Bakteriell evolution - Mikrobiologi.net · Bakteriell evolution . Linus Pauling – Science is the...

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Bakteriell evolution

Linus Pauling – Science is the search for truth

Biological evolution is genetic change in a population from one generation to another All life forms, incl humans,

evolved from earlier species.

All still living species of organisms continue to

evolve!

Archae prokaryoter utan kärna (3,5 biljoner år)

-!metanogener anaerober, som producerar metan

-! Källa för naturgas

- halofiler - termofiler

- extremofiler

-! cyanobacteria bildade syre som avfallsprodukt o skapade ett aerobt

ecosystem -!heterotrofa bakterier

•!Transfer of genomic islands (islands of DNA differing from core genomes, virulence)

•! - Yersinia and Salmonella PI – conjugation

•! -V cholerae PI transduction (phage)

•! - uptake of free pieces of DNA

Migration map!!!

North America

Europe Asia

Australia South America

Africa

World map indicating the direction of human migrations (yellow arrows). The geographic centres of potentially distinct H. pylori genotypes/phenotypes are indicated by the red circles. Adapted from Covacci et al., 1999, Science.

Maps courtesy of www.theodora.com/maps

Genomic feature H pylori C jejuni Hhepati-cus

H ducreyi

Type 4 secretion Yes no Yes yes

G+C content 39% 30% 36% 38,2%

ORFs 1500 1654 1776 1830

H hepaticus common genes

60% 65% 100% ND

CDT homologue No Yes No yes

Size 1.6 million bp

1.6 mbp

1.7 mbp

1.7 mbp

Biofilm Både planktoniska o biofilm-

vibrioner i faeces hos patienter m kolera, MEN de i biofilm är mer

infektiösa. Bortfiltrering av partiklar >20 µm reducerade koleraincidens m 48%

(Dhaka) Hos de flesta Vibrio bidrar flagella

till biofilmbildning (V parahaemolyticus, V vulnificus, V

fischerii) V cholerae MSHA typ IV pilus, toxin

co-regulated pilus reglerar biolfilmbildn sekvensiellt, samt chitin-regulated pilus (ChiRP)

V parahaemolyticus MSHA o ChiRP Kapsel polysaccharid,

exopolysaccharid m fl, men hos V fischeri samma cellulosa gen cluster som hos Salmonella

Bakterie – fag (virus) coevolution

Sker snabbt in vitro, men sker även i komplexa

mikrobiella microsystem (jord)

Bidrar till utveckling av både mer resistens och infektivitet Bakterier är mer resistenta mot tidigare fager än mot

nuvarande

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