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8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
1/17
Atmosphere is composed of layers
weather patterns
are formed in thetroposphere
useful ozonelayer (the ozone
shield) in thestratosphere
note: 1 km = about .6 miles. to change km to miles, just multiply by .6and round off (I learned this easy method living in Europe - changing thespeed limit signs to match my speedometer!)
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Global air circulation patterns causeweather changes
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Effects of the Great Ocean Conveyor(remember this from last week's topics?)
smallvariationsin theconveyor
circulationcanproducedramatic
changes inweatherpatternsaround the
world
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Thermal inversionstrap pollutants near ground level
a layer of warm air traps pollutants so can't rise and
disperse
pollutants released by the morning rush hour stay atground level - can cause quite serious health effects
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Air pollution affects local weather
in addition to weather
affecting air pollution, airpollution can affectweather
cities release large
amounts of heat (thermalpollution) from burning offossil fuels
urban areas tend to
experience more rain andsnow than surroundingareas because of thepollution they produce
also, concrete and metalretain the sun's energy,turning cities into "heatislands"
have you ever noticedthat, in summer, it'smuch hotter in DC, forexample, than PG
County? why?
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Primary and secondary air pollutants
primaryreleased
directly intoatmospherefromburning
fuels orwastes
secondaryproduced by
interactionsamongprimarypollutants in
atmosphere
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Emissions of air pollutants from humanactivities - what are the two biggest sources?
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Photochemical smog produced by
reactionsamongsunlight,primarypollutants, andcomponents inthe atmosphere
smog forms
brownish haze worst in hot,
sunny weatherwith little wind
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Photochemical smog exhaust from morning
traffic releases largeamounts of NO and VOCs
sunlight promotesconversion into ozone and
other components of smog urban levels usually highest
in mid-afternoon (recall:recent Olympic games in
China) irritates eyes, noses,
throats, makes asthmasymptoms worse, etc.
Los Angeles
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Acid precipitation
nitric oxides andsulfur dioxidereleased byburning fossil
fuels combinewith water in theatmosphere toform acids
returns to earthas acid rain, acidsnow, acid fog
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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global air circulation disperses the pollutants
effects can be felt hundreds of miles from the source
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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acid kills soildecomposers
acid soil prevents plantsfrom absorbing minerals
lack of nutrientsdamages forests and
crops
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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aciddissolveslimestone
and marble damages
buildings,monuments,
and otherstructures
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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damages aquaticlife
decreased survivalof fish larvae -many arecommercially
important species decreased survival
of amphibians(frogs, toads,
salamanders)important forecosystem health
salmon larvae
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Some legislation to reduce air pollution
U.S. Clean Air Act addresses air pollution
from ____
standards set by ____
enforced by ___
Montreal Protocol addresses air pollution
from ____
standards set by ___
enforced by ___
8/2/2019 Bio 111 Atmosphere and Air Pollution Week8
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Strategies to reduce air pollution
most air pollutants
found in vehicleemissions (source:burning of fossilfuels)
hybrid vehicles getmuch bettermileage and so,release less airpollution
more on this in theenergy unit!
Toyota Prius
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