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Substation automation migration strategies to IEC 61850 using Relion protection and control
Automation and Power World, April 2011
From PAC WORLD , December 2010
The fact that The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has advised the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission that if has identified IEC 61850 as one of five “foundational” sets of standards for Smart Grid interoperability and cyber security clearly shows that IEC 61850 is foreseeable in the future of all protection, automation, and control specialists around the world.
How to you get from ?
Conventional SA systemControl Center Station HMI
Relay X1
RTU
Conventional Switchgear
ConventionalCT / VT's
Relay X2
Relay X1
Conventional Switchgear
Relay X2
ConventionalCT / VT's
Interlocking logic
Hardwired with parallel Copper wires
To This
IEC 61850 station and process communicationsControl Center
Gateway
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Intelligent Switchgear
Non conventional
CT/VT
Relay X2
Relay X1
Bay Controller
Intelligent Switchgear
Relay X2
Non conventional
CT/VT
Station HMI
Ethernet communication:Elimination of wiresAccess to informationOptimized functionality
Station Ethernet Bus
Process Bus
Let’s look at some 61850 concepts
Logical node
Physical Devices
Logical nodes IEC 61850 Definitions
A logical node is the smallest part of a function that exchanges data and represents a function within a physical device
A logical connection is the communication link between logical nodes
PICOM is a piece of information for communication describing an information transfer on a given logical connection with given communication attributes between two logical nodes
The IEC 61850 logical node, and the communications of data between them, are at the core of interoperability
LN1
Function 1
LN2 LN3
Function 2
LN4
IED - A
LN5
LN6
Function 3
LN7LN8
Function 4
LN9
IED - B
Physical DevicesPrimary System Devices Circuit breakers Disconnect and
grounding switches Power transformers Instrument transformers Generators
Secondary System Devices Protection Reclosers Annunciators Meters, sensors Fault recorders Control switches and
interfaces Etc.
Primary Technology -- Switchgear
Secondary Technology
--Substation Automation
PTOCXSWI
XSWI
SIMG
XCBR
SIMG
PTRC
CSWI
CSWI
CSWISIMG
TVTR
TCTR
Logical Nodes and Physical DevicesLogical Nodes and Physical Devices
Sensors
CT
VT
8989
52
Protection:
PDIS
Control:
Logical Nodes and Physical Devices
LD0:Logical Device
PDIS:LN
LN
PROT:Logical DeviceServer
IED
Station/Process Bus
DO
CSWI:LN LN
DO DODO
I / O
DO DO
Control SwitchControl Switch
Distance ProtectionDistance Protection
Client Connections
Logical Node Names
xxxXCBR1
Optional Application Specific Prefix
Logical Node Instance #
Logical Node Name per IEC 61850-7-4 (breaker)
Basic Principle
Application Variances (retrofit)
A
M
M
XCBR1
XSWI1
XSWI2
TCTR1
TCTR1
TVTR1
GXSWI3
Process Level
IED(S)
Bay Level
hardwired
GGIO1
GGIO1
GGIO2
GGGIO3
Merging Unit
Application Variances (retrofit)
A
M
M
XCBR1
XSWI1
XSWI2
GXSWI3
Process Level
IED(S)
Bay Level
hardwired
GGIO1
BGGIO4
GGIO2
GGGIO3
AI Processing
AI Processing
Merging Unit
Basic line protection functions
Distance protection
Tripping in distributed systems
Differential protection
Autoreclosing
Disturbance recording
Distance Protection
PDISPDISPDISPDIS
PTRC
PSCH2
PTOC2PTOC1
Substation A
PSCH1
PDIS
PTRC
PSCH1
PDIS PTOC1
Substation B
PSCH2
XCBRXCBR
PTOC2
Several Distance zones
Communication
Trip conditioning
Tripping
Physical distribution examples
PTOC PDIS
PTRC
XCBR
IED
Circuit Breaker
PTOC PDIS
PTRC
XCBR
(a) (b) (c)
PTOC PDIS
“Wires“Trip
“GSE“Trip
IED IED IED
PTRC PTRC
XCBR
IED IED
“GSE“Trip
Conventional Process bus PISA & Prot. Redundancy
Differential Protection
Substation A Substation B
PTRC
XCBR
PTRC
XCBR
PDISPDISPDIF
PDISPDISTCTR
MDIF
PDISPDISPDIF
MDIF
PDISPDISTCTR
Determines differences
Triggers trip
IED
(a)
PTOC
PTRC
XCBR
Circuit Breaker
“Wires“Tripand
Re-Close
RREC
Trip
(Re-)Close
IHMI
IED
CSWI
XCBR
“Wires“Openand
Close
Command
IED
IED
(b)
IED
PTOC
PTRC
XCBR
RREC
IED
IHMI
IED
CSWI
IED
“GSE“ Trip
“Report” Tripor“GSE“ Trip
“Control” Service
“Control” Serviceor
“GSE” Close
Conventional Distributed
Autoreclosure and Control
Disturbance Recording
TCTR
XCBR
RADR
RDRE
RBDR
TVTR LLN0
Logical Device Disturbance RecorderSingle Line
TVTR
N Instances of RADR
M Instances of RBDR
GGIO
Channel numbersfor example 1 … Nfor analogue channels
Channel numbersfor example N+1 … N+Mfor binary channels
1 LN forCommon featuresand Co-ordination
How do these concepts apply to our Relion series relays ?
Logical Nodes applied to Relay
LD0:Logical Device
LN LN
PROT:Logical DeviceServer
IED
DO
CSWI:LN LN
DO DODO
I / O
DO
The Function BlockThe Function Block Background Operations
FUNCTION
INP
UTS
OU
TPU
TS
INSTANCE(SEQ,INT)
LOGICOR
TASKS
SETTINGSPLATFORM OBJECTS
IEC 61850
LOGICAL NODES
Discrete Function Relay(made smart)
The Function Block
Background Operations
FUNCTION
INP
UTS
OU
TPU
TS
INSTANCE(SEQ,INT)
LOGICOR
TASKS
SETTINGSPLATFORM OBJECTS
IEC 61850
LOGICAL NODES
Function Block
=
+ IEC 61850
Basic Function Block Description
Function Tasks or logic performed
I/O Connections to other FBs Analog
Binary
Data
Computation resources Instance – NTH time used
Sequence of execution
Computation Interval
Background Operations Settings
Basic Design Process for IED
Application Function LibraryApplication Function Library Application ConfigurationApplication Configuration
Combine discrete Combine discrete application functions to application functions to meet P&C requirements meet P&C requirements
Down load IEDDown load IED Test configurationTest configuration Create ICDCreate ICD
Defines the IED capabilities Defines the IED capabilities to the rest of the IEC 61850 to the rest of the IEC 61850 substationsubstation
Substation configuration Substation configuration processprocess
21
50/51
27
87
59
32
67
81
62BF
BKR CNTL
DISTURB
GOOSE
Application Function Library
Protection and Control IED
Application Configuration
IED Capabilities Description File
Application Configuration
APPLICATION CONFIGURATION LOGIC
21
PHYSIC
AL O
UTPU
TS
PHYS
ICA
L IN
PUTS
VIRTUAL GOOSE INPUTS
IEC 61850 COMMUNICATIONS
50/51
LOGICAL NODE
BREAKER CONTROL
VIRTUAL ANALOG INPUTS
VIRTUAL BINARY INPUTS
OR TRIP VIRTUAL BINARY
OUTPUTS
VIRTUAL GOOSE
OUTPUTS
VIR
TUA
L INTE
RFA
CE
S
PHYS
ICA
L INTE
RFAC
ESI/O in Application are Hardware Independent
I/O in Application are Hardware Independent
IED & SCD Configuration Descriptions Function blocks that are
logical nodes provide data with ICD file that describes it to other substation IEDs
SCD file defines the substation
ICD and SCD are written with the defined Substation Configuration Language (SCL)
The SCD file is used by all substation IEDs and station HMI with tools to make appropriate interfaces
IED
IED Capabilities Description File
Substation Configuration Description File
Other Substation IEDs
IED Logical Nodes
PDIS - 21
PIOC - 50
PTOC - 51
CSWI
Analog Input Function Block Input
Block (True / False)
Group and signal names for signal matrix mapping
Type (Current / Voltage)
Output
AI3P
Data for measurement and computations
AI A, …, N
Sampled data for DFR
Logic Names
V3P, …, VN
Binary Output Function Block
Inputs: Logic signals to be
output to physical outputs Contacts
LEDs
Group and signal names for signal matrix mapping
Impedance Function Block
Detect phase and ground faults on transmission lines
Inputs Supervision
Analog data
Outputs Single and three pole
tripping
Single and three pole starting
Logical node
Disturbance Reporting Function Blocks
Disturbance ReportLMBRFLORDRE
FAULT LOCATOR
A1RADR
B1RBDR
ANALOG SIGNALS
BINARY SIGNALS
TRIP VALUE RECORDER
DISTURBANCE RECORDER
EVENT RECORDER
INDICATIONS (HMI)
SEQ. OF EVENTS LIST
40/rec
96/rec
150/rec
96/rec
1000, Continuous
Generic GOOSE Output Function Blocks SPGGIO
Single point GOOSE
Binary
1 / 0
DPGGIO
Double point control GOOSE
Integer
1/0, 0/1, 0/0, 1/1
Valid
Inputs
Logic signals to sent to other station IEDs
SPGGIOIN
DPGGIO
OPEN
CLOSE
VALID
DP03(4658, 100)
SP07(4634, 100)
BKR1-52B
BKR1-52A
BKR1 VALID
Mapped to other Network IED via Substation Configuration Description File
LOV BLOCK
Control Function Blocks Function blocks (IEC 61850 logical
nodes) for IEDs at process level XCBR – circuit breaker
XSWI – MOD
Function blocks (IEC 61850 logical nodes) for IEDs at bay level CSWI – switch controller
CILO – Interlocking
PDIS – distance protection
PTOC – TOC protection
Many more defined in IEC 61850 to provide secure substation control
Operator places that provide control through function blocks (logical nodes) Station HMI
IED (front panel)
North Bus
A
B
C
South Bus
M
M
M
M
M
M
Station HMI
IEC 61850-8-1
XSWI
XSWI
XSWI
XSWI
XSWI
XSWI
XCBR
XCBR
XCBR
CSWICILO
PTOCPDIS
PTOCPDIS
Control IED
Protection IED
Protection IED
PROCESS BAY STATION
Benefits to This Design Method
Versatile Applications
Simplify settings
Design documentation
Testing
Relion series relays for your current and future needs
61850 Logical Node concept used in Relion design
Don’t see need to implement 61850 design at this time ??
There for future use without having to modify relays
Can implement in stages
Future Proofing your substation protection and control design process
QUESTIONS ?
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