Authors Asst. Dr. Sirikul Chunsawang Collage of Engineering, Rangsit University, THAILAND

Authors Asst. Dr. Sirikul Chunsawang Collage of Engineering, Rangsit University, THAILAND.

Asst. Dr. Sirirat WongprakornkulFaculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, THAILAND.

Title : Capsule Production

from Chitosan

Introduction

Chitosan is derived from chitin by removing and refining the acetyls through a process called deacetylation.

unsaturated amino polysaccharide

similar to cellulose which is plants fiber

Objectives

1. To prepare chitosan from prawn shells

3. To compare chitosan capsule with gelatin capsule

2. To prepare chitosan capsule

Methodology

1. preparation of chitin

2. preparation of chitosan

3. capsule production from chitosan

4. testing of chitosan and gelatin capsule properties.

prawn shells

reduced protein

8%w NaOH 1:6 w/v 80-90 ๐C 2-3 h

reduced mineral

8%w HCl 1:6 w/v 25-30 ๐C 24 h

1. preparation of chitin150g 300m – 1.18mm250g 1.18mm - 2.36mm300g 2.36mm – 4.75mm

chitin

deacetylation

50%w NaOH 1:10 w/v 90-120 ๐C 4-5 h

Compared with std Sigma – Aldrich

2. preparation of chitosan

3. capsule production from chitosan

Chitosan

Viscous solution

0.1M acetic acid 0.1:5 w/v

capsule

Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin capsule, (TIS 913-2532)

4. testing of chitosan and gelatin capsule properties.

Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin capsule, (TIS 913-2532)

• size and size error of capsule• moisture resistance • dissociation• moisture content• ash content.

Results & Discussion

chitin chitosan

The color of chitosan is white & transparent, crisp flake %yield= 24-30

Amide

COC

C – O

NH2

Tranmittance of standard chitosan from Sigma Aldrich

COC

NH2

Amide C –

O COC

Transmittance of chitosan

Particle size Ash content (%)

300 m -1.18 mm 0.399

1.18 mm – 2.36 mm 0.496

2.36 mm - 4.75 mm 0.896

Ash content of chitosan

Ash content of standard chitosan from Sigma Aldrich equal to o.5%

(left) Gelatin capsule (right) Chitosan capsule

TestingNo.

(gelatin)

Length (mm) Mass(mg)one size o

f capsuleother size of capsul

e

closedcapsule

1 16.70 10.50 21.70 76.60

2 16.74 10.50 21.75 79.80

3 16.70 10.58 21.75 76.30

4 16.75 10.52 21.72 75.20

5 16.75 10.55 21.70 76.50

Avg 16.73 10.53 21.72 76.88

size of gelatin capsule

size of chitosan capsule

Testing No.(chitosan)

Length (mm) Mass(mg)one size

of capsule

other size of caps

ule

closedcapsule

1 16.75 10.55 21.75 55.80

2 16.72 10.50 21.70 60.20

3 16.70 10.52 21.70 52.20

4 16.75 10.55 21.70 54.80

5 16.74 10.58 21.75 57.10

Average 16.73 10.54 21.72 56.02

Result of size and size error of capsule

For statistical analysis, the t-test was raised to perform. We found that both chitosan capsule and gelatin capsule are not significant.

• One side of capsule with p-value = 0.799• Other side of capsule with p-value = 0.644• closed capsule with p-value = 0.799

Mass of chitosan capsule is lighter than gelatin capsule.

Result of moisture resistance

Chitosan capsule is more durable than gelatin

capsule when we kept into water at 25๐ c for

15 min.

Result of dissociation of capsule

Both gelatin and chitosan capsules were kept into water pH 7 at 372 ๐C and detected time when they were dissociated

retesting again by kept into acetic acid at difference concentration: pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively.

Types pHTime (min)

average(min)No. 1 No.2 No.3

gelatin 7 11 11 10 10.67

chitosan 7 not not not not

chitosan 6 not not not not

chitosan 5 not not not not

chitosan 4 not not not not

chitosan 3 230 240 238 236

chitosan 2 165 169 180 171.33

Result of moisture content

gelatin and chitosan capsule had average moisture contents 15.138% and 19.703%

Result of ash content of capsule

ash content of gelatin capsule 1.302% ash content of chitosan capsule 1.123%

Conclusion

• 150 g of 300 m - 1.18 mm produce 36 g of chitosan

• 250 g of 1.18 mm - 2.36 mm produce 60 g of chitosan

• 300 g of 2.36 mm.- 4.75 mm produce 72 g of chitosan

(24-30%yield)

• Chitosan capsule is resistance to moisture and dissociate in pH 2 to 3 solution which is the suitable pH in stomach.

Acknowledgement

Kingfisher holding Ltd.

Rangsit University

Thank you for your attention.