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What is Bacterial Meningitis?• Inflammation of the meninges
ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
What bacteria(s) cause it?Age Group Causes
Newborn Group B Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Infant Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Children N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae
Adult S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, Mycobacteria
http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/causes.html
(http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/causes.html)
Neisseria meningitidis• Anti-phagocytic polysaccharide capsule• Surface proteins
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/neisseria.html
How N. meningitidis enters the meninges
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830671/?tool=pubmed
Is bacterial meningitis contagious?• Spread by respiratory
or throat secretions
Http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html
Image: www.ewu.edu/x52254.xml
People at High Risk• Children under 5• Living in close contact • Immunocompromised• Severe head trauma or chronic infection
https://www1.qiagen.com/GeneGlobe/PathwayView.aspx?pathwayID=50
http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/risk-factors.html
Image:www.kuyper.edu/StudentLife/housing.aspx
Symptoms• Fever, headache, stiff neck• Infants: inactivity, vomiting, irritability, poor
feeding
http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html
Image: http://www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourceImport/resources04/diseases/images/meningitis.jpg
How to Diagnose?
•Grow bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid▫spinal tap
http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/faq.html
Image: http://adventures.worldnomads.com/uploadimages/spinaltap-banner.jpg
Treatment• Antibiotics
▫Cephalosporins, Penicillin-type antibiotics, & Aminoglycoside drugs
• Corticosteroids• Prophylaxis
▫Rifampin, Cipro, & Rocephin
http://www.everydayhealth.com/meningitis/using-antibiotics-to-treat-meningitis.aspxhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html#Imagedic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1030251
Resistance• THREAT!• Certain strains resistant to penicillin
http://www.everydayhealth.com/meningitis/using-antibiotics-to-treat-meningitis.aspx
Image: http://itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/?cat=65
Complications• Hearing loss, learning disability, paralysis• Severe cases: brain damage, coma, or death
http://www.dhpe.org/infect/Bacmeningitis.html
image: wwwsodahead.com/.../question-781593/
Prevention• Routine Immunization• Good hygiene
http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/lung/meningitis.html#Image: http://www.tulsa-health.org/media/images/Bacterial%20Men%20Table.gif
Developed vs. Developing Countries
• Developed▫3 per 100,000 annually
• Developing▫Epidemics▫Sub-Saharan Africa: 500 per 100,000 annually
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
♦ "Meningitis belt"♦ epidemic zones♦ sporadic cases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningiti
s
Public Health Response (WHO)
•Epidemic Preparedness•Epidemic Response
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/
Image:www.msf.org.uk/meningitis.focus
Bibliography• http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/59/Antibiotics.html• http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n7_v25/ai_1134863
6/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae• http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/global.html• http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=388352 • http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0903696.html
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