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Avian Influenza Surveillance in DKI Jakarta2007 - 2010
IDP Project Closing Meeting - Bogor, 2 November 2011
Presentation Outline
• Introduction• Jakarta Surveillance Activity– Sentinel surveillance in 2007 and 2009-2010– Surveillance of incoming poultry batches in 2008 and
2009-2010• Discussion - implications– Public health– Animal health/disease control– Implications for surveillance
• Conclusions of the total Jakarta surveillance activities
2
Introduction
3
PCFs
Spent Chickens Broilers
Native Chickens
Male Layer
RestaurantSmall
Slaughtering houses
Catering
Live Bird Market
Sentinel Surveillance
2007 and 2009
4
Objective
2007 study• Is HPAI H5N1 virus present in the PCFs
2009 study• Knowing the presence of HPAI H5N1 in PCFs :– Frequency of introduction by incoming poultry
versus persistence of H5N1 virus in PCFs– Origin of H5N1 infected poultry batches
5
Measuring virus circulation
• In our study we used sentinel birds to detect circulating H5 AI virus
• What is a sentinel bird:– In our study: layers unvaccinated against AI– Vaccinated against other poultry diseases
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 6
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 7
Continuous surveillance during 90 (2007)or 60 d. (2009) Continuous surveillance during 90 (2007)or 60 d. (2009)
PCFs
How did we do it?How did we do it?
Score clinical signs and mortality
BKHI Lab (PCR test)
Daily SurveillanceDaily Surveillance
Place sentinels in PCFsPlace sentinels in PCFs(between bird in PCF)(between bird in PCF)
Results
2007 2009
Nr. of PFC Nr. of PFCs
Total H5 PCR positive (%) Total H5 PCR positive (%)
38 32 (84.2%) 40 31 (77.5%)
8
Case definition of positive PCFs: PCFs with one or more sick or dead sentinel that tested positive for H5 by PCR test.
80% of the sentinels died within one week.
Conclusion
• H5 AI virus was detected on the majority of PCFs in Jakarta
• Origin of virus is unknown• Link with public health risk is unknown
Implications on Policies
DKI Jakarta government : • Issued the relocation of PCFs into specialized
areas (Perda no. 4 tahun 2007)
10
Surveillance of Incoming Poultry Batches in PCFs, DKI Jakarta
2008 and 2009-2010
11
Objectives
• Does HPAI H5N1 virus persist in PCF or is it frequently introduced?
• Can surveillance of incoming poultry batches be used to identify sources of HPAI in the country?
12
Reasoning
• This study might contribute to developing control measures aiming at interrupting the AI infection chain in the poultry industry– Type of control measures depends on cause of positivity of
PCFs
• Surveillance of PCFs via incoming poultry– might provide insight in type of circulating virus strains
including those in commercial industry – the occurrence of evolution of virus strains– identification of main sources for virus circulation
13
How did we do it?How did we do it?
14
PCFsPCFs
Sampling Incoming Sampling Incoming PoultryPoultry
(tracheal swabs )(tracheal swabs )
Environmental Environmental Samples Samples
15
Result2008 2009-2010
Nr positive/tot. (%) Nr positive/tot. (%)
(+) Poultry Batch 8/381 (1.38%) 50/1549 (3.2%)
PCFs with (+) batches 3 /12 (25.0%) 12/40 (30.0%)
Result2008 2009-2010
Nr positive/tot. (%) Nr positive/tot. (%)
(+) Environment sample 4/143 (2,8%) 13/157 (8,3%)
PCFs with (+) environment sample
2 /12 (16,7%) 12/40 (30%)
PCR results H5 detection
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 16
Type of birds sampled
Type of Infected Poultry Batches
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 17
Implications on AI SurveillanceSentinel Incoming Transport
Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage
Sensitive Don’t know the source
Detailed source information
Relatively expensive
Pin point PCFs at Risk
Need Continues Monitoring
Pin point origin/farm/regi
on at risk
Targeted response if the
result quick enough
Good way to collect Virus
Expensive, need logistic
sustainable
Allow targeted response
Should be based on random sampling
No targeted in response
18
Conclusions
• Persistence or introduction via batches:– 2.5% of incoming batches was HPAI H5 positive– No conclusion about the persistence in PCFs
• Surveillance useful for identification AI sources in the country?– Percentage of infected batches differed between
different areas– Virus detected in poultry from all sectors
19
Acknowledgement
• Indonesian – Dutch Partnership Program• Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia• Ministry of Economic affairs, Agriculture and
Innovation, the Netherlands• Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta• Municipal Governments in DKI Jakarta• BKHI Laboratory
THANK YOU
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 21
Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 22
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