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ABSTRACT: This paper firstly examines how citation tones in Lianjiang (Fujian Province)

are realized by analyzing acoustic phonetic data. The results show that though the tone system

of Lianjiang is almost same as that of Fuzhou, pitch contours of Shang (mid-level) and Yinqu (low-falling) of Lianjiang are clearly different from those of Fuzhou.

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2. F0 A B C D E

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F F F F FF

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Author manuscript

4. F0 A B C D E

5. F0 F G

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T = {(log X – log B) / ( log A – log B)} 5 ( 0 ≤ T ≤ 5)

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SD = F0

LZ = (Xi – X̄ ) / SD

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T 0 5 1 5

LZ 0

T VT

(6) VT A = F0 B = F0 X = F0

VT = {(log X – log B) / ( log A – log B)} 4 1 ( 1 ≤ VT ≤ 5)

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Author manuscript

y j

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y k

Boersma, Paul, and David Weenink. 1992-2012. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Computer

program from http://www.praat.org.

g��. 1928. �L��eORV�. Y�(?RVl�W!U.

kE/. 1998. �T-9bRV�. T0�C�JS.

. 1994. ��o#f�. ��""�cb;cb)�2: 487-515.

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i. 1986. �%F9b�']#f�>�. �ebRV�W�<: 77-90.

i. 2009. �*soZ(5[�. ��$(�JS.

Xu, Yi. 2005-2012. ProsodyPro.praat. Praat script from http://www.phon.ac.uk/home/yi/

Prosody.Pro/

Author manuscript

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10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

130.9 129.0 128.7 128.5 128.0 127.9 128.1 127.3 126.0 125.8

148.1 143.9 138.3 130.1 119.9 110.5 103.2 97.2 93.6 90.4

118.9 115.5 113.5 112.1 111.3 110.2 109.1 108.1 106.9 104.8

108.9 104.2 100.8 99.1 97.7 96.3 95.0 93.6 92.3 92.1

102.9 103.3 108.5 116.2 120.5 119.0 111.9 102.3 95.1 90.7

112.0 110.0 108.9 109.0 110.3 112.8 116.6 120.1 121.3 124.4

141.8 141.2 140.8 140.5 140.3 140.3 140.3 140.1 140.2 136.8

. 4, 5 Hz

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

236.3 234.0 234.8 238.0 241.8 245.5 249.5 253.3 254.5 249.3

262.5 256.8 248.9 238.3 223.4 206.2 190.9 179.4 174.8 166.7

226.7 221.8 219.3 218.3 217.7 217.8 219.1 221.0 221.9 219.3

184.6 180.7 178.5 176.7 175.4 174.7 174.9 175.4 175.7 176.0

200.8 206.8 214.9 219.9 218.4 210.3 197.1 183.7 176.4 172.2

197.2 197.4 198.5 201.2 205.5 210.8 216.2 219.9 221.6 219.7

261.7 262.9 263.8 264.9 265.3 264.6 263.9 263.9 262.8 248.4

. 6, 7 millisecond

382.0 303.1 470.0 460.4 423.4 171.4 126.2

260.4 217.6 285.1 306.1 317.4 117.4 102.6

Author manuscript

. VT

VT 8, 9

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

3.90 3.81 3.81 3.85 3.90 3.95 4.02 4.05 4.03 3.95

4.73 4.55 4.29 3.90 3.37 2.77 2.24 1.80 1.57 1.27

3.39 3.21 3.10 3.04 3.00 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.93 2.81

2.32 2.08 1.91 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.63 1.58 1.54 1.54

2.42 2.54 2.86 3.20 3.30 3.12 2.66 2.07 1.66 1.40

2.67 2.60 2.59 2.64 2.76 2.94 3.15 3.32 3.38 3.44

4.56 4.56 4.56 4.57 4.57 4.56 4.55 4.55 4.53 4.24

Author manuscript

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