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Bas Knowled o Co
Ran- CKIC
Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd
ContentⅠ Overview
Coal formation, coal seam,
coal mining, coal rank,
Ⅱ Coal ExplorationApplication of coalEnvironmental Effects
Ⅲ Coal quality controlCoal sampling, sample preparation,General coal testing scheme
analysis
Coal Formation and Seam
Coal Mining
The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal from the
ground. According to the depth and quality of
the seams, and the geology and environmental
factors. Surface mining and deep undergroundmining are the two basic methods of mining.
Coal Mining
Coal Mining
Modern surfaceStrip mini n g
mining
Contour miningMo u nt a i n top r e mo v al min i ng
Underground mining
Coal Ranks
Hilt's law
Hilt’s law is a geological
term that states that, in a smallarea, the deeper the coal, the higher its rank (grade).
The law holds true if the thermal gradient is entirelyvertical, but metamorphism may cause lateral changesof rank, irrespective of depth.
Coal Ranks
Coal Ranks
According to GB/T 5751-2009
g)
50
Class Symbol CodeParameter
Vdaf GR.I Y(mm) b(%) PM(%
)Hdaf(
%)Qgr,maf(MJk
LigniteHM1 51 >37 ≤30
≤24HM2 52 >37 >30-
Coal RanksClass Symbol Code
ParameterVdaf GR.I Y(mm) b(%) PM(%) Hdaf(%) Qgr,maf(MJkg)
Bituminous
PM 11 >10~20 ≤5PS 12 >10~20 >5~20
SM13 >10~20 >20~5014 >50~65
JM15 >10~20 >65 ≤25 (≤150)24
>20~28>50~65
25 >65 ≤25 ≤1501/3JM 35 >28~37 >65 ≤25 (≤220)
FM16 >10~20
(>85) >25(>150)
26 >20~28 (>150)36 >28~37 (>220)
QF 46 >37 (>85) >25 (>220)
QM
34 >28~37 >50~6543
>37>35~50
44 >50~6545 >65 ≤25 (≤220)
1/2ZN23 >20~28
>30~5033 >28~37
RN22 >20~28
>5~3032 >28~37
BN21 >20~28
≤531 >28~37
CY41
>37≤5
>5042 >5~35
Coal Ranks
According to GB/T 5751-2009
)
Class Symbol CodeParameter
Vdaf GR.I Y(mm) b(%) PM(%) Hdaf(%)
Qgr,maf(MJkg
Anthracite
WY1 1 ≤3.5 ≤2
WY2 2 >3.5~6.5 >2~3
WY3 3 >6.5~10 >3
Coal Reserves
Coal Production
Coal Production
Coal Consumption
ContentⅠ Overview
Coal formation, coal seam,
coal mining, coal rank,
Ⅱ Coal ExplorationApplication of coalEnvironmental Effects
Ⅲ Coal quality controlCoal sampling, sample preparation,General coal testing scheme
analysis
Application of Coal in Early Usage
Early uses as fuel
Application of Coal Nowadays
Coal as fuel
Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produceelectricity and heat through combustion.
How is Coal Converted to Electricity?
C o al as fuel: C V , Ash
Application of Coal Nowadays
Coal & Steel
70% of the steel produced today uses coal.Metallurgical coal
or coking coal is a vitalingredient in the steel making process.
How is Steel Produced?
C o al as fuel, r e du c ing agent & skeleton:na r r o w r a nge of pla s ticit y , volatility and low ash, low pho s pho r u s & s u lphu r .
Coal &Cement
Coal is used as an energy source in cementproduction. 200 kg coal -one tonne cement,300-400 kg cement -one cubic meter of concrete.
How is Cement Produced?
C o al as fuel ( R otary kiln) : :High CV ( + 600 0 K c al), High V olatile(1 8 - 30%), Low Sul f u r , Low Moistu r e ( - 10%)
Application of Coal NowadaysGasification & Liquefaction
Coal gasification can be used to produce
syngasfor powering a hydrogen economy,
makingammonia, or upgrading fossil fuels.
Application of Coal Nowadays
Production of chemicals
The syngas can then be fashioned into
anumber of useful chemical building blocks,methanol or acetyls for example.
like
Ammonia and urea are significant products ofcoal-to-chemicals for use in fertilizers.
Application of Coal
2%5%
6%power generation
ironmaking and steelmaking
cement manufacture
others87%
Application of Coal
Steamcoal
Usageof coal
Cokingcoal
Environmental EffectsA number of adverse health, and environmentaleffects of coal burning exist, especially in powerstations, and of coal mining, including:
※ Waste products, including fly ash, bottom
ash,and flue-gas desulfurization sludge※※※※
Acid rain from high sulfur coalInterference with groundwaterImpact of water and land usesRelease of carbon dioxide which
causes climatechange and global warming
ContentⅠ Overview
Coal formation, coal seam,
coal mining, coal rank,
Ⅱ Coal ExplorationApplication of coalEnvironmental Effects
Ⅲ Coal quality controlCoal sampling, sample preparation,General coal testing scheme
analysis
Super-intendingCompany
CoalSupplier
CoalConsumer
ResearchInstitute
CKIC
Buy Suitable CoalSupply QualifiedInnovation &Development
Good ResultsConsulting
Coal Quality Control
Coal is an organic material which oxidises anddecomposes / degrades. A special care is to be
taken while handling, processing, storage and ofcourse while sampling and testing of coal.
Coal Quality ControlFrom Supplier’s SideFor exactly meet the customer’s
requirements;
From consumer’s SideThe coal quality control at consuming plant areable to ensure that coal used is exactly suitable for boiler or Kiln, maximize the combustion efficiency and ensure safety.
Coal Quality Control
Why Sample?
Main purpose of sampling is to obtain arepresentative portion of the whole cargo toverify the quality of coal in support of commercialtransaction.
Coal Quality Control
Coal is a heterogeneous materialcomponents, and sampling must
and contain manybe done in such a way
that all components are recognised.A sample collected in such a manner that every particlein the lot sampled is equally represented in the gross ordivided sample.
Representativesamples
Coal Quality ControlProcedure of coal analysis?
CoalSampling
SamplePreparation
CoalAnalysis
Coal Quality Control
Steam Coal Testing••••••
Proximate analysis in CoalCalorific ValueTotal SulfurUltimate AnalysisAsh Fusion PropertiesHardgrove Grindability
Index......
Coal Quality Control
• Ash contentMineral matter in the coal blend
is retained as mineral ashin the coke – high ash means –less carbon in the
cokemore slag volume in the furnace.
and
• Volatile matterHigher volatile matter, results in lower coke yield .PhosphorusSulfurBoth elements causes the product steel to become
••
brittle and crack initiation.
Coal Quality Control
••••••••
Crucible Swelling NumberGieseler Fluidity – plastic properties
when heatedPlastometricG indexDilatometer-Petrographic
Indices Testingexpansion/contractionAnalysis
during coking
Gray King Coking TypeCoke Reactivity Index (CRI) + Coke Strength afterReaction (CSR)
Testing Scheme- ASTM
Testing Scheme- ISO
Testing Scheme- GB
End of Presentation!!!
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