn gmsgrf ns kûcg`ns fofgxn cf cbkifrfàën puoigsebc<
puoigsebcprnpbrty CbhnQrnp< Gmtb`br rbfc jCbhnQrnp wrgtb jCbhnQrnp4
bmc4
F sbàën Quoigk (püoigkf) forg`f fs vfrgævbgs, prnkbcghbmtns nu jumàòbs qub pncbh sbrigcns b bxbkutfcns pnr qufgsqubr nutrfs umgts qub utgigzbh (ftrfvçs kiæusuif Rsbs) f umgt bhqubstën læ f sbàën Quoigsebc (Quoigkfcn) ç utgigzfcf pfrf gmsbrgr prnprgbcfcbs nu bvbmtns fnsknhpnmbmtbs.
[fivb n knhpnmbmtb b rbknhpgib f ogoigntbkf ftrfvçs cfs npàòbs Knhpnmbmt | _bougicIgorfry..., fn tçrhgmn cf rbknhpgifàën, mntb qub pfrf n knhpnmbmtb jng krgfcf uhf mnvf prnprgbcfcb cbjgmgcf knhn CbhnQrnp qub frhfzbmf n vfinrbs gmtbgrns.
Hçtncns cb Fkbssn
F prnprgbcfcb krgfcf pncb cgspfrfr uh prnkbcghbmtn nu uhf jumàën pfrf bxbkutfrcbtbrhgmfcfs fàòbs (pnr bxbhpin, kninkfmcn uh gmtbrvfin væigcn pfrf f vfrgævbi krgfcf).
Qrghbgrn, bskrbvf f sb`ugmtb jumàën pfrf f jumàën rbfc cn knhfmcn prnpbrty<
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:;
jumktgnm Kust.@btCbhnQrnp< gmtb`br4ob`gm
_bsuit <8 jCbhnQrnp4bmc4
Bskrbvf n prnkbcghbmtn pfrf f jumàën wrgtb cn knhfmcn prnpbrty<prnkbcurb Kust.[btCbhnQrnp(vfi< gmtb`br)4ob`gm
gj vfi = 77 tebm ob`gm
CbhnQrnp <8 jCbhnQrnp4rfgsb bxkbptgnm.krbftb('Zfinr mën pncb sbr hfgnr qub 77')4
bmc bisb
jCbhnQrnp <8 vfi4bmc4
Cbkifrb f jumàën @btCbhnQrnp b n prnkbcghbmtn [btCbhnQrnp mf sbàën prgvftb,
knmjnrhb n bxbhpin fofgxn<prgvftb
jCbhnQrnp<Gmtb`br4jumktgnm @btCbhnQrnp< gmtb`br4prnkbcurb [btCbhnQrnp(vfi< gmtb`br)4
B pfrf f sbàën puoigsebc trnqub fs prnprgbcfcbs<
puoigsebcprnpbrty CbhnQrnp< Gmtb`br rbfc @btCbhnQrnp wrgtb [btCbhnQrnp4
[fivb n knhpnmbmtb b rbknhpgib f ogoigntbkf ftrfvçs cfs npàòbs Knhpnmbmt | _bougicIgorfry..., mntb qub f prnprgbcfcb mën hfgs pbrhgtgræ vfinrbs supbrgnrbs f 77.
Krgfmcn mnvns tgpns
Cb hncn sbhbiefmtb fns læ cbskrgtns uhf prnprgbcfcb pncb forg`fr uhf igstf cb tgpnscbjgmgcns, pfrf tfmtn mf sbàën typb cbjgmf n knmlumtn qub forg`fræ ns tgpns<
typbSCgrbkfn 8 (crKghf, crOfgxn, crIfcn)4
Mf sbàën prgvftb krgb uhf mnvf vfrgævbi knh ofsb mn tgpn cbjgmgcn<
prgvftbjCbhnQrnp<Gmtb`br4jMnvfQrnp<SCgrbkfn4
B jgmfihbmtb mf sbàën puoigsebc cbjgmf f prnprgbcfcb<
puoigsebcprnpbrty CbhnQrnp< Gmtb`br rbfc @btCbhnQrnp wrgtb [btCbhnQrnp4prnpbrty MnvfQrnp< SCgrbkfn rbfc jMnvfQrnp wrgtb jMnvfQrnp4
[fivb n knhpnmbmtb b rbknhpgib f ogoigntbkf ftrfvçs cfs npàòbs Knhpnmbmt | _bougicIgorfry..., tbstb f mnvf prnprgbcfcb.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:3
Qbmsfmcn bh Nolbtns
Hfs pfrf qub cbvbhns krgfr mnvns knhpnmbmtbs> Qfrf figvgfrhns ns ’juturns‘ trfofiens.Ibhorf-sb qufmcn vnkì knpgfvf fqubibs pbqubmns pbcfàns cb rntgmfs (cn tgpn< kæikuin cbKQJ/K@K, kæikuin cb jftnrgfi, uh kfobàfien cb rbiftûrgn...) ns nolbtns sbrvbh bxftfhbmtb pfrf
`ufrcfhns bstbs ’pbqubmns pbcfàns‘ cb oinkns cb prn`rfhfàën, nu sb vnkì prbjbrgr n tbrhnsbrvb pfrf bmkfpsuifrhns bstbs kûcg`ns.
Knmstrugmcn uh Nolbtn
Vufmcn jnr knmstrugr nolbtns ibhorb-sb qub bib cbvb sbrvgr á værgns fpigkftgvns, mumkfknmstruf uh nolbtn qub sbrvgræ fpbmfs f uh ümgkn fpigkftgvn (ç pbrcf cb tbhpn).
Sncn n sgstbhf (pbin hbmns jnr Pgmcnws) mbkbssgtf cb uhf lfmbif [norb n [gstbhf bmtën vfhns trfmsjnrhfr f lfmbif snorb krgfcf mn Kfpètuin GZ bh uh nolbtn prætgkn qub sgrvf fqufiqubr sgstbhf, gmgkgb uh mnvn prnlbtn b krgb uh mnvn knhpnmbmtb, pfrf tfmtn forf uh mnvn
prnlbtn b sbibkgnmb Jgib | Mbw... sbibkgnmb f pæ`gmf Mbw b n gtbh Knhpnmbmt . [bræ hnstrfcf f lfmbif cf Knhpnmbmt Bxpbrt . Gmjnrhb ns sb`ugmtbs pfrïhbtrns<
Kifss Mfhb< [norbCi`
Fmkbstnr typb< SKnhpnmbmt
Qfibttb Qf`b< Cgfin`s
Kigqub mn ontën ND pfrf fkbgtfr f bmtrfcf. Fs fitbrfàòbs prnprnpnstfs mn nolbtn bstëncnkuhbmtfcfs knh n jnmtb<
umgt [norbCi`4
{ Bstb nolbtn pbrhgtb f krgfàën cb uhf "kfgxf snorb" pfcrën pfrf
cgvbrsns fpigkftgvns. }
gmtbrjfkb
usbs[ysRtgis, PgmSypbs, PgmQrnks, Hbssf`bs, Kifssbs, @rfpegks, Knmtrnis,Jnrhs, Cgfin`s, j[norb4
typbS[norbCi` 8 kifss(SKnhpnmbmt)
prgvftb JQrncuktMfhb, JZbrsgnm, JKnpyrg`et, JKnhhbmts< strgm`4puoigk
jumktgnm Bxbkutb< Onnibfm4puoigsebc
prnpbrty MnhbQrncutn< strgm` rbfc JQrncuktMfhb wrgtb JQrncuktMfhb4prnpbrty Zbrsfn< strgm` rbfc JZbrsgnm wrgtb JZbrsgnm4prnpbrty Cgrbgtns< strgm` rbfc JKnpyrg`et wrgtb JKnpyrg`et4prnpbrty Knhbmtfrgn< strgm` rbfc JKnhhbmts wrgtb JKnhhbmts4
bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:2
knmstQ_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^;5: 8 ;5:4Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^35: 8 35:4Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^QBMSGRH 8 25:4Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^5:1 8 5:14
Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_6111 8 61114Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_?111 8 ?1114Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_;111 8 ;1114Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_3111 8 31114Q_NKB[[N_^FIQEF^?61:3 8 ?61:34Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:16 8 :164Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:1; 8 :1;4Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:13 8 :134Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:?1 8 :?14
vfr [norbCi`< S[norbCi`4
prnkbcurb _b`gstbr4
ghpibhbmtftgnm
prnkbcurb _b`gstbr4ob`gm
_b`gstbrKnhpnmbmts('Cgfin`s', TS[norbCi`X)4bmc4
jumktgnm S[norbCi`.Bxbkutb< Onnibfm4vfr
NsGmjn< SN[ZB_[GNMGMJN4[ysGmjn< S[W[SBHGMJN4Hbh[tft< SHBHN_W[SFSR[4
CgsdMn< Gmtb`br4ob`gm
// Krgf f lfmbif bh hbhûrgfJ^[norb <8 SJ^[norb.Krbftb(Fppigkftgnm)4
try wgte J^[norb cn ob`gm // Kninkf fs prnprgbcfcbs mfs vfrgfvbgs cn jnrhuifrgn
QrncuktMfhb.Kfptgnm <8 MnhbQrncutn4Zbrsgnm.Kfptgnm <8 Zbrsfn4Knpyrg`et.Kfptgnm <8 Cgrbgtns4Knhhbmts.Kfptgnm <8 Knhbmtfrgn4
Kfptgnm <8 '[norb ' + MnhbQrncutn4
NsGmjn.cwN[ZbrsgnmGmjn[gzb <8 sgzbnj(SN[ZB_[GNMGMJN)4@btZbrsgnmBx(NsGmjn)4
// Zbrsën cn Pgmcnws kfsb NsGmjn.cwQiftjnrhGc nj
ZB_^QIFSJN_H^PGM;?s < PgmZbrsgnm.Kfptgnm <8 'Pgmcnws ;.6'4ZB_^QIFSJN_H^PGM;?^PGMCNP[ < PgmZbrsgnm.Kfptgnm <8 'Pgmcnws 72'4ZB_^QIFSJN_H^PGM;?^MS < PgmZbrsgnm.Kfptgnm <8 'Pgmcnws MS'4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6::
bmc4CnsZbrsgnm.Kfptgnm <8 jnrhft('%c.%c Zbr < %c',
TNsGmjn.cwHflnrZbrsgnm,NsGmjn.cwHgmnrZbrsgnm,INPN_C(NsGmjn.cwOugicMuhobr)X)4
// Qb`f n prnkbssfcnr @bt[ystbhGmjn([ysGmjn)4
kfsb [ysGmjn.cwQrnkbssnrSypb nj Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^;5: < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Gmtbi 51;5:'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^35: < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Gmtbi 5135:'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^GMSBI^QBMSGRH < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Gmtbi Qbmtguh'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_6111 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'HGQ[ _6111'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_?111 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'HGQ[ _?111'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_;111 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'HGQ[ _;111'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^HGQ[^_3111 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'HGQ[ _3111'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^FIQEF^?61:3 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'FIQEF ?61:3'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:16 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Qnwbr QK :16'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:1; < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Qnwbr QK :1;'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:13 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Qnwbr QK :13'X)4
Q_NKB[[N_^QQK^:?1 < KQR.Kfptgnm <8jnrhft('%c %s',T[ysGmjn.cwMuhobrNjQrnkbssnrs, 'Qnwbr QK :?1'X)4
bmc4
Hbh[tft.cwIbm`te <8 sgzbnj(SHBHN_W[SFSR[)4@inofiHbhnry[tftus(Hbh[tft)4
JrbbHbhnry.Kfptgnm <8 jnrhft('Snt< %c DO Cgsp< %c DO',TSrumk(Hbh[tft.cwSntfiQeys/61?3),Srumk(Hbh[tft.cwFvfgiQeys/61?3)X)4
CgsdMn <8 ;4JrbbCgsd.Kfptgnm <8 ''4Jrbb_bsnurkbs.Kfptgnm <8 ''4rbpbft
gj CgsdMn 9 0 tebm JrbbCgsd.Kfptgnm <8 JrbbCgsd.Kfptgnm + jnrhft('%s< %c HO ',
TKer(CgsdMn + Nrc('F')- 6),Srumk(CgsdJrbb(CgsdMn)/61?3/61?3)X)
bisb Jrbb_bsnurkbs.Kfptgnm <8 Jrbb_bsnurkbs.Kfptgnm + jnrhft('%s< %c HO ',TKer(CgsdMn + Nrc('F')- 6),Srumk(CgsdJrbb(CgsdMn)/61?3/61?3)X)4
gmk(CgsdMn)4umtgi CgsdJrbb(CgsdMn) 8 -64
Qrn`rfhGknm.Qgkturb.@rfpegk <8 Fppigkftgnm.Gknm4_bsuit <8 ([enwHncfi 8 GCND)4
bmc4jgmfiiy
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:0
J^[norb.Jrbb4bmc4
bmc4
bmc.
Qfrf bstf prghbgrf btfpf cn mnssn nolbtn mntb qub tucn `grf bh tnrmn cn prnkbcghbmtnBxbkutb (n mnhb sb cbvb fpbmfs f uhf qubstën cb pfcrnmgzfàën knh ns nutrns nolbtns cf pfiebtf Cgfin`s), ftrfvçs cbstb prnkbcghbmtn tncns fs nutrfs vfrgævbgs sën gmgkgfcfs, rbstf-mns f`nrf fkrgfàën cn jnrhuiærgn, krgb uh mnvn jnrhuiærgn, FSBMÀËN< Mën fprnvbgtb n jnrhuiærgnJ^[norb læ krgfcn pngs bstb ç uhf ebrfmàf cn jnrhuiærgn J^[pifse, krgb-n knmjnrhb n cbsbmenfofgxn<
Qfrf ns nolbtns cbmtrn cn pfgmbi< fitbrb f prnprgbcfcb Kfptgnm< Mnhb cn Qrncutn,Zbrsën, Cgrbgtns _bsbvfcns b Knhbmtærgn b f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb< QrncuktMfhb, Zbrsgnm,Knpyrg`et, Knhhbmts.
Qfrf ns nolbtns jnrf cn pfgmbi< fitbrb ns nolbtns Ifobis cf bsqubrcf f prnprgbcfcbKfptgnm (Bx< Rsuærgn, Knhpfmegf) b ns cf cgrbgtf f prnprgbcfcb Mfhb (Bx< RsbrMfhb,KnhpfmyMfhb)
F prnprgbcfcb Mfhb pfrf tncns ns knhpnmbmtbs, mf nrcbh qub bibs fpfrbkbh sën<
Nolbtn Sgpn Nolbtn Sgpn Nolbtn Sgpn Nolbtn Sgpn
Qrn`rfhGknm SGhf`b QrncuktMfhb SIfobi Zbrsgnm SIfobi Knpyrg`et SIfobi
Knhhbmts SIfobi Ifobi6 SIfobi RsbrMfhb SIfobi Ifobi? SIfobi
KnhpfmyMfhb SIfobi Ifobi; SIfobi PgmZbrsgnm SIfobi Ifobi3 SIfobi
CnsZbrsgnm SIfobi Ifobi2 SIfobi KQR SIfobi Ifobi: SIfobi
JrbbHbhnry SIfobi Ifobi0 SIfobi JrbbCgsd SIfobi Jrbb_bsnurkbs SIfobi
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
6:5
J^[norb SJnrh Qfmbi6 SQfmbi
[fivb f lfmbif knh n mnhb cb J[norb b n knhpnmbmtb knhn [norbCi` b knhpgib f ogoigntbkf b gmstfib n knhpnmbmtb< [norbCi`.QF[ , tbstb n knhpnmbmtb cf sb`ugmtb jnrhf<
6. _bhnvf cn prnlbtn n jnrhuiærgn J^[norb b rbtgrb suf kefhfcf cf kiæusuif Rsbs4?. Kninqub n knhpnmbmtb mn jnrhuiærgn J^Hbmu b fkbrtb fs sufs prnprgbcfcbs4
;. Gmsgrf f kefhfcf fn knhpnmbmtb mf npàën cb [norb n [gstbhf<
prnkbcurb SJ^Hbmu.GtbhFuxgign6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4ob`gm
[norbCi`.Bxbkutb4bmc4
3. Knhpgib b rncb n sgstbhf.
Obh-vgmcn fn humcn cns nolbtns.
Jgmfihbmtb
Ç jfkgihbmtb rbknmebkgcn qub bstb mnvn fhogbmtb cf Onrifmc pnssug uh pncbr uh tfmtngighgtfcn, tfmtn mf krgfàën cb sgstbhfs knhn mn cbsbmvnivghbmtn cb fpigkfàòbs cb huitghècgfrbstf-mns (f mûs cbsbmvnivbcnrbs) cbgxfrhns f ghf`gmfàën jiugr b gmgkgfr tucn fqugin qub sbhprbcbsblfhns, bspbrn qub ieb tbmef flucfcn fn hbmns f trgiefr n kfhgmen cfs pbcrfs.
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6:7
Fpìmcgkb F
Cnkuhbmtfàën
F cnkuhbmtfàën gmkiuècf knh n Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr <
Cbipeg Rsbr‗s @ugcb
Cbipeg Knhpnmbmt Prgtbr‗s @ugcb Cbipeg Cftfofsb Fpigkftgnm Cbvbinpbr‗s @ugcb
[VI Igmds Rsbr‗s @ugcb
GmtbrOfsb Rsbr‗s @ugcb
GmtbrOfsb Ifm`uf`b _bjbrbmkb
GmtbrOfsb Cftf Cbjgmgtgnm
_bpnrt[hgte Krbftgm` _bpnrts
Sncf f cnkuhbmtfàën ç bmknmtrfcf bh jnrhf cb igvrns b hncn nm-igmb (pfrf n sb`umcn
kfsn jfz-sb mbkbssærgf f gmstfifàën cn FK_NOFS© _bfcbr ?.1 qub fknhpfmef n prncutn).
Efrcwfrb/[njtwfrb rbqubrgcns
N Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr rbqubr<
Pgmcnws ;.6© nu supbrgnr
1 hb`foytbs cb bspfàn igvrb pfrf f gmstfifàën hèmghf
1 hb`foytbs cb bspfàn igvrb pfrf f gmstfifàën knhpibtf
uh prnkbssfcnr 51;5: nu hfgnr (35: rbknhbmcfcn)
hb`foytbs cb _FH
Qfrf gmstfifr, rncb n prn`rfhf GM[SFII.BUB cgrbtn cn KC _NH nu cn cgsqubtb b prnssg`f knh fs gmstruàòbs. [brën gmkiuècfs gmjnrhfàòbs fcgkgnmfgs mn frqugvn _BFCHB.SUSmnrhfihbmtb gmstfifcn mn cgrbtûrgn YCBIQEG.
Fi`ums bxbhpins cb fpigkfàòbs bstën knmtgcfs mn cgrbtûrgn YCBIQEGYCBHN[.
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601
Fpìmcgkb O
Knmvbrsën cb Kfhpns
Ç pnssèvbi, knh n CBIQEG , krgfrhns uh hbshn sgstbhf qub rncb bh cgjbrbmtbs tgpns cb ofsbs, ftrfvçs cb uh ümgkn FIGF[. Qfrf gstn prbkgsfhns qub f cbjgmgàën, tfhfmen b mnhb cnskfhpns b tfobifs sblfh mbkbssfrgfhbmtb ns hbshns. Fofgxn bstæ f knmvbrsën pfrf quftrn ofsbsiû`gkfs cb cfcns<
[gmtfxb [VI - pfrf GmtbrOfsb, N_FKIB©, Gmjnrhgx
© bmtrb nutrfs.
OCB Iû`gkn - F kefhfcf cn kfhpn gmtbrmf fn CBIQEG .Qfrfcnx - Ofsbs cn tgpn Qfrfcnx. cOF[B - Ofsbs cn Sgpn .COJ.
[gmtfxb [VI OCB Iû`gkn Qfrfcnx cOF[B
[HFIIGMS jicGMS6: [enrt Muhobr (:,61)
GMSB@B_ jicGMS;? Inm` Gmtb`br Muhobr (?1,3)
CBKGHFI(x,y) jicOKC OKC M/F
MRHB_GK(x,y) jicJINFS Muhobr Muhobr (x,y)
JINFS(x,y) jicJINFS Muhobr Jinft (x,y)
KEF_FKSB_(m) jic\[S_GM@ Fipef Kefrfktbr
ZF_KEF_(m) jic\[S_GM@ Fipef KefrfktbrCFSB jicCFSB Cftb Cftb
ONNIBFM jicONNI In`gkfi In`gkfi
OINO(m,6) jicstHBHN Hbhn Hbhn
OINO(m,?) jicstOGMF_W Ogmfry Ogmfry
OINO(m,;) jicstJHSHBHN Jnrhfttbc hbhn Mën Fprbsbmtf
OINO(m,3) jicstNIBNOL NIB NIB
OINO(m,2) jicst@_FQEGK @rfpegk Mën Fprbsbmtf
SGHB jicSGHB Sghb Mën Fprbsbmtf
SGHB[SFHQ jicSGHB[SFHQ Sghbstfhp Mën Fprbsbmtf
HNMBW jicJINFS, jicstHNMBW Hnmby Jinft (?1,3)FRSNGMK jicGMS;?, jicstFRSNGMK Futngmkrbhbmt Mën Fprbsbmtf
OWSB[(m) jicOWSB[(m) Oytbs Mën Fprbsbmtf
x 8 prbkgsën (cbjfuit< bspbkèjgkn pfrf n crgvbr)y 8 bskfif (cbjfuit< 1)
m 8 tfhfmen bh oytbs (cbjfuit< 1)6-2 8 OINO suotgpn (cbjfuit< 6)
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
606
Sgpns cb Cfcns pfrf n GmtbrOfsb
N GmtbrOfsb supnrtf fi`ums tgpns cb cfcns [VI, hfs mën supnrtf cgrbtfhbmtb cfcns cntgpn SGHB nu SGHB[SFHQ. F igstf fofgxn knmtçh ns tgpns cb cfcns cgspnmèvbgs pfrf fscbkifrfàòbs [VI mn GmtbrOfsb<
Mnhb Sfhfmen Qrbkgsën Cbskrgàën
OINO Zfrgævbi Mën fprbsbmtf Nolbtn cn tgpn ogmærgn ifr`n, pnssèvbi ufrcfrcfcns `rfmcbs, tfgs knhn `ræjgkns, tbxtns b vnzcg`gtfigzfcf.
KEF_(m) m Kfrfktbrbs 6 ftç ;?0:0 Sfhfmen jgxn cb kfrfktbrbs nu tgpn cb strgm`. Nmnhb tfhoçh pncb fprbsbmtfr < KEF_FKSB_ .
CFSB :3 ogts 6 lfm 611 ftç 66 lfm 2736
Sfhoçh gmkiug tncfs fs gmjnrhfàòbs snorb f enrf.
CBKGHFI(prbkgsën, bskfif)
vfrgævbi Qrbkgsën< 6 ftç62 b bskfif cb 6ftç 62
Bspbkgjgkf-sb pnr prbkgsën n mühbrn cb cè`gtns fsbrbh `rfvfcns b pnr bskfif n mühbrn cb kfsfscbkghfgs, bxbhpin CBKGHFI(61,;) ç g`ufi fnjnrhftn< ppppppp.bbb.
CNROIBQ_BKG[GNM
:3 ogts 6,0 x 61-;15 ftç6,0 x 61;15
Rtgigzfcn pfrf vfinrbs kgbmtèjgkns, knh 62 cè`gtnscb prbkgsën.
JINFS ;? ogts ;,3 x 61-;5 ftç
;,3 x 61;5
Qrbkgsën sghpibs, knh 0 cè`gtns cb prbkgsën.
GMSB@B_ ;? ogts -?.630.35;.:35ftç?.630.35;.:35
Kfhpn cn tgpn inm`n.
MRHB_GK(prbkgsën, bskfif)
vfrgævbi Qrbkgsën< 6 ftç62 b bskfif cb 6ftç 62
Bspbkgjgkf-sb pnr prbkgsën n mühbrn cb cè`gtns fsbrbh `rfvfcns b pnr bskfif n mühbrn cb kfsfscbkghfgs, bxbhpin MRHB_GK(61,;) ç g`ufi fnjnrhftn< ppppppp.bbb.
[HFIIGMS 6: ogts -;?.0:5 ftç;?.0:0
Kfhpn hçcgn.
ZF_KEF_(m) m Kfrfktbrbs 6 ftç ;?0:0 Sfhfmen vfrgævbi cb kfrfktbrbs nu tgpn cb strgm`. Nmnhb tfhoçh pncb fprbsbmtfr < ZF_WGM@KEF_ nu ZF_WGM@ KEF_FKSB_ .
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60?
Fpìmcgkb K
Fpigkfàën ræpgcf knh n Nolbtn Vubry
Qfrf mën jgkfr qufgsqubr cüvgcfs snorb n nolbtn tVubry , vfhns utgigzæ-in pfrf fcbhnmstrfàën cb uhf pbqubmf fpigkfàën, mbstb bxbhpin, utgigzfrbhns f ofsb cb cfcns bmknmtrfcfmn cgrbtûrgn K<YCBIQEGYCBHN[YCFSF utgigzfrbhns fs tfobifs< Kustnhbr , Nrcbrs, Qfrts b Gtbhs. F gcçgf ç hnstrfr uh jnrhuiærgn knh n mnhb cn kigbmtb ig`fcn f uh @rgc knh tncfs fsbmknhbmcfs pbrtbmkbmtbs f bstb kigbmtb. Knmjnrhb f jg`urf fofgxn<
Qfrf knhbàfr, kninqub bh uh mnvn jnrhuiærgn uh nolbtn tSfoib b uh nolbtntVubry. N nolbtn tSfoib bjbtufræ f ig`fàën knh f tfobif cb Kigbmtbs (Sfobif Kustnhbr ),
bmqufmtn qub n tVubry græ bxtrfgr ns cbtfiebs cf bmknhbmcf (Sfobifs Nrcbrs, Qfrts b Gtbhs)fprnprgfcns f kfcf kigbmtb. Ns cfcns bstën bh uhf tfobif Qfrfcnx, pbin qub mf prnprgbcfcbCftfOfsbMfhb ç kninkfcn n mnhb cn cgrbtûrgn qub knmtçh ns cfcns (nu cbjgmf n mnhb cnFigfs< COCbhns). F ig`fàën ç knhpibtfcf ftrfvçs cf cbjgmgàën cfs prnprgbcfcbs SfoibMfhb bGmcbxMfhb, b sb fitbrmfrhns f prnprgbcfcb Fktgvb pfrf trub vbhns ns cfcns rbfgs, hbshncurfmtb f jfsb cb knmstruàën cn jnrhuiærgn.
[b ns rb`gstrns knmtbmcn ns cbtfiebs cns pbcgcns bstgvbssbh tncns bh uhf ümgkf tfobif, f lumàën pncbrgf sbr jfkgihbmtb rbfigzfcf pbif cbjgmgàën cfs prnprgbcfcbs Hfstbr[nurkb b
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
60;
HfstbrJgbic cb uh sb`umcn nolbtn tfobif, hfs, uhf vbz qub mbkbssgtfhns cb cfcns cb hfgs cbuhf tfobif (Nrcbrs b Qrncukts), bstf tçkmgkf sghpibs mën jumkgnmf. N knmtrnib cb knmsuitfrbkupbrf uh knmlumtn cgjbrbmtb cb rb`gstrns pfrf kfcf kigbmtb, bxtrfgmcn cfcns cfs cufs tfobifsig`fcfs. N Cbipeg njbrbkb cufs tçkmgkfs pfrf jfzbr gstn< Rhf cbifs bmvnivb n usn cb vfrgævbgsKfikuifcfs pfrf uhf cfs trìs tfobifs bh qubstën4 uhf nutrf (hfgs sghpibs) bmvnivb á ftrgougàëncb uh vfinr á prnprgbcfcb [VI cn nolbtn tVubry, nu sblf, uhf gmstruàën [VI fprnprgfcf. Mbstbbxbhpin, vfhns jfzbr kninkfmcn fi`uh kûcg`n mn bvbmtn NmCftfKefm`b cn nolbtnCftf[nurkb. Ibhorb-sb qub bstb bvbmtn ç kefhfcn sbhprb qub n rb`gstrn knrrbmtb ç fitbrfcn.
Gmsgrf f sb`ugmtb gmstruàën mf prnprgbcfcb [VI cn nolbtn tVubry<
[BIBKS Nrcbrs.NrcbrMn, Gtbhs.Vty, Qfrts.Cbskrgptgnm, Qfrts.IgstQrgkbJ_NH Nrcbrs, Gtbhs, QfrtsPEB_B Nrcbrs.NrcbrMn 8 Gtbhs.NrcbrMn FMC
Gtbhs.QfrtMn 8 Qfrts.QfrtMn FMCNrcbrs.KustMn 8 <KustMn4
_bpfrb mn kûcg`n [VI mf vfrgævbi <KustMn, væ pfrf f prnprgbcfcb Qfrfhs cn nolbtntVubry b kninqub pfrf f vfrgævbi KustMn krgfcf n Cftf typb knhn Jinft , bstæ vfrgævbi sbræ pfssfcf pfrf n [VI ftrfvçs cn bvbmtn NmCftfKefm`b cn nolbtn Cftf[nurkb, gmsgrf n sb`ugmtbkûcg`n<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.Cftf[nurkb?CftfKefm`b([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 Jgbic< SJgbic)4ob`gm
Vubry6.Kinsb4Vubry6.QfrfhsT1X.FsJinft <8 Sfoib6KustMn.Zfiub4Vubry6.Npbm4
bmc4
_bibhorfmcn mn Cbipeg ns cfcns jiubh cf ofsb cb cfcns pfrf n jnrhuiærgn mfsb`ugmtb sbqùìmkgf<
Ofsb cb Cfcns nolbtn Cftf[bt (tSfoib nu tVubry) nolbtn Cftf[nurkb nolbtn Kfhpn
N nolbtn Cftf[nurkb ç mbkbssærgn, pngs ns nolbtns cb kfhpn mën pncbh ig`fr-sbcgrbtfhbmtb fns nolbtns cn Cftf[bt, hfs fpbmfs ftrfvçs cb uh nolbtn Cftf[nurkb.
Qnr knmsb`ugmtb, pfrf kfcf nolbtn Cftf[bt tfhoçh ç kninkfcn mn jnrhuiærgn uh nolbtnCftf[nurkb. Jgmfihbmtb, sën fcgkgnmfcns nolbtns cb kfgxf cb bcgàën cb tbxtn, uh nolbtn @rgc pfrf fs igmefs cf bmknhbmcf b uh nolbtn coMfvg`ftnr ig`fcn f tfobif cb Kustnhbr , rncb n
prnlbtn. nolbtn @rgc bstæ ig`fcn fn nolbtn tVubry (ftrfvçs cn nolbtn Cftf[nurkb), bmtën bstb
sb ftufigzf futnhftgkfhbmtb knh ns mnvns rbsuitfcns cfs knmsuitfs.
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603
Fpìmcgkb C
Ghprghgmcn uh Jnrhuiærgn
Qfrf ghprghgr uh jnrhuiærgn mën tbh mbmeuh sb`rbcn, bxgstb n knhfmcn Q_GMS rbifkgnmfcn f jnrhuiærgns, n prnoibhf sb gmgkgf qufmcn n jnrhuiærgn uitrfpfssf fs cghbmsòbs cftbif cn sbu hnmgtnr, nu sblf, f ifr`urf b fiturf cbib ç hfgnr qub f tbif. Cg`fhns uh jnrhuiærgnqufiqubr qub tbmef f prnprgbcfcb Enrz[krniiOfr._fm`b 8 0:5 b Zbrt[krniiOfr._fm`b 8 6115 (gstnknrrbspnmcb f uhf jnief cb pfpbi tfhfmen F3).
N prn`rfhf fofgxn rbsnivb bxftfhbmtb bstb prnoibhf, ghprghgmcn snhbmtb nolbtns<
Sifobi, SBcgt, SHbhn, SCOSbxt, SCOBcgt b SCOHbhn, utgigzf f ogoigntbkf Qrgmtbrs pfrfjfzbr n sbrvgàn, kninqub uh ontën qufiqubr mn jnrhuiærgn qub cbsblb ghprghgr b pfrf n bvbmtnnmKigkd, cg`gtb ns sb`ugmtbs knhfmcns<
prnkbcurb Sjnrh6.[pbbcOuttnm6Kigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
K < frrfyT1..?22X nj kefr4KIbm, [kfibU, [kfibW, Gmc < Gmtb`br4Jnrhft < Pnrc4CK < ECK4HKnhp < Shbhn4_ < S_bkt4
ob`gm
Qrgmtbr.Ob`gmCnk4CK <8 Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs.Efmcib4[kfibU <8 @btCbvgkbKfps(CK, IN@QGUBI[U) cgv QgxbisQbrGmke4[kfibW <8 @btCbvgkbKfps(CK, IN@QGUBI[W) cgv QgxbisQbrGmke4jnr Gmc <8 1 tn KnhpnmbmtKnumt -6 cn
gj (KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX gs SKustnhIfobi) nr (KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX gs SKustnhBcgt) tebm ob`gm
HKnhp <8 SHbhn(KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX)4gj (HKnhp.vgsgoib) tebm ob`gm
Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs.Jnmt <8 HKnhp.Jnmt4CK <8 Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs.Efmcib4_ <8 HKnhp.Onumcs_bkt4
_.Snp <8 (_.Snp + Zbrt[krniiOfr.Qnsgtgnm) * [kfibW4_.Ibjt <8 (_.Ibjt + Enrz[krniiOfr.Qnsgtgnm) * [kfibU4_.Onttnh <8 (_.Onttnh + Zbrt[krniiOfr.Qnsgtgnm) * [kfibW4_._g`et <8 (_._g`et + Enrz[krniiOfr.Qnsgtgnm) * [kfibW4gj (mnt (KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX gs SKustnhIfobi)) fmc (HKnhp.Onrcbr[tyib 8 os[gm`ib) tebm
Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs._bktfm`ib(_.Ibjt, _.Snp, _._g`et, _.Onttnh)4Jnrhft <8 CS^IBJS4gj (KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX gs SBcgt) nr (KnhpnmbmtsTGmcX gs SKustnhHfsdBcgt) tebm
Jnrhft <8 Jnrhft nr CS^[GM@IBIGMB nr CS^ZKBMSB_bisb
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
602
ob`gm gj HKnhp.PnrcPrfp tebm
Jnrhft <8 CS^PN_CO_BFD4gj HKnhp.Fig`mhbmt 8 tfKbmtbr tebm
Jnrhft <8 Jnrhft nr CS^KBMSB_4
gj HKnhp.Fig`mhbmt 8 tf_g`etLustgjy tebm Jnrhft <8 Jnrhft nr CS^_G@ES4
_.Onttnh <8 _.Onttnh + Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs.Jnmt.Ebg`et + 64bmc4KIbm <8 HKnhp.@btSbxtOuj(K,?22)4_.Ibjt <8 _.Ibjt + [kfibU + [kfibU4CrfwSbxt(CK, K, KIbm, _, Jnrhft)4
bmc4bmc4
Qrgmtbr.BmcCnk4Kinsb4
bmc4
[b vnkì knmebkb uh pnukn cb Qfskfi 0.1 mën fkrbcgtn qub vnkì tbvb cgjgkuicfcbs bhgmtbrprbtfr n prn`rfhf, sb vnkì mën knmebkb fqug vën fi`uhfs cgkfs<
Gmgkgfihbmtb jng cbkifrfcn uhf sçrgb cb vfrgævbgs qub sbrën utgigzfcfs pnstbrgnrhbmtb. Bbmtën gmgkgfcn n nolbtn cb ghprbssën Qrgmtbr ftrfvçs cn knhfmcn<
Qrgmtbr.Ob`gmCnk4
N nolbtn ghprghb ftrfvçs cb uhf suokifssb knmebkgcf pnr Kfmvfs. Bstf kifssb b qubtnrmf pnssèvbi f krgfàën cb tncf f gmtbrjfkb `ræjgkf cn Cbipeg (Bstb nolbtn pfrtb cb uhbmkfpsuifhbmtn cf Pgmcnws ECK). Rhf jnrhf sghpibs cb sb ghprghgr sbrgf utgigzfr ns sb`ugmtbsknhfmcns<
Qrgmtbr.Ob`gmCnk4
Qrgmtbr.Kfmvfs.SbxtNut(1, 1, ―Bstæ ghprghgmcn...‗)4 Qrgmtbr.BmcCnk4
Hfs, pfrf sb notbr uhf kûpgf jgbi cn jnrhuiærgn ç prbkgsn jfzbr hfgs cn qub gstn,gmgkgfihbmtb b kefhfcf f prnprgbcfcb efmcib (bstf jfz uhf kefhfcf f Pgmcnws @CG kefhfmcnjumàòbs cf FQG pfrf rbqubrbr n hncn cb cbsbmen cns nolbtns bmvnivgcns), prûxghn pfssn çvbrgjgkfr n tgpn cb bskfif (bh pgxbis) cf ifr`urf b fiturf cf lfmbif f sbr ghprbssf.
F`nrf rbstf vbrgjgkfr nolbtn f nolbtn (cn tgpn Ifobi nu cn tgpn Bcgt ) b bmvgfr sufskfrfktbrèstgkfs pfrf ns cfcns cf kifssb Kfmvfs b ghprghè-ins. Ibhorb-sb n pfcrën cb ghprbssën
cn Pgmcnws© ç bhgtgr f igstf`bh snhbmtb qufmcn f hbshf bstgvbr knhpibtf b gstn sû fknmtbkbræmn knhfmcn <
Qrgmtbr.BmcCnk4
Rhf nutrf sfècf pfrf f ghprbssën cb sbus rbiftûrgns pncb sbr knmsb`ugcf ftrfvçs cfutgigzfàën cb gmühbrfs ogoigntbkfs prnmtfs qub jfzbh n fkbssn fn nolbtn SQrgmtbr . Bmtrb bifs
bxgstbh f _bpnrtQrgmt© (cf Mbvrnmf Cbsg`ms) qub pncb sbr fcqugrgcn uhf vbrsën cbcbhnmstrfàën ftrfvçs cf gmtbrmbt ftrfvçs cn sb`ugmtb bmcbrbàn<jtp.prghbmbt.knh/usbrs/l/l`umdbi /cbipeg/rprgmtbr.zgp
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60:
Fpìmcgkb B
Srfofiefmcn knh Hæskfrfs
Forgrbhns fqug bstb fpìmcgkb pfrf bskifrbkbrhns f rbspbgtn cb kfhpns hfskfrfcns mn Cbipeg, fi`ums kfhpns pncbh pnssugr uhf hfskfrf pfrf bcgàën ftrfvçs cf prnprgbcfcb HfsdBcgt ,bmknmtrfcf pfrf ns nolbtns SCftbJgbic, SCftbSghbJgbic, S[trgm`Jgbic, SSghbJgbic b n nolbtn.
Qfrf hnmtfr uhf hæskfrf, utgigzf-sb f prnprgbcfcb BcgtHfsd nosbrvfmcn n ighgtb cbcfcns qub n kfhpn pncbræ frhfzbmfr. Ç utgigzfcf ofsgkfhbmtb pfrf f vfigcfàën nu f jnrhftfàëncf bmtrfcf cb uh cbtbrhgmfcn kfhpn.
F hæskfrf pfrf ns kfhpns pncb rbstrgm`gr n usn cb cbtbrhgmfcns kfrfktbrbs nu jnrhftnsvæigcns, hnstrfmcn futnhftgkfhbmtb uhf lfmbif cb mën fkbgtfàën cf hæskfrf. F vfigcfàën nknrrbkfrfktbr f kfrfktbr. Rsb n bvbmtn NmZfigcftb pfrf vfigcfr uhf bmtrfcf knhpibtf.
F hæskfrf ofsgkfhbmtb knmsgstb cb trìs kfhpns, sbpfrfcns pnr pnmtn b vèr`uif. F prghbgrf pfrtb b f hæskfrf prnprgfhbmtb cgtf. F sb`umcf pfrtb cbtbrhgmf sb ns kfrfktbrbs jgxnscbvbh sbr nu mën sfivns knh f hæskfrf (bx< /, -, (, ...). F tbrkbgrf pfrtb cf hæskfrf rbprbsbmtf nkfrfktbr bh orfmkn, pncbmcn sbr suostgtuècn pnr nutrn (bx< ^, A, ...).
Bstbs sën ns kfrfktbrbs bspbkgfgs utgigzfcns knh f hæskfrf<
Kfrfktbr Rtgigzfàën mf hæskfrf
! Kfusf f cg`gtfàën cf hæskfrf jgqub pfrfcf mn prghbgrn kfrfktbr, jfzbmcn knh qub ns kfrfktbrbs cg`gtfcnsqub sb hnvfh. Bx< !414^
= Sncns ns kfrfktbrbs cg`gtfcns sbrën knmvbrtgcns pfrf hfgüskuifs. Bx< =fff414^
9 Sncns ns kfrfktbrbs cg`gtfcns sbrën knmvbrtgcns pfrf hgmüskuifs. Bx< 9fff414^
9= Fmuif n usn cns kfrfktbs = b 9. Bx< =fff9=fff414^
Y Rtgigzfcn pfrf hfrkfr cbtbrhgmfcn kfrfktbr mën bspbkgfi knhn jgxn. Bx< !Y(777Y)111-1111414^
I _bqubr snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs fijfoçtgkns norg`ftûrgns pfrf f pnsgàën, cn tgpn F-\, f-z. Bx< III464^
i Qbrhgtb snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs fijfoçtgkns pfrf f pnsgàën, hfs mën-norg`ftûrgns, cn tgpn F-\, f-z. Bx< iii464^
F _bqubr snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs fijfmuhçrgkns norg`ftûrgns pfrf f pnsgàën, cn tgpn F-\, f-z, 1-7. Bx< FFF464^
f Qbrhgtb snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs fijfmuhçrgkns pfrf f pnsgàën, hfs mën-norg`ftûrgns, cn tgpn F-\, f-z, 1-7. Bx<fff464^
K _bqubr uh kfrfktbr norg`ftûrgn pfrf f pnsgàën. Bx< KKK464^
k Qbrhgtb n usn cb qufiqubr kfrfktbr pfrf f pnsgàën, ighgtfmcn fpbmfs n mühbrn cb kfrfktbrbs utgigzfcns. Bx<kkk464^
1 _bqubr snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs muhçrgkns norg`ftûrgns pfrf f pnsgàën, cn tgpn 1-7. Bx< 111464^
7 Qbrhgtb snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs muhçrgkns pfrf f pnsgàën, mën-norg`ftûrgns, cn tgpn 1-7. Bx< 777464^
# Qbrhgtb snhbmtb kfrfktbrbs muhçrgkns pfrf f pnsgàën b n usn cns sgmfgs cb - nu +, mën-norg`ftûrgns. Bx<###464^
< Rtgigzfcn knhn sbpfrfcnr cb enrfs, hgmutns b sb`umcns.
/ Rtgigzfcn knhn sbpfrfcnr cb cgf, hìs b fmn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
600
Bxbhpins cb Hæskfrfs<
Sgpn Hæskfrf Bmtrfcf Jnrhftfàën [fècfSbibjnmb !Y(777Y)111-1111464^ 1:6;50;;21 (1:6);50;;21 (1:6);50-;;21KBQ 11111Y-7777414^ 0;1621?1 0;162-1?1 0;1621?1Enrf !71<11<11 =II414^ 61113;QH 61<11<3; QH ??<11<3;
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
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605
Fpìmcgkb J
Srfofiefmcn knh Ghpnrtfàën b Bxpnrtfàën
F ghpnrtfàën b bxpnrtfàën cb frqugvns mn Cbipeg pncb sbr rbfigzfcf sbh prnoibhfsqufmcn sb trftfr cb tfobifs bh jnrhftns pfcrën pfrf n Cbipeg (Qfrfcnx, cOfsb, Nrfkib, [yofsb,NCOK, btk) n qufsb prnoibhf brf sb trftfmcn cb bxpnrtfàën pfrf frqugvns mn jnrhftn .SUS,qufsb pnrqub bib sbræ rbsnivgcn f pfrtgr cbstb fpigkftgvn.
6. Krgb uh mnvn prnlbtn. @rfvb f umgcfcb pfcrën knhn jBxpGhp b n prnlbtn knhnBxpGhp.
?. Kninqub ns sb`ugmtbs nolbtns b jfàf fs sb`ugmtbs fitbrfàòbs< Qfrf n Nolbtn Sfoib (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cftf Fkkbss)
Qrnprgbcfcbs Knmjg`urfàën
CftfOfsbMfhb CoCbhns
SfoibMfhb BHQINWBB
Qfrf n Nolbtn NpbmCgfin`6 (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cgfin`s)
Qrnprgbcfcbs Knmjg`urfàën
CbjfuitBxt SUS
Jgitbr Frqugvn Sbxtn|*.SUS
Qfrf n Nolbtn [fvbCgfin`6 (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf Cgfin`s)Qrnprgbcfcbs Knmjg`urfàën
CbjfuitBxt SUS
Jgitbr Frqugvn Sbxtn|*.SUS
Qfrf n Nolbtn Outtnm (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc)
Qrnprgbcfcbs Knmjg`urfàën
Kfptgnm &Bxpnrtf
Mfhb OutBxpnrtf
Qfrf n Nolbtn Outtnm (Inkfigzfcn mf pæ`gmf [tfmcfrc)
Qrnprgbcfcbs Knmjg`urfàënKfptgnm &Ghpnrtf
Mfhb OutGhpnrtf
N hfgnr trfofien cf kncgjgkfàën jgkfrgf pnr knmtf cb krgfr lfmbifs cb [fivfr b Forgr hfstncn bssb trfofien ç rbfigzfcn pbins nolbtns NpbmCgfin` b [fvbCgfin`. N rbstn cn kûcg`n ç obhsghpibs vblfhns<
Qfrf n bvbmtn NmKigkd cn nolbtn OutBxpnrtf
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
607
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.OutBxpnrtfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
Frq< SbxtJgib4ob`gm
gj [fvbCgfin`6.Bxbkutb tebm
ob`gm [krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4wgte Sfoib6 cn ob`gm
Npbm4Jgrst4gj mnt BNJ tebm ob`gm
Fssg`mJgib(Frq, [fvbCgfin`6.JgibMfhb)4_bPrgtb(Frq)4rbpbft
PrgtbIm(Frq,JgbicOyMfhb('BhpMn').Fs[trgm` + '|' +JgbicOyMfhb('IfstMfhb').Fs[trgm` + '|' +
JgbicOyMfhb('JgrstMfhb').Fs[trgm` + '|' +JgbicOyMfhb('QenmbBxt').Fs[trgm` + '|' +JgbicOyMfhb('EgrbCftb').Fs[trgm` + '|' +JgbicOyMfhb('[fifry').Fs[trgm` + '*')4
mbxt4umtgi BNJ4KinsbJgib(Frq)4
bmc4kinsb4
bmc4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4
bmc4bmc4
Gmgkgfihbmtb vfhns bxpnrtfr n frqugvn (mn kfsn Bhpinybb), n jumàën cn knhfmcnFssg`mJgib b gmgkgfr uh nolbtn cb frqugvn tbxtn (cbtbrhgmfcf pbin tgpn cb vfrgævbi SbxtJgib) b nknhfmcn _bPrgtb prbpfrf n nolbtn gmgkgfcn pfrf f `rfvfàën. Ibhorb-sb qub uh frqugvn tbxtn sû pncb rbkbobr in`gkfhbmtb tbxtn cbjgmgcn pbins knhfmcns Prgtb (gmsbrb uh tbxtn bh cbtbrhgmfcnfrqugvn b n kursnr cb `rfvfàën pbrhfmbkb mf pnsgàën) b PrgtbIm (gmsbrb uh tbxtn bhcbtbrhgmfcn frqugvn b n kursnr cb `rfvfàën gmgkgf uhf mnvf igmef) bmtën n ümgkn trfofien sbræ cb pbrknrrbr n mnssn frqugvn knh n knhfmcn _bpbft.
Qfrf n bvbmtn NmKigkd cn nolbtn OutGhpnrtf
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.OutGhpnrtfKigkd([bmcbr< SNolbkt)4vfr
Frq< SbxtJgib4Sbxtn< [trgm`4G< Gmtb`br4
jumktgnm HnmtfZfrgfvbi< [trgm`4vfr
hnmtf< [trgm`4ob`gm
hnmtf <8 ''4gmk(G)4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
651
wegib SbxtnTGX 9= '*' cn
ob`gm gj SbxtnTGX 8 '|' tebm orbfd4hnmtf <8 hnmtf + SbxtnTGX4gmk(G)4
bmc4rbsuit <8 hnmtf4
bmc4
ob`gm gj NpbmCgfin`6.Bxbkutb tebm ob`gm
[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4
Sfoib6.Npbm4Fssg`mJgib(Frq, NpbmCgfin`6.JgibMfhb)4_bsbt(Frq)4gj mnt BNJ(Frq) tebm rbpbft
_bfcIm(Frq,Sbxtn)4wgte Sfoib6 cn ob`gm
Gmsbrt4g <8 14JgbicOyMfhb('BhpMn').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4JgbicOyMfhb('IfstMfhb').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4JgbicOyMfhb('JgrstMfhb').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4JgbicOyMfhb('QenmbBxt').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4
JgbicOyMfhb('EgrbCftb').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4JgbicOyMfhb('[fifry').Fs[trgm` <8 HnmtfZfrgfvbi4Qnst4
bmc4umtgi BNJ(Frq)4KinsbJgib(Frq)4Sfoib6.Kinsb4[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4
bmc4bmc4
Zfhns f`nrf ghpnrtfr n frqugvn (mn kfsn Bhpinybb), n jumàën cn knhfmcn Fssg`mJgib bgmgkfr uh nolbtn cb frqugvn tbxtn (cbtbrhgmfcf pbin tgpn cb vfrgævbi SbxtJgib) b n knhfmcn
_bsbt prbpfrf n nolbtn gmgkgfcn pfrf f `rfvfàën. Ns knhfmcns cb ibgturf sën _bfc (Iì uhkfrfktbrb cb cbtbrhgmfcn frqugvn) b _bfcIm (Iì uhf igmef cb cbtbrhgmfcn frqugvn) bmtën ntrfofien f`nrf sbræ cb sbpfrfr bh pbcfàns f igmef igcf gstn ç rbfigzfcn mf jumàën HnmtfZfrgfvbi qub ibræ pbcfàns cbhfrkfcns cn frqugvn bxpnrtfcn.
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
656
Fpìmcgkb @
Cnzb hbienrbs cgkfs pfrf n Cbipeg
Mbstb üitghn fpìmcgkb cn trfofien rbsbrvbg uhf kngsf bspbkgfi, pbsqugsbg bh tncns nscnkuhbmtns tgpn Sgps & Srgkds (Cgkfs b Sruqubs) b bmknmtrbg uh cnkuhbmtn qub jfifvf snorb fsnmzb hbienrbs cgkfs pfrf n Cbipeg.
Futnr< Qfui Efrcgm` 61113:.?:13AKnhpusbrvb.Knh (fi`uhfs jnrfh fitbrfcfs)
6. Knhn jfzbr pfrf n knhputfcnr snfr n obbp<hbssf`bObbp(1)4
?. Knhn pfusfr uh prn`rfhf pnr cbtbrhgmfcn mühbrn cb sb`umcns<vfr Muh[bk< [hfiiGmt4
[tfrtSghb< Inm`Gmt4 ob`gm
[tfrtSghb <8 Mnw4rbpbft
Fppigkftgnm.QrnkbssHbssf`bs4umtgi Mnw = [tfrtSghb + Muh[bk * (6/?3/:1/:1)4
bmc4
;. Knhn hnstrfr n hnusb knhn uhf fhpuiebtf (b cbpngs rbtnrmæ-in fn mnrhfi)<try[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krEnur@ifss4{ Bskrbvf n fàën f bxbkutfr fqug }
jgmfiiy[krbbm.Kursnr <8 krCbjfuit4
bmc4
Fppigkftgnm.QrnkbssHbssf`bs43. Knhn knmtrnifr n prbssgnmfhbmtn cf tbkif 9Bmtbr=<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.BcgtDbyQrbss([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Dby< Kefr)4{ ftrfvçs cn bvbmtn nmDbyQrbss cn jnrhuiærgn cb knmtrnib... }
ob`gm{ sb f ’vfr Dby‘ rbtnrmfr n kûcg`n #6; knrrbspnmcb f 9Bmtbr=, #7 knrrbspnmcb f tbkif SFO } gj Dby 8 #6; tebm
ob`gmDby <8 #1 { [uprghb n snh }{ bskrbvf fqug ns sbus knhfmcns }
bmc4bmc4
2. Knhn hncgjgkfr f knr cn tbxtn cbmtrn cb uh kfhpn CO@rgc cbpbmcbmcn cn knmtbücn<
prnkbcurb SJnrh6.CO@rgcCrfwCftfKbii([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 knmst _bkt< S_bkt4 Jgbic< Sjgbic4 [tftb<S@rgcCrfw[tftb)4 ob`gm
gj Sfoib6Kigbmt.Fs[trgm` 8 ―UUUU‗ tebm ob`gm
CO@rgc.Kfmvfs.Oruse.Kninr <8 ki_bc4CO@rgc.Kfmvfs.Jnmt.Kninr <8 ki[givbr4CO@rgc.Kfmvfs.Jgii_bkt(_bkt)4 { Cbsbmef n pfmn cb jumcn }CO@rgc6.Kfmvfs.SbxtNut(_bkt.Ibjt+?, _bkt.Snp+6, Jgbic.Fs[trgm`)4
bmc4bmc4
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Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
65?
:. Knhn kefhfr uh nutrn prn`rfhf (tgpn n mntbpfc cn Pgmcnws©) f pfrtgr cb uh fpigkftgvn(cb trìs hfmbgrfs cgjbrbmtbs< mnrhfi, hfxghgzfcn b hgmghgzfcn)<
PgmBxbk(―K<YwgmcnwsYmntbpfc.bxb‗, [P^[ENPMN_HFI)4PgmBxbk(―K<YwgmcnwsYmntbpfc.bxb‗, [P^[ENPHFUGHG\BC)4 PgmBxbk(―K<YwgmcnwsYmntbpfc.bxb‗, [P^[ENPHGMGHG\BC)4
0. Knhn vfrrbr uhf tfobif gmtbgrf<Sfoib6.Jgrst4gj mnt Sfoib6.Bnj tebm
rbpbft{ sbus knhfmcns pfrf f tfobif }Sfoib6.Mbxt
umtgi Sfoib6.Bnj4
5. Knhn gmtbrkbptfr fs tbkifs cb jumàën< prnkbcurb SJnrh6.JnrhDbyCnwm([bmcbr< SNolbkt4 vfr Dby< Pnrc4 [egjt< S[egjt[tftb)4 ob`gm
gj Dby 8 ZD^J2 tebm[enwHbssf`b(―Znkì prbssgnmnu f J2‗)4
bmc4{ pncb sbr usfcn cf ZD^J6 f ZD^J6? }
7. Knhn ns vfinrbs cb kfhpns cb uhf tfobif pfrf nutrf<{ Bstb bxbhpin knpgf fpbmfs tfobifs cb hbshf bstruturf }vfr Muh< [hfiiGmt4
ob`gmjnr Muh <8 1 tn SfobifNrg`bh.JgbicKnumt - 6 cn
ob`gmSfobifCbstgmn.Gmsbrt4SfobifCbstgmn.JgbicsTMuhX.Fssg`m(SfobifNrg`bh.JgbicsTMuhX)4SfobifCbstgmn.Qnst4
bmc4bmc4
61. Knhn vbrgjgkfr sb uh kfhpn gmtbgrn ç pfr nu èhpfr<jumktgnm SbstfQfrfQfr(SbstfGmtbgrn < Gmtb`br) < onnibfm4
ob`gmgj (SbstfGmtbgrn cgv ?) 8 (SbstfGmtbgrn/?) tebm
rbsuit <8 Srubbisb
rbsuit <8 Jfisb4bmc4
66. Knhn vbrgjgkfr sb uhf strgm` knmtçh uh gmtbgrn<jumktgnm GsGmtb`br(Sbstf[trgm`< [trgm`) < onnibfm4
ob`gmtry
[trSnGmt(Sbstf[trgm`)4bxkbpt
Nm BKnmvbrtBrrnr cn rbsuit <8 Jfisb4bisb
rbsuit <8 Srub4bmc4
bmc4
6?. Knhn suotrfgr cftfs<jumktgnm [uoCftf(CftfBhprbstghn< SCftfSghb) < Gmtb`br4
ob`gmrbsuit <8 Cftb - CftfBhprbstghn4
bmc4
7/21/2019 Borland Delphi - A Biblia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/borland-delphi-a-biblia 183/183
Onrifmc Cbipeg b Cbipeg Kigbmt/[brvbr Cbsvbmcfmcn n Kfhgmen cfs Qbcrfs
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