Banding: Different extents of chromatin condensation

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Banding: Different extents of chromatin condensation

Allele names according to phenotype

Wild type

amorph

hypomorph

hypermorph

RR

RR

neomorph

R~

R~R~

R~

NULL

Standard Dominant – Recessive

Haploinsufficiency

Lyse Cell and its Nucleus

Human Karyotype – Trisomy 21

disjunctionnon-אי -הפרדההפרדת – כרומ.

junctionחיבור

אי-הפרדה

Non-disjunction in Meiosis I: Animation 18.1a

Non-disjunction in Meiosis II: Animation 18.1b

Down

Patau

Edwards

Animation 17.2b

Monosomy:

Karyotype minus 1 chromosome homolog

חסר עותק )הומולוג( אחד של כרומוזום

Nullisomy:

Karyotype minus both chromosome’s homologs

שני העותקים )הומולוגים( של כרומוזום אחד חסרים

X

Y

X

Y

X+Y

X+Y

X+X

Y

Y

An example:In males

X1

X2

X1+X2

X1+X2

X1 + X1

An example:In females

X1

X2

X2

X2

XXY - Kleinfeldter

XO - Turner

Sex-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia( absence of sweat glands in blue areas)

XXX, XXY, XXYY

2n 4n

כרוב

צנון

Nullisomics of modern (hexaploid) wheat

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