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Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazards. Donald Teig HQ AFCESA/CEOA. US Airways Flight 1549. AP photo. 15 January 2009 in the Hudson River. Objective. Introduce you to basic BASH information so you have an understanding of potential wildlife hazards at your base. Overview. Awareness - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Headquarters U.S. Air Force
Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazards
Donald Teig
HQ AFCESA/CEOA
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
15 January 2009 in the Hudson River AP photo
US Airways Flight 1549
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Objective
Introduce you to basic BASH information so you have an understanding of potential wildlife hazards at your base.
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Overview
Awareness Identifying the Problem Dealing With the Problem Engineer’s Role Safety’s Role
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
CountCost
72,827 Wildlife Strikes $740,786,928 Damage
20 Year Average (86-06) - $35.0M, 3338 Strikes
Statistics (1985 – 2006)
Co
st i
n m
illi
on
s
Co
un
t
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AIRFIELD• 35,453 strikes (48%)• $248,347,481 (32%)
LOW-LEVEL / RANGE• 10,364 strikes (14%)• $490,693,694 (62%)
OTHER• 28,273 strikes (38%)• $46,171,694 (6%)
Statistics (1985 – 2006)
Count
Cost
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Statistics (1985 – 2006)
0 5000 10000
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan 2442 3%
Feb 2448 3%
Mar 4087 6%
Apr 6632 9%
May 8159 11%
Jun 5465 8%
Jul 6987 10%
Aug 8834 12%
Sep 9673 13%
Oct 10294 14%
Nov 2515 7%
Dec 2480 3%
Strikes Per Month
Spring Migration
Fall Migration
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Strikes By Altitude
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Str
ikes
Altitude – Feet AGL
≤ 2000’ AGL, 92%
≤ 500’ AGL, 64%
≤ 1000’ AGL, 79%
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Strikes By Species (Count)
Horned Lark 2989 $5,760,469.00American Mourning Dove 2497 $9,520,849.00Perching Birds 2282 $2,832,685.00Barn Swallow/Swallow 1745 $11,272,852.00Eastern Meadowlark 1159 $2,236,361.00Killdeer 1114 $3,967,949.00American Robin 976 $1,999,171.00Chimney Swift 901 $843,034.00American Kestrel 884 $1,103,388.00Red-Tailed Hawk 781 $13,535,102.00
TOTAL 15328 $53,071,860.00
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
COMMON NAME # OF STRIKES COSTAmerican White Pelican 18 $257,628,460.00 Canada Goose 129 $92,328,526.00Black Vulture 403 $54,355,588.00Turkey Vulture 776 $51,708,040.00 Spot-billed Duck 13 $24,920,198.00Red-tailed Hawk 781 $13,353,120.00 Barn Swallow/Swallow 1745 $11,272,852.00 Dark-eyed Junco 100 $10,043,181.00 American Mourning Dove 2497 $9,520,849.00Snow Goose 73 $6,317,841.00
TOTAL 6535 $531,448,655.00
Strikes By Species (Cost)
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Size Doesn’t Always Matter
F-16 Target Pod
White-Throated Swift
BASH Examples
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
BASH Examples
Damage to fan blades and canopy
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Props Don’t Necessarily Stop Engine Ingestions
C-130
American Robin
$495K Damage
BASH Examples
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
BASH Examples
RadomeDamage
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Rotary Winged Aircraft Aren’t Immune
US Marine Corps Cobra
Golden Eagle
BASH Examples
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BASH Isn’t Just For The Birds
White-tailed Deer
BASH Examples
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Identifying the Problem
Strike Reporting
Wildlife Identifications
Observations / Surveys
Nighttime Hazards
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Wildlife Identifications
OVER HALF OF ALL BIRD STRIKES ARE IDENTIFIED
Feather Identification
Red-tailed Hawks
EXPERTS ARE AT THE SMITHSONIAN
ACCESS TO OVER 650,000 SPECIMENS
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONNational Museum of Natural HistoryNational Museum of Natural History
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Observations / Surveys
Plot Potential Trouble Areas (on & off base) directly on a Geographic Information System (GIS) Map
AOC FULL EXTENT
Areas of Concern
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Non-migration Insectivores Owls
Migration Passerines (Songbirds) Waterfowl Can be flying at fairly high altitudes
Mammals Bats, deer, and coyote
Wildlife Hazards To Night Flying
Nighttime Hazards
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Dealing with the Problem
Exclude / Mitigate
Harass
Depredate
Avoid
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Exclude / Mitigate
• GRASS HEIGHT (7-14 inches)• NO BARE AREAS• ELIMINATE BROAD-LEAF PLANTS• AVOID WEED SEED HEADS
EcosystemManagement
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
MOW DURING LOW FLYING
Cattle Egret(Bubulcus ibis)
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
ELIMINATE STANDING WATER
Maintain Good Airfield Drainage
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
• DO NOT FEED THE WATERFOWL• FENCE OR GRID SMALL PONDS
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Fencing Best Deterrent to Deer
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
REMOVE PERCHES
Don’t Give Them a Reason to be There
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
MANAGE OUTLEASING WISELY - No Grain Crops
Crops Around Your Airfield
Exclude / Mitigate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Harassment
Tools
Harass
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Be aware of other activities around the airfield when harassment activities are taking place
Harass
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Depredation Use only after other methods have
been employed Permits, Permits, Permits US Fish & Wildlife Service State Game Department
When all else fails…..
Depredate
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Bird Avoidance Model (BAM)
Avian Hazard Advisory System(AHAS)
Small Mobile Radar (SMR)
AvoidAvoid
Dealing
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
BAM
Bird Avoidance ModelBird Avoidance Model
Data
Geographic Information System-based
30+ Years of Top 60 Species
Web Based
Dealing
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Small Mobile RadarSmall Mobile Radar
Dealing
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
The Safety Office is responsible
Cross-functional participation
Safety (SE)
Civil Engineering (CE)
Judge Advocate General (JAG)
Public Affairs (PA)
Director of Operations (DO)
Logistics (LG)
BASH Problem
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Establish a BASH Plan
Establish Bird Hazard Working Group, (BHWG)
Establish procedures for wildlife control
Develop a Bird Hazard Warning System
Designate Phase I / II periods of bird activity
Installation Safety Office:
Safety Responsibilities
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
“Flight safety office will establish the BASH
plan, defining the nature and extent of wildlife
hazards and implementation of the plan”
Living document
Use Bird Hazard Working Group as forum for
revising plan
Responsibilities of each organization spelled
out clearly
BASH Plan
Safety Responsibilities
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Bird Hazard Working Group Consists of organizations involved in airfield bird
control, habitat management, operations, and safety
Meet at least semi-annually Maintain minutes Vice wing commander chairs meetings Forum to discuss budgeting and all airfield
projects and how they impact BASH
Safety Responsibilities
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Safety Responsibilities
Internal Manpower Which agency is responsible for
harassment and/or depredation Equipment
Contract Manpower US Department of Agriculture/Wildlife
Services
– depredation, harassment, surveys …..
Wildlife Control
Airports are notWildlife Refuges
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Flying one hour before and after dawn or dusk should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. The highest levels of bird activity normally occur during these hours as birds leave and return to their roost. Avoiding flight operations during these periods can significantly reduce the chance of a birdstrike.
Sunrise/Sunset
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Vulture roost less
than 2 nautical
miles from the runway
Other Solutions
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Other Solutions
A Taxidermy Mount
Of a Dead Vulture
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AIR FORCE:• Mr. Eugene LeBoeuf, DSN 246-5679eugene.leboeuf@kirtland.af.mil
NAVY:• Mr. Matthew Klope, (360) 257-1468
matt.klope@navy.mil
ARMY:• Mr. Kevin Walter, (703) 805-3969
kevin.walter2@us.army.mil
DoD BASH POC’s
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Advisory Circular 150/5200-33 FAA ADVISORY CIRCULAR: HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS
ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS
Federal Aviation Regulation Part 139, Sec. 139.337 CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS: LAND AIRPORTS SERVING
CERTAIN AIR CARRIERS
Certification Alert 97-02 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAA AND USDA/WILDLIFE SERVICES
Certification Alert 97-05 GRASS ATTRACTIVE TO HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE
Certification Alert 97-09 WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN OUTLINE
FAA Guidance
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AFI 91-202 (Chapter 7.11) The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program 1 Aug 98 AFI 91-204 (Chapters 1.10.5.3 and 3.1) Safety Investigations and Reports (Bird Strike Reporting) 24 Sep 08 AFMAN 91-223 (Chapters 1.3, 1.3.1.9 and 5.4.2) Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports 6 Jul 04 AFPAM 91-212 Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Techniques 1 Feb 04 AFI 32-7064 Integrated Natural Resources Management 17 Sep 04AFI 32-7061 Environmental Impact Analysis Process 2 Mar 03 AFI 13-213 Airfield Management 8 Dec 05AFI 21-201 Management and Maintenance of Non-Nuclear Munitions 10 Feb 05
USAF Guidance
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
OPNAVINST 5909.1B CH-3: Environmental and Natural Resources Program Manual
NAVFAC P-73 Procedural Manual, Volume II
OPNAVINST 3750.6R Chg 1: Naval Aviation Safety Program
Navy Guidance
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
USAF BASH Team Web Sitewww.afsafety.af.mil/AFSC/Bash/home.html
USAF BAM / AHAS Web Sitewww.usahas.com
Federal Aviation Administration BASH Web Sitewww.wildlife-mitigation.tc.faa.gov/public_html/index.html
References
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
QUESTIONS?
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